October 2015

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus have a high risk of atherothrombotic events. Many studies have shown a variety of diabetes mellitus related abnormalities in hemostasis and thrombosis. The diabetic condition contributes for initiation and progression of microvascular and macrovascular complication. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study that had been conducted at Alrakah Hospital during May 2012 to June 2012. The study included samples from type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed clinically at Alrakah Hospital, during the above mentioned period. The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the local ethical committee. The aim of this study is to investigate the coagulation parameters in diabetic type 11 patients, these parameters included (PT, APTT, TT, Fibrinogen and D- dimer). Citrated venous blood samples were collected from50 patients of diabetes mellitus type II, and thirty from non-diabetes individuals as control. Data were analyzed by using statistical package of social science (SPSS). Results: The most affected age group was 20-45years which encountered in 44%of the patients. According to the duration of the disease 78% of the patients were found within the period of 5-10 years p =0.000.

This systematic review aims to identify scientific publications addressing the use screening scales Postpartum Depression (PPD) applied until sixth month after postpartum in mothers over 15 years. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, LILASC, MEDLINE and the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), using the following keywords: Postpartum Depression, Brief psychiatric rating scale, Maternal Depression. The search resulted in 55 articles that were screened by title and abstract, these 09 articles were analyzed. In this research observed it most articles discuss the importance of early screening and the relationship between anxiety, maternal availability and PPD.

Aims: 1- To evaluate the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial pathogen in burn patients. 2- To determine the Biofilm producing P. aeruginosa Methods: Total of 62 samples have been collected from patients who attended to the center of Burn in Al-Faihaa General Hospital in Basra City from the period 01/03/2015 to 1/6/2015. Including 36 (58%) females and 26 (42%) males, aged between 6 months – 78 years. All specimens were directly inoculated onto plated of P.P.A and incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hrs and identified by microscopic examination and biochemical tests include (Oxidase, indole, Vogas-Proskauer, urease, Methyl red, citrate utilization and Kligler) and using CHROMagar media. Ability of P. aeroginosa to forming biofilm tested by using Congo Red Agar and confirmed by genetic detection using pslA, IcaA and IcaD genes by PCR technique. Results: The current results showed that, forty two (67.7%) positive samples were identified as P. aeroginosa by biochemical tests and CHROMagar medium, three samples (7.1%) were positive for biofilm forming on Congo red agar, three samples (7.1%) were positive to pslA gene, one (2.4%) positive to IcaA gene and all negative to IcaD gene. Conclusions: We wish to emphasize that the P. aeroginosa present at high frequency among burn patients, and this give difficult to healing infections. A screening procedure using CHROMagar media give better results and faster in identifying P. aeroginosa than conventional methods. Gene identification was the best biofilm forming test.

This study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) between 4 -12 years, based on their height, weight and to analyze their eating practices. The study also examined the impact of nutrition intervention on awareness and food choices of mothers having children with ADHD. This is a specific population study, conducted in a special school of Chennai city. The sample recruited for the given study consisted of 60 mothers having children with ADHD. The purposive sampling technique was adapted for the selection of the sample. The nutrition intervention was designed based on the height, weight, BMI percentile (NCHS-CDC)6 of children with ADHD and preference of food choices of their mothers. The choices made by them had low consumption of protective foods like fruits vegetables, pulses and eggs and high consumption of high fat, processed and fast foods. The investigator gathered the data from 60 mothers having children with ADHD using an interview based questionnaire at the baseline and also after the one month of the intervention. This tool consisted of 12 items targeting to assess the awareness about nutrition and preferences about food choices of the respondents. The intervention program involved group counseling form others and food display on packed lunch and healthy eating. The qualitative data was assessed using the content analysis for intervention (Scoring key for the questionnaire) and the quantitative data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 17. Results of the study revealed that, before the intervention children with ADHD were found to have weight imbalances and their mothers exhibited very little knowledge on nutrition and healthy food choices. Whereas post intervention, mothers showed a statistically significant increased awareness on nutrition and food selection when compared to the baseline data. However no significant change was observed in the weight of the children with ADHD. The nutrition intervention for mothers having children with ADHD had a significantly positive impact on their knowledge and food selection practices. The awareness and the knowledge about healthy food choices among the mother scan play a key role in managing the symptoms like hyperactivity or attention deficit. The study emphasizes the need of many such interventions in this area of nutrition and ADHD.

A study in the purpose of pain assessment in neonates and relief of pain cycles; not only for ethical view but also because repeated painful exposures can cause deleterious consequences. Gathered information from various medical references and previous studies discussing pain physiology, modulation and pain calibration instruments all are provided for this purpose. In Egypt, pain in neonates is underestimated and it's prevalent among the public that circumcision is preferably carried out in the first week. And from this point, we were determined to make this study about pain in neonatal age.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is considered as a reliable and cost effective method for the initial evaluation of thyroid nodules. But it poses a diagnostic challenge in differentiating benign follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma as they have similar cytological appearance. Present study focused on the identification of an immuno marker for the differential diagnosis of thyroid malignancy and to compare the expression of Galectins and Bcl-2 to explain its role in apoptosis. We performed immunohistochemistry of galectin-1, galectin-3 and bcl-2 on cell block prepared from FNA material and corresponding tissue sections on 289 samples. Galectin-3 mRNA expression was quantified using Real time PCR. Western blotting was carried out in surgically excised fresh tissue specimens. Pap stained slides were also subjected to immunocytochemistry without de-staining. Galectin-3 was found to be highly significant (P<0.001) in the differential diagnosis of malignancy from adenoma with high diagnostic accuracy of 97.8%. All the samples of papillary carcinoma with distant metastasis showed intense expression of galectin-3 and bcl-2. A negative correlation in the expression pattern of galectin-3 and bcl-2 was observed in the case of thyroiditis. QRT- PCR revealed a significant over expression of galectin-3 (2.4 fold) in papillary carcinoma. The present study observed a correlation for the over expression of Galectin-3 with its anti-apoptotic activity and suggests galectin-3 immunohistochemistry along with morphological evaluation and quantitative assessment to eliminate unwanted thyroidectomies for benign nodules.

This study was launched to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound irradiation technique versus boiling water bath method for preparation of 99mTc-UBI 29-41 samples and assess the bio distribution of radiotracer samples in the infected rats induced by Staphylococcus aureus. The 740MBq (20 mCi) 99mTc-UBI 29-41 samples were reconstituted by boiling water bath or ultrasound irradiation technique. The 99mTc-UBI 29-41 samples were administrated intravenously to the infected rats. Then qualitative and quantitative studies have been performed. The ITLC and radio-HPLC studies have demonstrated the 99mTc-UBI 29-41 samples with good yields could be prepared by new developed technique. All affected foot’s rats could be visualized by scintigraphy imaging. The imaging studies have indicated that the radiotracer samples prepared due to the above mentioned modalities shows very identical bio distribution in the infected rats. The ultrasound irradiation technique is convenient and efficient method to reconstitute the 99mTc-UBI 29-41 kits. It can be recommended as alternative method to prepare infection-seeking radiotracer samples in radioisotope imaging in the clinical practice.

Anaerobic infection is usually polymicrobial in nature and has a significant role in mortality and morbidity of CNS infection. The bacteriology of Brain abscess is complex and consist of polymicrobialanerobic infections. We aimed to study the rate of isolation, poly microbial nature, association of predisposing factors and sensitivity pattern of obligate and facultative anaerobes in Brain abscess cases. This study was conducted in St Johns medical college, Bengaluru from January 2009 - June 2015.Total 30 samples were processed for the aerobic and anaerobic culture following the standard protocol. Out of 30 samples, 21 yielded the growth of pathogenic organisms. Obligate anaerobes were the major pathogens which were isolated from Brain abscess at the rate of 50% and Peptostreptococcus spp (10/26) was the most common obligate anaerobe other than Bacteroidesfragilis,Fusobacteriumspp, Prevotella spp etc. Chronic suppurativeotitis media was the common predisposing factor associated with Brain abscess other than congenital heart disease (CHD), Diabetes mellitus, sinusitis, etc. Polymicrobial synergism was most commonly associated with the obligate anaerobes contributing upto (46.6%) when compared to facultative anaerobes. Three pus aspirates yielded the growth of aseptatezygomycotic fungii and two cases having a fatal outcome of death. Antibiotic sensitivity of Bacteroidesfragilis showed intrinsic resistance for Penicillin and Microaerophilic streptococci showed intrinsic resistance to metronidazole. This study signifies about the polymicrobial obligate anaerobic infection in brain abscess and its association with the predisposing conditions like CSOM, sinusitis, CHD etc. Also it is important to look for the sensitivity pattern in complicated cases which helps in evidence based therapy. Hence this will results into better clinical outcome decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with CNS infections.

An unusual case of simultaneous presence of supernumerary teeth in primary and permanent dentition is presented and discussed. Presence of supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition itself is a rare phenomenon. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid complications.

Complete denture with an acrylic denture base is a successful treatment modality for many edentulous cases, but there are repeated episodes of fracture due to reasons of occlusal disharmony, flexure and fatigue as a result of alveolar resorption and impact as a result of dropping the denture. Denture reinforcements in form of metal mesh though a suitable alternative for alleviating fracture episodes; it exposes the metallic component in certain areas and hence affects the overall patient compliance. In situations where extensive resorption of the residual ridge has occurred, it is not uncommon to have a buccolingual width of 5 mm or less. The potential for denture fracture is therefore inherent commonly in anterior region. This case report aims at using an economical and less time consuming procedure for reinforcement by use of metal mesh and technique to avoid metallic display in mandibular complete denture.

In the present work, novel derivatives of veratric acid (V1- V34) were synthesized and tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli as well as antifungal activity against fungal strains Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by standard serial dilution method using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as reference compounds in case of antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. The IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data of the synthesized compounds were found in agreement with the assigned molecular structures. The investigation of antimicrobial screening data revealed that most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against all bacteria and fungi used in the study. Compounds (V2, V21, V25, V28) demonstrated most significant activity against C. albicans (MIC=6.25 µg/ml). The outcome of the study suggested that the test compound V28 may be utilized as potential antimicrobial agent against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, C. albicans and A. niger. mt-QSAR investigation with linear regression analysis was applied to find the relationship between chemical structures and biological activities of a series of analogs quantitatively. mt-QSAR studies revealed that antimicrobial activity of these synthesized derivatives against microorganisms under test mainly governed by topological parameters [valence zero order molecular connectivity index Vkier’s alpha second order shape index (2)] and electronic parameter [total energy (Te)].

Spontaneous renal pelvis rupture (SRPR) is extremely uncommon and thought as a nontraumatic leakage of the urine from the renal pelvis. It is usually secondary to calculus causing obstruction. A clear differentiation between the forniceal rupture and upper ureter/ renal pelvis becomes very important as both course and treatment are different. Around seventy percent of ureteric stones are present in the distal ureter. Effective treatment of distal ureteric stone is by keeping the patient under observation and medication. These stones usually pass spontaneously under observation: however, some causes complication like urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis and abnormal renal function. Spontaneous perforation of the renal pelvis is a rare condition that leads diagnostic and therapeutic problems. We present a case report of male patient who is under conservative treatment presenting as spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis with urinoma formation.

Research has now established that a thorough understanding of the implant related complications is essential if implant retained restorations are to be employed predictably. Biological complications in implant dentistry are referred to as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis, if not successfully treated, may lead to complete disintegration and implant loss. Bacteria, mainly Gram-negative anaerobes are an essential factor for the onset and progression of peri-implantitis. However, the disease is probably the result of interplay of several factors that may influence the host inflammatory response, including smoking, stress, genetic variation in relevant genes (polymorphism), occlusal overload, impaired healing, poor surgical technique, poor bone quality and poor prosthesis design. Diagnosis is based on changes of colour in the gums, bleeding and probing depth of periimplant pockets, suppuration, x-ray and gradual loss of bone height around the tooth. Therapeutic objectives focus on correcting technical defects by means of surgery and decontamination techniques such as abrasion with carbon particles, citric acid solution, topical tetracycline application and laser surgery.

India today is a booming economy and the third fastest growing in the world. At one level, India hopes to become a major force at the global stage, yet, over one third of income is spent towards food and related consumption and hence, social security support for health, education, housing etc. becomes critical. However, since independence, little has changed in context to changing the social security situation in the country. Though the government has taken numerous steps towards improving the living standards and the health situation of citizens in India, the impact has not been as profound as anticipated. The government of India has been making efforts through a galaxy of programs and initiatives over the years to improve the health situation of the nation. In the wake of the Alma Atta declaration of ‘Health for All by 2000’, these efforts have gained substantial momentum. Though efforts are being made in the right direction, more needs to be done to achieve the desired goal set by the governments. The current paper is a review of the major health problems plaguing the nation in the present era.

The purpose of this review of literature was to examine studies on “Gender and Indian Hospital Industry.” Five main themes were developed during the process of this review, namely, Gender and leadership, Factors resulting in gender bias, Future female leadership, Solutions adopted to resolve gender bias, and last theme was Gender and hospital Industry. Result shows lack of Indian literature on gender and leadership from the hospital industry. Thus, this review recommends researchers to conduct studies on gender and leadership in relation to ‘Indian hospital industry’.

In the present study the methanolic extract of Artocarpus hirsutus Lam., Cinnamomum wightii Meisner, Diopyros paniculata Dalz., Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robs. Garcinia indica Choiss, Michelia nilagrica Zenk. Rhododendron arboreum (Zenk.) Tagg.) leaves were evaluated against Culex quinquefasciatus. Artocarpus hirsutus, Cinnamomum wightii, Diopyros paniculata, Garcinia gummi-gutta, Garcinia indica, Michelia nilagrica and Rhododendron arboreum leaves extract were tested for their biological, larvicidal, pupicidal, antiovipositional activity, repellency and deformities against Culex quinquefasciatus. The larval, pupal and adult mortality were increased significantly with increasing levels of plants leaves extract concentrations. The adult emergency also significantly affects by the treatment of all the plant leaves extract. The larval and pupal duration were extended by the treatment of all the plant leaves extract. Adult longevity and fecundity were greatly reduced after the treatment of plant extracts. At 4% the Diopyros paniculata leaves extract showed strong oviposional deterrency. The Diopyros paniculata leaves extract treatment significantly enhanced repellency activity.

Human pathogenic bacteria have employed high levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) with enhanced morbidity and mortality. MDR develop hindrance in disease control by intensifying the possibility of spreading of resistant pathogens, thus, declining efficacy of treatment. MDR in bacterial infections has impaired the current antimicrobial therapy and demanding the search for other alternatives. Search for natural product extracting from high valued medicinal plants are the alternative source for discovery of new drugs useful against MDR bacteria. Henceforward, this study is designed to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus Vulgaris in comparison with commercial antibiotic discs using disc diffusion method. Different fractions of eight high valued medicinal plants were screened. The fractionated extract of Chenopodium album, Quercusincana, Zizipus jujube leaves, Zizipus jujube Flower, Grevillea robusta, Corydalis govaniana, Solanum nigrum showed antibacterial activity confirming through zone of inhibition ranging from 0-18.3 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus Vulgaris. While Trifoliumrepens, Lamoniumcabuliciumfailed to control bacterial growth on disc diffusion. We suggest that the protocol used in this study is useful for the investigation of more plants used for antibacterial activity and plant having active natural products serve as a source for antibacterial compounds.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of medical disorders in 60-90 year old elderly from Mumbai city, India Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in 99 (males 48) elderly with the mean age of 71.2±7.2 years. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information regarding prevalence of medical disorders in elderly. Analyses were performed using SPSS software and P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A very high prevalence of dental problems (49.5%), vision problem (40.4%), bloating (36.4%), migraine (30.3%) and hypertension (29.3%) was seen in the study. Heartburn (26.3%), back pain (24.2%), hyperlipidemia (22.2%), swollen legs, (20.2%) muscle pain (18.2%), impaired memory (18.2%), chest pain (17.2%), claudication (16.2%), dizziness (16.2%), skin rashes (16.2%), abdominal pain (15.2%), numbness (14.1%) and nausea (9.1%) was also high. Diabetes was present in 11.1% elderly and 3% suffered from thyroid disorders. Female elderly had significantly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, loss of conscious, dizziness and impaired memory as compared to male elderly (p<0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental and disorders are prevalent in elderly. Female elderly are at higher risk of developing mental health disorders and hyperlipidemia. Medical awareness camps should be conducted to detect and help elderly with medical disorders.

Preliminary screening was carried out on Baphia nitida to establish the presence of certain bioactive compounds. Alcohol extract of fresh leaves of B. nitida was obtained and several identification tests, each specific for detecting the presence of a particular chemical compound were carried out, using standard techniques, on the alcohol extract. The chemical compounds tested for include alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponnins, flavonoids, reducing compounds, polyphenols, phlobatinnins and anthraquinones. The results showed that polyphenols showed heavy presence and alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins and reducing compounds were present in light amounts. The findings of this test present a rough estimation of the biological (pharmacological) activities of leaf extract of B. nitida. Practically, the actual biological (pharmacological) activities of the individual compounds can only be determined by isolating and testing of these compounds on experimental animals

During post green revolution, indiscriminate use of chemicals in agriculture and their adverse effect on soil health and environment has created an alarming situation. A situation has resulted which urgently demands an environmentally safe, sustainable and simultaneously, economically viable production system. This indeed is essential for optimizing production and the same time to minimize threat to environment. Considering the importance of the study, the objective, to portray the agro-chemicals use pattern of tomato growers in controlling insect-pests and diseases was undertaken. The study was conducted in Hooghly district of West Bengal. For the selection of area and respondents of the present investigation, multi-stage random sampling technique and universe method were adopted. The study indicates that majority of the respondents were literate (85%), majority of the respondents (58%) had 1.1 to 4.0 bigha of own cultivable land, majority of respondents (60%) had 0.6 to 2.0 bighas of vegetable cultivable land, majority of respondents (65%) were related with vegetable cultivation up to 20 years, majority of respondents (66%) had up to 20 years of experience on application of agro-chemicals on vegetable crops. Generally, leaf eating caterpillar, fruit borer, mealy bug and white fly were seen on tomato cultivation. In case of disease, the main diseases were-seedling rot, late blight, fruit rot and leaf curl. The respondents used various brands of various chemicals with several doses to control the insect-pests and diseases. Mainly infestation of insect-pests and diseases was seen on mature stage of the crop. In seedling stage the respondents applied 30-40 litres of water for spraying chemicals whereas at mature stage, it was 80-100 litre of water. Majority of the respondents (70%) applied chemicals 2-7 days interval whereas the spraying was most preferred method of application of agro-chemicals (100%). Respondents got information regarding use of agro-chemicals mainly from agricultural input retailers at the time of purchasing of chemicals. Therefore, on the basis of the present investigation, the various extension agencies those are working in the study area should reorient their extension strategies accordingly.

Fifteen F2’s along with 8 parents were used to estimate genetic variability and heritability among 11 developmental, growth, yield and yield related attributes in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) during rabi 2012-13. The magnitude of genotypic variance as well as genotypic coefficient of variation were low as compared to both of phenotypic variance as well as phenotypic coefficient of variation indicating thereby, the influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highest phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for number of fruits per cluster followed by, number of fruits per plant, average weight of fruit and fruit yield per plant suggesting that usefulness of phenotypic selection in improving these traits. The estimates of heritability in broad sense were high for number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, width of fruit, days to initiation of flowering, length of fruit, fruit yield per plant and days to last picking while the moderate estimates of heritability was recorded for average weight of fruit, days to first picking, plant height and number of primary branches per plant. High heritability coupled with genetic advance was recorded for fruit yield per plant revealed that the presence of lesser environmental influence and prevalence of additive gene action in their expression.

The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais is largely widespread maize pest across the world. It causes important losses of stored maize grain since infestation starts in field and continues in storage. Therefore, an environmentally safe and economically feasible pest control practice needs to be available. The effect of Acacia polyacantha and Hymenocardia acida wood ashes, Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder and diatomaceous earth (Fossil Shield) was assessed on the development of the immature stages (egg, larva and pupa) and the fecundity of S. zeamais. Ten couples of insects were introduced in maize treated with sublethal contents to allow egg-laying. The number of eggs was counted after staining of infested grain. The batches of infested grain with different immature stages were treated with three contents of each powder. The number of adult emerged was recorded. The number of eggs laid by treated insects decreased slightly by increasing of product content. The application of wood ashes, leaf powder and diatomaceous earth did not suppress completely the development of immature stages. However the number of insects emerging from different stages was considerably reduced compared to the control (0 g/kg). Not significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed concerning the number of insects emerging from different stages at 0 g/kg. The four insecticidal materials substantially reduced the fecundity and the development of immature stages.

Water is the most precious natural source on our planet, solid waste disposal will increase the contamination in drinking water sources. Hyderabad, the second largest city of Sindh province is situated on the left bank of Indus River. It was observed that the large volume of refuse is left and burned in the premises of the main drinking water sources of Hyderabad and this raw water is supplied to consumers, causing water borne disease outbreaks. Water samples were collected from inlet and out let filter plants of study area, at locations Hyderabad. pH, Conductivity, Salinity, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)and Turbidity were analyzed on the spot. While other quality parameter such as Arsenic, Chlorides, Fecal coliforms, Total Coliforms and E.coli were also analyzed using standard methods. The bacteriological result shows that the all samples contain unacceptable number of coliforms bacteria. The microbiological contaminants and other causative agents are major problem of the community the government must have to take necessary steps for Safe drinking water.

The aim of this research work was to assess the aflatoxin contamination of wheat during the storage time therefore wheat samples were collected with different time intervals i-e May, July and October 2014 from upper, central and bottom sack of the same selected stack from 11 public godowns of Hyderabad Division, for Mycological study of aflatoxin in stored wheat stock samples. The results revealed that percentage frequency of aflatoxin producing fungi (Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus) was found increased in the bottom portion during the month of October in comparison to upper and central portions of the months May and July, and higher concentration of afllatoxin were found in the higher frequency percentile samples that is Bolhari, Dadu, Aarazigodowns showed 22ng/g concentration of aflatoxin whereas K.N shah and Sehwan having concentration of about 23ng/g, the percentage of moisture in highly contaminated wheat samples were also noted high i-e 13.7, 14.8, 14.9, 14.5 and 14.6% respectively. In proximate findings no such effect was seen in crude fiber and fat but protein (11.99%) and moisture (8.56%) showed lower value at the bottom sack wheat in the samples that showed higher contamination. Wet and dry gluten was found low in all portions of sacks but among all portions the bottom sacks showed more decreased i-e 22.11% in wet and 9.67% in dry gluten due to high contamination in wheat samples taken in the month of October. It was concluded that Aflatoxin producing fungi develop their colonies along with increasing storage time in godowns due to moisture, temperature and change of weather such as monsoon, which was observed the most favorable condition for growing their colonies contaminating the wheat and making it unsuitable for human consumption.

A signifying step towards the identification of morbidity at community level need an interview-based diagnosis, several frame works, standardized scale and instrument focus on reproductive health. More recently, both biological and socio-economic landmarks bracketing the morbidity status of adulthood have moved in opposite directions. Objective: 1. To assesses the underweight and obesity of the subjects on the basis of their anthropometric measurements. 2. To elicit anemia by using biochemical parameters. 3. To find out the level of self-esteem, anxiety and depression among women. Methodology: The study conducted in urban area of Varanasi city. The approaches adopted for the study was cross-sectional one. For these study 310 women belonging to reproductive age groups (15 to 49 years) except more than four months pregnant women (i.e. excluded from the study) was selected from four Mohall’s of Varanasi city by adopting multistage random sampling procedure. The tools in the study were pre-designed and pre-tested schedule comprising of family and individual schedule for measuring the anthropometric measuring and biochemical estimation. Self esteem, Anxiety and depression level was assessed by questionnaire method using pre-designed and pre-tested inventory. Result: under nutrition in women (15-49 years) of age has been higher (i.e. 71.5%) than the present study In this study prevalence of obesity was 1.29% and 7.42% using previous WHO criteria and proposed asian criteria, respectively The study has shown that psychological morbidity on the criteria of scale of self esteem, anxiety state-trait and depression were 31.94%, 32.58%, 30.65% and 20.97%, respectively. Majority of women 54.52% had normal in all psychological parameter and 0.32% showed abnormal psychological status in all psychological parameter.

Homework is regarded as school work which is assigned by teachers to complete outside the school time to help them develop confidence and motivate them to study more. It encompasses a number of activities like a period of reading to be performed, writing to be completed, problems to be solved, a project to be prepared or other skills to be practiced. It increases the level of knowledge and improves the abilities and skills of the students. The present study was undertaken to study the attitude of school students towards homework and to find out if there is any gender difference in the attitude towards homework. The sample comprised of 80 school students between the age group of 14 –15 years( class-IX) drawn from the Jorhat district of Assam. The Attitude Scale towards Homework (ASTH) developed by Mishra (2006) was administered to collect the necessary information. It can be highlighted from the findings that majority of the respondents (67.5%) had neutral attitude towards homework, while 20 per cent of the respondents had favourable attitude and 12.5 per cent of the respondents had unfavourable attitude towards homework. It was also found that more number of girls (25%) had favourable attitudes towards homework than that of boys (18.75) and similarly more number of boys (31.25%) had unfavourable attitude towards homework than that of girls (12.5%).

Ibrahimpatnam Lake, which is Fresh water Lake, was taken up for ecological investigation, over a span of one year. According to Bruvold and Panborn 1966 the waters of Ibrahimpatnam Lake at 1 and site2, are unacceptable for drinking purpose. According to BIS 1983 and WHO 1984 the water quality is beyond the permissible limit and cannot be used for driking purpose.

It is essential for consumers to know about the nutrition information because it can help them to choose healthier food and to avoid contents or ingredients that they are allergic to. It is important that consumers have basic nutrition knowledge first, before appreciating nutrition labelling. The utilisation of food labels and nutrition information on food packages by consumers has been the focus of a number of recent studies. Scientific reports link trans-fats with raising blood LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels, which increase the risk of coronary heart disease. To date few studies have explored consumers’ perception of trans-fat following the recent government policies and media influences regarding trans-fat labelling and guidelines. The study was conducted among the teaching staff of Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia. In order to give equal chance for all staff being included in the sample, the different colleges in the University are considered as different strata and proportionate random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. In this study, the response rate was 38% i.e. 81 respondents gave their response. From the study it was found that taste and habit were the two major factors that motivated the respondents to choose the foods. The awareness of food label and nutrient information was more. Even though the awareness of nutrient information was high, the utilization of nutrient information on shopping was comparatively low. The awareness of trans-fat among the respondent was very low. Therefore, the government should formulate action plans to create awareness of trans-fat among the people.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has quickly expanded in ubiquity in the course of the most recent forty years. It appreciates solid observational backing, and the assemblage of examination into its adequacy is growing with every passing year. Cognitive behavioral treatment holds an exceptional status in the field of emotional wellness treatment that addresses the relationship between how we think, feel and go ahead. There is creating eagerness for the Cognitive model of psychotherapy empowered by an expansive collection of examination disclosures demonstrating its ampleness for a varied game plan of psychiatric issue and remedial conditions. CBT is a procedure of instructing, guiding, and fortifying positive practices. This paper tosses some light on present day systems of Cognitive behavioral treatment for bipolar disorders, schizophrenia and trichotillomania.

This paper proposes to construct a wind turbine that has a very low cut in speeds and aims to optimize the earlier model of Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). A wind turbine is a device which is generally used to convert wind energy into mechanical energy, which is in turn converted into electrical energy. Wind turbines are broadly classified into two types: Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). For the optimization of the earlier model of VAWT, using the curved blades made of acryl polymer which reduces the drag force and overcomes the problem of poor starting. In VAWT, the mechanical power generation equipment can be located at ground level, so it makes the maintenance easy and they are omni-directional (they do not need to be pointed in the direction of the wind to produce power).

Chemical kinetic modelling is a concept for modelling chemical reactions by studying the reaction mechanism. The hydrogenation reaction of phenol was carried out using titnia supported ruthenium catalyst at 323 K and 2.07 Mpa hydrogen pressure. A Langmuir– data and a fundamental modeling approach that will enhance understanding of the reaction rate equations. Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) model was proposed. The study provides both extensive and data and a fundamental modeling approach that will enhance understanding of the reaction rate equations.

A pot culture study was conducted during 2014(Oct) to2015(Jan) in Theri soil. Theri lands are located along the coastal areas of Tuticorin district of Tamilnadu, South India. Proper management of the land is difficult because of its poor quality structure, low nutrition, meagre moisture holding capacity, low value of organic content, and high value of hydraulic conductivity. The permeability of water in theri soil is high and is not suitable for agriculture which is presently considered as a wasteland. The objective is to nurse the soil back to health and reclaim the soil, Farm Yard Manure (FYM) is amended with theri soil to reduce the fertility constraints of the soil. The effect of soil physical properties were investigated by ameliorating the soil with Farm Yard Manure. The experiment was laid out in a pot culture with ten treatments replicated thrice. In order to reduce soil Physical constraints and to make the soils fit for sustained water availability and large agricultural applications, different proportions of FYM tried on soil and the Physical and Physico -chemical parameters which brings the soil cultivable are studied and their inter relationships were determined.

This study examined the performance of the adsorbents created from the pie of Crambe abyssinica Hochst and its adsorption capacity for removal of metal ions Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) from contaminated water. Firstly, crambe pie was obtained, dried, milled and sifted for standardization of its particle size. The crambe biomass was chemically modified with H2O2, H2SO4 and NaOH by solutions of 0.1 mol L-1. After this step were performed the adsorption tests aimed to determine the best conditions of pH, adsorbent mass, and contact time between adsorbent/adsorbate to the removal of the metals Cd, Pb and Cr. From these preliminary results were obtained the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔH, ΔG and ΔS. It is observed that the modifying solutions were effective in the modification of adsorbents, resulting in adsorbent materials of high capacity. It is noted an equilibrium time for Cd, Pb and Cr about 40 minutes. By the obtained results can be concluded that the modified crambe pie are excellent adsorbent materials, renewable, with high availability and low cost, being an attractive alternative for industrial use in advanced treatment systems, for removal of metals as Cd, Pb and Cr.

The prices of conventional fuel used for domestic purpose is rising day by day at a fast rate. Biomass is an alternative source of energy which is renewable in nature. Biomass is used for cooking purpose from several centuries. In India, simple rice husk stoves are in use from a long time which is cheap but it emits tiny, rich in silica ash particles in the flue gas. It causes health problems to the user. In this project, an attempt has made to design and fabricate a user-friendly, eco-friendly and economical rice husk gasifier stove. New rice husk gasifier stove generates luminous blue flame having thermal efficiency around 29% similar to LPG stove. This stove will be helpful for people in rice growing rural areas where abundant quantity of rice husk is available. The main objective of this work is to help rural families for whom LPG stove is not affordable and where indoor air pollution is common due to traditional cooking methods. This gasifier has ability to consume 3.5 kg of rice husk per batch and it operates 60 minutes to 80 minutes. By using this stove, one time meal for a family of 6-7 peoples can be cooked.

Physics is not only collection of the facts and principals but it describes how the physics universe behaves. The various principles of physics are now have also been found to be very useful to tackle the problems in non physical sciences. This paper is recollecting the ideas of Physics to find a growing applicability in almost all walks of life and finding remedies in all the problems / threats faced by the society all over the globe.

With the availability of easy and inexpensive methods to create and store images in digital formats, the visual information preserved and shared electronically has grown dramatically. Since the non-textual information like images, audio and video preserved in digital format are increasing day by day, effective applications to manage and retrieve these content are essential, which are commonly known as content based image retrieval (CBIR). Firstly, keyword annotation is labor intensive, and it is not even possible when large sets of images are to be indexed. Secondly, these annotations are drawn from a predefined set of keywords which cannot cover all possible concepts images may represent. Finally, keywords assignment is subjective to the person making it. This paper focuses on color based image retrieval to develop a system that uses the color as a visual feature to represent the images. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of color-based retrieval, color histogram method has been proposed. Experimental results show that the color histogram features containing spatial structural relations are robust to image translation, scaling and rotation, and for retrieval of visually similar object from the image sequences, the color histogram method gives good retrieval precision with speed.

A three-dimensional study of steady laminar natural convection in partially top vented enclosure is investigated numerically. A discrete heat source mounted on the substrate at the bottom wall is used to simulate an electronic component. Three types of heat source are used with vent aspect ratio ranging from 0.0 to 0.1. The problem is described by continuity, momentum and energy partial differential equations, which are expressed in Cartesian coordinates system. The proposed governing equations are transformed to a set of dimensionless partial differential equations which, is solved with finite difference technique. A computer program is developed to solve the present proposed mathematical model. Solutions are obtained for Rayleigh number ranging from 1.0×104 to 1.0×106, enclosure aspect ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 and Prandtl number 0f 0.7. The resulting flow and temperature patterns are discussed. Accordingly, the values of Nusselt number for different values of problem parameters are obtained. Comparisons between the present obtained results and the previous theoretical studies are performed for different values of problem parameters.

The performance of banking activity through internet has become a necessity since internet become popular among all age group. According to Internet and Mobile Association of India, 30% of respondents have a relationship with one bank, 60% with 2-3 banks, 8% with 4-5 banks and 2% with more than six banks. The survey conducted by them also pointed out that nearly 29% of respondents do not use online banking as they have concerns about the privacy of information. People are increasingly using net banking for a wide variety of purposes, as it is very convenient. Online banking has a major role to play in capital market transactions too. This paper explores the familiarity of internet banking services among the general public. The study indicates that even though this service provides a number of benefits to the stakeholders importance to be given to certain factors in order to explore the minds of stakeholders.

Reproductive health is an integral part of general health and a core feature of human development. It reflects the health of a woman during her childhood, and is crucial during adolescence and adulthood, as the status of her health, nutrition, and access to healthcare determines the newborn’s health. Pregnancy during adolescence is a result of the lack of knowledge, education, experience, income, and power relative to older women, and is considered as child pregnancy. A cross-sectional slum based study was carried out in six slums of Delhi among 300 respondents who had ever given live birth. Results showed that 76.9 percent of the women had at least one child. Public source of availing Ante Natal Care (ANC) services were high. As services have been improved and are better facilitated, it has added a push for institutional deliveries. Along with free medicines and free check-up are lucrative for poor women, as almost 56.9 per cent of women utilised ANC services from government hospital and 33.1 percent from the government dispensary. Most of the deliveries were institutional deliveries which is safer than that of home deliveries, which is recognized as critical for reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality. The regression analysis showed number of visits for ANC comes out to be highly significant as the number of ANC visits increase, probability of low birth weight of babies’ decreases. The association between low birth weight and socio-economic factors was found significant. The standard of living index was also associated with better pregnancy outcomes as lower the standard of living or economic status of the household, more will be the probability of low birth weight. The study also shows that among all the six slums more than 80 percent of the women had normal delivery. There is an urgent need for improving reproductive health at school and community level for adolescent living in slums of Delhi to reduce the maternal and infant mortality.

Forensic accounting has come into limelight due to rapid increase in financial frauds and white-collar crimes. The integration of accounting, auditing and investigative skills creates the specialty, known as forensic accounting. In fact, forensic accounting is the ‘specialty’ practice area of accounting that describes engagements, which result from actual or anticipated disputes or litigation. ‘Forensic’ means “suitable for use in a court of law,” and it is to that standard and potential outcome that forensic accountants generally have to work. It uses accounting, auditing, and investigative skills to conduct investigations, and thefts and frauds cases. No doubt, FA is listed among the top-20 careers of the future. Initially, forensic accountants were used by government agencies to uncover and investigate leading frauds. They became financial detectives; independent experts employed by management to uncover fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriated assets. In the current reporting environment, forensic accountants are in great demand for their accounting, auditing, legal, and investigative skills. They can play a vital role in coordinating company efforts to achieve a cohesive policy of ethical behavior within an organization. The article aims at finding the role and importance of forensic accounting and a forensic accountant in detecting frauds.

Global climate change may increase sea level as much as 1m over the next century and in some stretches and also augmented the frequency and severity of storms. Hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of coastal wetlands and other lowlands could be submerged. Beaches could move back as much as a few hundred meters and protective structures may be breached. Flooding would threaten lives, agriculture, livestock, buildings and infrastructures. Saltwater would advance landward into aquifers and up estuaries threatening water supplies, ecosystems and agriculture in some areas. Some nations are particularly vulnerable. Even in nations that are not on the whole predominantly vulnerable to sea level rise, some areas could be dangerously threatened. Examples include India, Bangladesh and other areas economically dependent on fisheries or sensitive to changes in estuarine habitats. As a result of present population growth and development coastal areas worldwide are under rising pressure. In addition augmented exploitation of non-renewable resources is debasing the purposes and values of coastal zones in many parts of the world. Consequently, populated coastal areas are becoming more and more susceptible to sea level rise and other impacts of climate change. Even a minute rise in sea level could have unfavorable effects. So the sustainable coastal zone management is necessary instantly in the low lying coastal zone. The approaches of the sustainable coastal zone management are described in the present attempt.

The banking industry in India has a huge canvas of history, which covers the traditional banking practices from the time of Britishers to the reforms period. Therefore, banking in India has been through a long journey. Today banking is known as innovative banking. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Information Technology has had a positive impact on substitutes for traditional funds movement services. With networking and interconnection new challenges are arising related to security privacy and confidentiality to transactions. In this paper, an attempt is made to explain the changing banking scenario. The study also identifies the challenges and opportunities for the Indian banking sector in changing banking scenario.

The deplorable status of the socially oppressed, culturally neglected and economically exploited Dalits has led them to paucity, subjugation and dehumanisation, culminating them into cultural silence. The plight of a Dalit becomes all the more pathetic when the Dalit is a woman. She has to face not only the caste discrimination, but the gender inequalities and economic disparities too. A Dalit woman is thrice- marginalised – by Caste-Hindus, Caste Hindu women and Dalit men themselves simultaneously. Although Dalit movement started in mid-nineteenth century for the upliftment of these marginalised communities, issues of Dalit women are still neglected not only by mainstream feminist literary movement, but also by patriarchal Dalit movement. Nowadays women have started protesting against the discrimination and injustices levelled upon them and are trying to create a female space for themselves. In the post-Ambedkar period, Dalit women used literature as a weapon to counter the mainstream feminist writings that include the genres like poetry, short story, essays novel and autobiography.

The general objective of the study was to determine how employee’s performance could be enhanced through effective application of Health, Safety and Welfare Facilities at the School of Medical Sciences KNUST, Kumasi. The study used the descriptive survey design. The population for the study were all the staffs in the medical school. The total population amounted to 188. One hundred and thirty (130) staffs out of the total population were sampled for the study. This constituted about 69 per cent of the entire population. This was made possible by the use of Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula for sample size determination from a given population. The stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and the simple random sampling techniques were used to select study participants. Questionnaire administration was the data collection method employed for the study. The specific instrument used was questionnaire. The questionnaire was made of both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Out of the total of one hundred and thirty questionnaires distributed, 125 were retrieved representing 96 per cent response rate. The data obtained was analysed using graphs and cross-tabulation. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was the software used for the analysis. The study found that most of the staffs were aware of a facility responsible for First Aid as required by Health and Safety and Welfare conditions / regulations but unfortunately, the majority of the staff appeared ignorant about the frequency of health checks which is very necessary for employees. Since regular health checks has the potential of diagnosing or identifying health conditions or disease states of the staff, the study recommended that education on health checks be intensified at the School.

Families are one of the strongest socializing forces in life. They teach children to control unacceptable behaviour, to delay gratification, and to respect the rights of others. Conversely, families can teach children aggressive, antisocial, and violent behaviour. The study aimed at determining the influence of parenting styles on delinquency among juveniles in rehabilitation centres in Nakuru town, Kenya. The ex post facto research design was applied since the Juveniles have already left their homes. The study was conducted in the Juvenile Institutions in Nakuru town, Kenya. Nakuru town has three juvenile delinquent institutions composed of 209 juveniles. The sample size of 161 juveniles aged between ten to nineteen years was drawn from the three institutions. Purposive sampling method was used in selecting these Juvenile Institutions. The researcher administered questionnaire to the juvenile delinquents in order to collect information on their previous parental experiences. Validity of the instruments was verified using expert opinion while the reliability was measured using a pilot study at Molo Probation and Aftercare Centre. Cronbach’s Alpha method was applied to test internal consistency of the instrument. A reliability coefficient of 0.707 was realised. Descriptive statistics frequency tables and percentages were used to analyse data with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 for windows. Results revealed that parenting styles influence juvenile delinquency. Parents need to adopt authoritative parenting style, high in warmth and high in control, in order to reduce juvenile delinquency trends. Parents need to spend more time with their children and encourage interpersonal communication. The findings from the researcher suggest further research on the influence of modern society on juvenile delinquency.

This paper proposes a novel approach to track the solar position and hence, a suitable position for adjusting the orientation of a Photo-voltaic array so as to attain more energy than an array in fixed position. The approach implements Kalman Filter algorithm to track maximum power-point (MPPT), motor position and piston position. The finite state machine includes five states and is Mealy machine. Using the proposed technique, MPPT can be tracked to an efficiency of 97% within a time as low as 4.5ms. The position of PV array is tracked with an error of ±2%. Experiments have been carried out in partially shaded and falling irradiance level conditions, and it was found that the proposed method is simple as well as cost effective in comparison to systems using GPS to track the position.

Learning disability (LD) is defined as the brain’s inability to receive process, analyze or store information. Dyscalculia is difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic such as difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, and learning math’s facts. It is generally seen as a specific developmental disorder like dyslexia. Dyscalculia is a mathematical learning disorder where the mathematical ability is far below expected for a person’s age, intelligence and education. This study explored assessment of learning disability (dyscalculia) among school going children. The study sample comprised 60 school going children (boys and girls) of different boards (CBSE, ICSE, UP) from three private schools at Lucknow city. The dyscalculia children were assessed through standardized Learning Disability Battery Part I was used to screen dyscalculia children. The reliability and validity of the scale was .82 and .69 respectively. The results revealed significant difference between type of board and category of dyscalculia. The study highlights the need to educate parents and teachers about learning disabilities (dyscalculia, dysdraphia, dyslexia etc), and to strengthen the social support network of these children’s families.

This research has to give an answer to the questions that have a causality relation with the better educational achievements of the people from other ethnic groups. I have chiefly considered the parents’ social status which means that I will mostly look into the parents’ level of education, although this status encompasses much more. The basic aim of the research is to examine the differences of students’ educational achievements based on ethnicity in the Primary Schools in Macedonia. The research is realized through determination of the connection between the educational achievements of the students from other ethnic groups in Macedonian primary schools and their parents’ education. The analysis of the results has shown that there are differences in the students’ achievements, and those differences are answer to the questions concerning the level of parents’ education as one of the reasons for students’ underachievement. The method used for the research is a hybrid, and quantity and quality approaches have been used.

Terminalia arjuna Bedd. is a slow growing plant and it takes minimum four/five years after plantation to take up silkworm rearing on these plants. Present study reports for the first time propagation technique of Lagerstroemia speciosa for rearing of tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta D. on the foliage of L. speciosa vis a vis Terminalia arjuna. Rooting percentage did not differ much during various seasons in L. speciosa. Most suitable months for vegetative propagation are from March to September. Days taken for rooting extended significantly during December in both the species. Results reveal that silkworm rearing on L. speciosa can be taken up after 2/3 years of plantation and two consecutive rearing can be conducted on same plants whereas T. arjuna takes 4-5 years and can sustain only one rearing in a year. First crop rearing results show that larval duration was slightly higher in L. speciosa (32 days) as compared to T. arjuna (28 days). Similar trend was observed during second crop also where larval duration was more in L. speciosa (52 days) as compared to T.arjuna (43 days). ERR (%) was almost similar on both the food plants in both crops. Silk ratio (%) was 13.08 in L. speciosa and 13.38 in T. arjuna. During second crop, silk ratio ranged between 14.55 % in T. arjuna to 14.96% in L. speciosa. There was slight difference in the filament length in the cocoons harvested on L. speciosa and T. arjuna but non-breakable filament length was almost similar in T. arjuna (366.25m) and L. speciosa (364.75m). Grainage behavior in L. speciosa was at par with T. arjuna. Therefore, it is concluded that L. speciosa can be taken up under block plantation/mixed plantations in rainfed areas for tropical tasar culture as it is easy to propagate and fast growing as compared to T.arjuna. Moreover, it has an added advantage over T. arjuna that two consecutive silkworm rearing can be taken up on the same plantation.

A line x tester analysis involving 112 test-cross hybrids and their parents was conducted in 12 environments for different agronomic traits from 2012 to 2014 in the Bimodal Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon. The hybrids were crosses between twenty-five inbred lines and three open-pollinated varieties with four testers. The objectives of the study were to estimate general and specific combining ability effects of the inbred lines and to identify heterotic groups of maize inbred lines under stress conditions, control and across environments. A simple lattice design 12 x 12 was used with two replications. Analysis of variance indicated significant mean squares due to line (GCA) for yield, plant aspect, ear aspect, ear height, plant height and anthesis – silking interval under acid soil conditions. The effect of the tester (GCA) was not significant for yield but line x tester (SCA) showed significant effect for all the traits taken under stress environment. The comparison of GCA sum of squares to SCA sum of squares showed that the contribution of SCA was higher for almost all the traits recorded under acid soil, control and across environments except for ear height in acid soil environments. Most of these traits were predominantly controlled by non-additive gene actions in their expression. SCA explained 68%, 73% and 53% of the total sum of squares among crosses under acid soil, control soil and across environments, for yield. Meaning that yield was mainly controlled by the non-additive genes than the additive gene in the study environments. This confers the advantage of exploiting heterosis to improve grain yield of maize hybrids. Four distinct heterotic groups were identified under acid soil and across environments.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common form of infection by aspergillus species among immune-compromised hosts, involving respiratory tract in 90% of cases. Although this infection frequently involves the lung parenchyma, it is unusual to find it limited to tracheobronchial tree, a condition known as invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis (IATB). Endobronchial Aspergillosis, a variant of Invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis, a rare manifestation, where disease is limited to tracheobronchial tree without invasion of lung parenchyma.

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration is a rare congenital malformation of lower respiratory tract that lacks normal communication with the tracheobronchial tree. In 1977, Huber stated that aberrant arterial supply of sequestered lung could be encountered. The term pulmonary sequestration was first used in 1946 by Pryce. It was also termed as bronchoarterial malinosculation by clements in 1987. It is a non functional mass composed of dysplastaic lung parenchyma, embryologically detached from the tracheobronchial tree and receiving its own blood supply from a systemic artery, usually 75% from thoracic or abdominal aorta and 25% of sequestrations receive their blood flow from the subclavian, intercostals, pulmonary, pericardiophrenic, innominate, internal mammary, celiac, splenic or renal artery. The venous drainage is variable (1) computed Tomography, magnetic resonance angiography are able to demonstrate the aberrant arterial vessel feeding the sequestration. The blood supply of 75% of pulmonary sequestrations is derived from the thoracicabdominal aorta. The remaining 25% of sequestrations receive their blood flow from the subclavian, intercostal, pulmonary, pericardiophrenic, innominate, internal mammary, celiac, splenic, or renal arteries.

Elderly population is considered as vulnerable group of population in the world. (World Population Prospects Sep’14 Census). Due to the changing trend towards nuclear families and materialism among the younger generation in modern industrial life led to a force on elderly to stay in old age homes. It has been observed that aged population in India needs recreational activities in the form of therapies especially music therapy which has got an effect on well being status of the elderly. The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of music therapy on psychological problems of the elderly residing in a selected geriatric and to associate the effect with selected demographic variables. The study was conducted in ‘Little Drops’ old age home (experimental group), and ‘Little Angles’ old age home (control group), Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A Quasi experimental design Pre-test/Post-test Control Group was used. Elderly samples of 101 in experimental group and 100 in control group were selected. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the samples. The effect of music therapy on psychological problems was assessed by using Subjective Well Being Inventory Scale, a modified WHO scale. Pre test was done before the intervention of administration of music therapy. It was administered to the participants who were included in listening to a predesigned instrumental music based on raga Malkauns, for duration of 22 minutes at a specified time in the evening for a period of 30 days. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study results revealed that, there is a significant relationship between the effect of music therapy and the level of well being among elderly; also showed a significant relationship between age and occupational status with the level of well being. The study concludes that training in the field of geriatrics and gerontology for Para professionals in counseling the elderly including music therapy beneficial effects on the problems of the elderly.

Bone marrow examination is the simplest, cheapest and most reliable method to diagnose most of the malignant and non malignant hematological disorders in a short span of time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of hematological diseases diagnosed by bone marrow examination among patients with suspected hematological disorder .This was a prospective study conducted on bone marrow aspirations and biopsies performed from 1st April 2013 to 30th September 2014. A total of 130 bone marrow aspirations + biopsy were studied during this time period. Age ranged from 15-80 years. There were 68 females and 62 males with female to male female ratio of almost 1:1. The most frequent indications for bone marrow examination were unexplained anemia or pancytopenia found in 80% of request forms. The most common hematological disorder encountered was anemia accounting for 62.3% of all cases. This was followed in order of frequency by acute leukemias (9.23%), plasma cell dyscrasias (6.92%), lymphoproliferative disorders (6.15%), Myeloproliferative disorder (6.15%), platelet disorders (3.84 %), and Myelodysplastic syndrome (2.3%). In addition metastatic deposits of adenocarcinoma were observed in 1.5% cases. The study provided a valuable insight into the pattern of involvement of bone marrow by various hematological disorders in our community.

In recent days the sexual crimes against children are more in numbers irrespective of age and gender. Researchers have proved that the child victims are often unaware of the sexual abuse and they are in a confused state without even knowing what is right or wrong behavior/touch. The crime is increasing more due to the growing number of dual career couples in all classes of people. Hence, they don’t find personal time for their kids to educate or create awareness on personal care, self-protection, and sexual crimes. Teachers are the second parents of many children, as per our Indian education system; there is a gap between the children and teachers in sharing the personal and social information. Home and School is the primary environment for a child to learn the needed life skills, hence people involved in these two environments should educate them with all necessary information which a child should know. Because, research says that the child who is abused in their childhood is the adults with more traumas in accepting a normal or successful life. Our paper was developed by referring various research studies happened in child sexual abuse. There were studies conducted for identifying the child victims, the authors of the paper were trying to you those methods a intervention tool in educating the children. The current will explain about the various methods and its pros and cons in application.

Death may be natural (resulting from disease) or unnatural deliberate action of other (homicide), intentionally self inflected (suicide), result of an environmental influence (accident). Female deaths due to unnatural causes, especially in the first few years of their married life, have been observed in Indian society for the last few decades. Present study is carried out at forensic medicine department, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Relevant information and subjective data like age, sex, habitat, and manner of death of various causes of death victims have been collected from medico legal autopsy register. Data are analyzed retrospective for periods of two and half years from January 2012 to July 2014 The aim of this study is to find out the pattern of unnatural deaths in female and the various factors associated with such deaths in Varanasi region and to out find remedial measures to bring down the incidence. Burn 834(51.74%) contribute most common cause and 21 to 40 year found to be the most common age group affected 880(54.60%). Female residing in rural area 1385(86.92%) and religion Hindu 1452(90.07%) were way more affected. Together, the two age groups i.e. 13-20 years & 21-40 years, constitutes an alarming 74.25% of the total female cases. Such unnatural death can be prevented by education, awareness, change in attitude and mindset of society etc.

Our recently published case reports (Lakatos et al., 2015) – together with other healthy and highly educated patients of the long-term (28-40 years) follow-up – suggest that D-Penicillamine /DPA/-therapy of newborn infants may have significant neuroprotective effects in cases jeopardized by bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).The first patient (42 ys)is now a member of a famous operahouse in Germany as an opera singer, the second one (16 ys) is excellent in music and matematics. These cases are all the more remarkable as the most common sequelae of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia /NHBI/ is the sensorineuralhearing impairment. These unexpected effects may be related to DPA capability to alter the most important gasotransmitters (nitric oxide /NO/ system, carbon monoxide /CO/, hydrogen sulfide /H2S/ biosynthesis, and copper /Cu+/ homeostasis in the brain, where Cu+ is an endogenous modulator of neural circuit spontaneous activity). According to our hypothesis DPA can modulate the function of these neurotransmitters and can protect the brain (especially the basal ganglia and retina) from injury, such as BIND and ROP.

Background: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has posed aserious public health challenge world-wide. Genetic re-assortments in the influenza virus cause fast and unpredictable leading to recurrent epidemics of febrile respiratory disease every 1 to 3 years. Aim & Objectives: To study the clinico-epidemiological profile of the swine flu influenza A H1N1. To study the certain epidemiological correlates affecting the outcome of disease. Material & Methods: A descriptive study conducted on suspected swine flu Influenza A H1N1 patients admitted in infectious disease ward (IDW). The personal interview technique combined with clinical examination was done uniformly using the pre-tested structured questionnaire. Results: Out of total patients admitted in IDW, 60.34% were females & 39.66% were males. 55.17% of patients were from urban area while 44.83% from rural area. Out of 58 patients 12 patients were confirmed cases of swine flu influenza A H1N1, while 46 were confirmed negative. Proportion of confirmed cases of swine flu influenza A H1N1 83.33% in females as compared to 16.67% in males. Influenza A H1N1 resulted in death of 05 (41.67%) confirmed cases among total 12 confirmed cases. Out of 12 (100%) confirmed swine flu influenza A H1N1 cases 09 (75%) expired patients had one or other predisposing factor associated. Conclusion: Cough, running nose, body ache and fever are the most common symptoms with which the patients usually present. The risk of death was seen more in patients associated with predisposing factors.

The use of drugs to increase human happiness and to improve the quality of life physically, mentally and socioeconomically is a serious matter of concern. Chronic disabling conditions become common in old age and affect the quality of life. Quality of life (QOL) is an important measure of health care, which measures the gap between expectations and achievements. Effect of Drug use on quality of life in elderly Indian population with hypertension was studied using Mc Master Health Index. The study population was divided into test group (hypertensive patients on regular treatment) and control group (Not on any treatment or on treatment for less than 3 months). All three parameters of QOL namely physical, emotional and social were studied using Mc Master Health Index questionnaire. The results were statistically compared using ANOVA and chi square. Our results point toward better overall QOL in patients on regular treatment.

Background and Objective: The clinical definition states “any amount of bleeding from or into the genital tract following birth of the baby up to the end of the puerperium which adversely affects the general condition”3. Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. In India it accounts for 25-30% of maternal deaths1. Uterine atony accounts for 80% cases of primary PPH. Most uterotonics require parental administration, maintenance of cold chain which is necessary for their potency and which is not always possible in some peripheral centre’s. Misoprostol a prostaglandin E1 analogue does not need refrigeration, has long shelf life and is stable at high temp. It is very effective for prevention of PPH. Methodology: Prospective study was conducted in Lalla Ded hospital; associated hospital of Government medical College Srinagar, the only tertiary care hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics in the Kashmir Valley over a period of 18 months. Sample size: The number of patients was 200. Group A: 100 patients (study group) received 600g of oral misoprostol immediately after delivery of the baby. Group B: 100 patients (control group) received 3 tabs of placebo similar in appearance. Our study was primarily designed to study the effectiveness of misoprostol (oral) for prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). The primary outcomes measured were : amount of blood loss, pre-delivery and post delivery haematocrit, haemoglobin pre delivery and post delivery, duration of third stage of labour, need for manual removal of placenta, need for other oxytocics, need fof blood transfusion and side effects of misoprostol were also recorded

Background: There are many adjuvants in the market which have been successfully used in combination with local anesthetics for intraop and postop analgesia.dexmededetomidine is a recent addition to the area of intensive care.it is a highly selective alpha 2 adrenergic agonist which is now gaining popularity as a new neuraxial adjuvant. Materials and Methods: sixty adult patients of ASA grade I-II were randomly divided into two groups of thirty each. Groups Clonidine (C), and Dexmeditomidine (D) received hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% 2.5 ml intrathecally with clonidine 75µg&dexmedetomidine 5 µg respectively. Hemodynamic data, degree of motor block (modified bromage scale), time to reach sensory block to L1 level, time for two segment regression of sensory block and time to reach modified bromage 0, total duration of analgesia were assessed. Results: Onset of motor block was delayed with group D as compared to group C .The difference was statistically insignificant (191.23 ± 98.04 sec in group D vs 171.75 ± 57.75sec in group C , p=0.001). Onset of sensory block was delayed with group C as compared to group D (83 ± 32.42 sec in group D Vs 115 ± 39.35 sec in group C, p=0.01 ). Dexmedetomidine produced significantly longer duration of sensory and motor block as compared to Clonidine. Regression time of sensory block was 374.34 ± 44.54 min for group D as compared to 302.5 ± 29.18 min for group C. Regression time to reach Bromage 1 was 317 ± 32 min for group D as compared to 220 ± 48 min for group C patients remained hemodynamically stable in both Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that though both clonidine and dexmedetomidine prolonged duration of sensory and motor block of bupivacaine, dexmedetomidine is better in terms of longer duration of action.

Background: About 120,000 people die on road in India every year. Although India has only 1% of the world’s motor vehicles, but it accounts for 6% of the global road traffic deaths. Research question: What are the different epidemiological determinants related to road traffic accident cases? Objectives: 1.To study the various epidemiological factors related to road traffic accident cases. Study design: Descriptive study. Setting: Study was performed in two tertiary healthcare delivery institutes in Kashmir. Participants: 316 victims of road traffic accidents who reported to BJH & SMHS hospitals in one year period. Study variables: Demographic characteristics of the victims, time, day and month of accidents. Category of road users involved in road traffic accidents, mode of accidents etc. Statistical analysis: Proportions and percentages. Results: There were 80.7% male and 19.3% female accident victims. Students were the maximum (22.2%) among the victims. Majority of the victims belonged to the joint families 207(66%) whereas 109(34%) were from nuclear families. Those driving the vehicles constituted the largest (44.9%) of the victims followed by Pedestrians (31.6%). Among the motorized vehicles, two wheeler drivers were more (44.3%) involved in accidents.

Low back pain is an extremely common health problem throughout the world. It is one of the common causes of activity limitation and work absentism and hence causes great economic burden on our country. Low back ache has multifactorial etiology. Aim of this observatiobal study that was conducted from December 2013 to December 2014, was to know about the clinical trends of low backache in patients and its distribution with respect to age, sex and occupation. Present study was conducted on 1800 patients at post graduate department of orthopaedics G.M.C Jammu on out patient department basis. In this study low back ache was seen more common in third and fourth decade, more in males but with female preponderance in the geriatric age group. Low back ache was more common in non sedentary occupation group of population. Duration of low back ache was mostly two months to two years. Most of the etiological causes were responsible for mechanical back ache.

Complete denture fabrication is a challenge in case of remaining teeth present. Patient satisfaction is the ultimate goal of a dental treatment. To improve the quality of the complete denture prosthesis and comfort to the patient, preservation of the remaining structures is utmost importance. This case report deals with use of remaining natural tooth to aid in retention, stability and support of tooth supported over dentures. The treatment longevity depends on patient’s oral hygiene maintenance and periodic recalls.

Solitary gingival enlargements in children are a relatively common finding and are usually the result of a reactive response to local irritation. Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is not a true neoplasm but rather a reactive process; its origin could be triggered by trauma or inflammation. Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG) is least commonly diagnosed among various hyperplastic gingival lesions. It accounts for 7% of all benign tumors of the jaw. It is also known as peripheral giant cell reparative granuloma. This is a case report of a 14 year old boy which highlights the importance of depth of excision for successful treatment outcomes.

Context: Total obliteration of root canal space and accessory canals is necessary for successful endodontic root canal treatment. On the horizon, GuttaFlow which has some properties like cold yet flowable, expansion instead of shrinkage, greater density of gutta-percha have made this material to be chosen for study. Aims: Aim of study was to evaluate homogeneity and adaptation of GuttaFlow to canal walls and to evaluate apical microleakage of obturated teeth at the interface in comparison to the laterally and vertically condensed G.P. Methods and Material: 124 human maxillary central incisors were decoronated followed by root canal preparation. Teeth were then randomly divided into 3-groups of laterally condensed (LC), vertically condensed (VC) and GuttaFlow (GF). To check the homogeneity, the 3-groups divided in to sub-groups A, B, and C respectively while to check the microleakage, the 3-groups divided in to another sub-groups I, II, and III respectively (sub-groups having 20 teeth each, with 2 negative and 2 positive control). Group A, B, C were horizontally sectioned at two levels and digitally photographed at 20X magnification using stereo-microscope. Area of voids was measured using AutoCAD image analyzing software. Group I, II, III specimen were prepared and sectioned longitudinally to measure linear extent of dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye. Finally, the collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: Group A and C showed statistically significant difference for presence of voids. Considering apical microleakage, an extremely statistically significant difference was found between group I and II and group I and III. Also, the single cone technique using GuttaFlow showed a superior result as compared to LC technique Conclusion: In terms of apical micro-leakage, the sealing ability of GuttaFlow is superior to the gold standard of lateral compaction with sealer and comparable to that of thermo plasticized G.P. technique.

Background: Regular blood pressure measurement is considered as a window that shows how effective the managment could be .Despite the fact that studies had shown that populations gained a little bit more knowledge in the recent years, how this knowledge is implied still remains a question. Aim: Our aim was to evaluate whether Hypertensive patients regularly measured their blood pressure or not. In addition to that, we wanted to find out the reasons why they didn’t measure their blood pressure regularly as told, so we become able to shed some light on these reasons hoping for this problem to be solved. Methods: An observational cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Kasr Alainy teaching hospitals. Participants were adults aged above 18 years old, not in pain and able to co-operate where they were alert and fully conscious. The questionnaire was administered verbally and blood pressure was measured for each Participant. This study is considered the first Egyptian study held to assess people's awareness about the importance of regular Blood pressure measurement and also finds out to what extent they are applying it in their regular life. Results: We had a sample of 440 with CI 99% and a hospitalization period range of (1-210) days. Even though 66% of the sample confirmed that BP should be measured regularly, 76% of the sample didn’t do that. This paradox was further more clarified with their reason which was lack of awareness regarding the importance of regular blood pressure measurement. That was further more confirmed with the fact that the majority of the sample didn’t know the element of Hypertension diagnosis. Conclusion: The results show a hugely unaccepted low level of awareness about hypertension and the importance of regular blood pressure measurement. We strongly recommend a public action to raise the awareness level.

Lumbar hernia is a rare condition and can occur due to blunt injury following motor cycle accident. The condition can result in chronic pain and small unrecognisable swelling. Delay in diagnosis can occur in such cases and result in poor quality of life for years. We report a case of lumbar hernia which occurred following blunt injury and was not diagnosed until five years after its first presentation. Computerized Tomography (CT) scan along with clinical findings confirmed the diagnosis. Patient underwent successful herniorraphy using a prolene mesh. Timely diagnosis is desirable in case of lumbar hernia not only because it is associated with serious bowel complications but also because associated chronic pain results in poor quality of life. High index of clinical suspicion along with imaging modalities can clinch the diagnosis. Repair using a mesh can be performed for the condition.

Background: Pantoea agglomerans is an opportunistic human bacteria characterized by shaped aggregations or symplas-mata, yellow pigment-producing colonies that were 2 mm in size, nonhemolytic, and convex were detected on a blood agar plate. It belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is responsible for infection diseases ranging from plant-thorn arthritis, osteoitis, osteomyelitis and traumatic wound infections to septicemia. Bacterial identification systems were performed by using manual and automated methods as phenotypic assays, and PCR method as molecular assay. Aims and objectives: The aims of the present study were to review the impact of Pantoea agglomerans in septicemia cases, and study the role of 16S rRNA gene in the molecular detection of Pantoea agglomerans in patients with clinical diagnosis of septicemia. Materials and Methods: In this study blood samples from 75 patients with clinical diagnosis of septicemia were used for blood culture, Gram staining, culture, VITEC-2 Compact and PCR methods. PCR was performed with primer pair targeted to the 16S rRNA gene of Pantoea agglomerans. The result of the PCR was compared with conventional methods of blood culture, Gram staining, culture and VITEC-2 Compact methods. The PCR positive samples were identified by presence of ~1500 bp amplicon of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Conventional methods of blood culture, Gram staining, culture, VITEC-2 Compact methods showed a positive results in 14 (18,6 %) of 75 patients with clinical diagnosis of septicemia. PCR detected all 14 (18,6 %) samples that were positive by conventional method. Two (2.6 %) of 61 (81,3 %) patients who were negative by conventional methods were positive by PCR method. Statistical analysis revealed that the PCR to have a sensitivity of 95.1 % in the detection of Pantoea agglomerans in septicemia cases. Conclusion: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid, specific and sensitive method to detect Pantoea agglomerans in septicemia cases of human.

This paper set out to examine whether early exposure to research tenets was a predictor of research support in Nigeria and the United States. Data relating exposure to and support for research were collected in the both countries and analysed using the SAS statistical software. The results show no statistically significant relationship between early exposure to research and support for academic research. There is also no significant relationship between someone’s level of education and a willingness to support academic research.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to assess the Insulin Index of a specially developed Functional Ingredient Mix (FIM) for Type 2 diabetic patients. Certain foods cause an Insulin response despite there being no carbohydrates present, and some foods cause a disproportionate insulin response relative to their carbohydrate load. Hence Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load are not reliable markers. Methods: Five selected healthy individuals were given measured quantity of the Functional Ingredient Mix and their insulin levels were measured for 9 times at 15 minutes intervals for 2 hours. White bread as reference food was given to the same subjects and their insulin levels were recorded for 9 times at 15 minutes interval for two hours. Results: The average insulin index value for FIM at 15 minutes interval was less than the white bread. At 30 minutes the insulin value was almost half for the FIM in comparison to white bread. The mean insulin values was found to be decreasing with time for FIM. Conclusion: This study on insulin index with normal, healthy individuals, highlights the fact that the formulated FIM produces less glycemic load which is indicative of the nil insulin burst. FIM supplementation taken regularly may also decrease the medicine requirement of patients with type 2 diabetes when combined with dietary and lifestyle modification as suggested in numerous epidemiological studies.

This is a laboratory trial to further test the efficiency of the production of leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Tamarindus indica in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus, a storage cowpea insect pest. Two cowpea varieties Dan’ila and 207-15 were introduced into glass container containing the test material. The glass container was replicated thrice and arranged in randomized block design for 41 days at temperature between 240c – 28oc and 41% - 70% humidity. The result obtained at three days post treatment shows that Eucalyptus caused significant adult mortality compared to that of Tamarind and rates of Oviposion between the checks of the individual treatment at p = 5% were no significant. Result obtained at one week post treatment shows adult mortality in both Dan’ila and 207-15 treated with Tamarind sample is more significant then Eucalyptus treated sample. The result Obtained at two weeks post treatment show egg count was significantly suppressed by the Eucalyptus treated sample then followed by Tamarind treated sample. The differences in progeny emergence between the checks and treatment level were found to be significant at 35 days post treatment. Number of infested seed was high in Dan’ila and 207-15 treated with Tamarind then those treated with Eucalyptus. Also the grains damage were highly significant in Dan’ila treated samples and 207-15 treated with Tamarind. At 40 days post treatment, progeny emergence, seeds infestation and loss in weight of grain were significantly suppressed by Eucalyptus treated sample then Tamarind. Eucalyptus shown greater capacity to suppress large build up of this insect in cowpea grains. Thus it can be concluded that the Eucalyptus powder produced a much better protection against the stored cowpea insect Callosobruchus maculatus then Tamarindus indica.

In this study, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was evaluated as one of the important enzymes in the pathway of phenylpropanoids synthesis in order to understand the structural fold and sequence homology; so that it was extracted from Protein Data Bank (PBD): X-ray crystallographic structures of Rhodosporidiumtoruloides (1T6J) as a genus of fungi category and (1W27) Petroselinumcrispum as a genus of plants category. In order to structural analysis of PAL has been used some software include Protein Structure Comparison Tool V 1.4, on-web PDBe version based on secondary structure matching (SSM) and Combinatorial Extension(CE) for Structure Alignment, calculation of statistical indicators such as Z-score, p-value, Q-score and etc. Finally PAL showed a significant relationship between structural sequences of 1T6J & 1W27 in terms of structural folds similarity and partialhomology with calculated indices between the two enzymes.

The article deals with the specific diversity of the wild flora ferns in the Ajara floristic region as well as gives the systematic-geographical and ecological-coenotic analysis. In the Ajara floristic region ferns are represented by 51 species of 27 genera and 11 families. According to the number of species the following are the leading families: Dryopteridaceae (21), Aspleniaceae (9), Pteridaceae (7). The leading genera are: Dryopteris (9), Asplenium (7), Polystichum (5). According to the geographical structure the majority of the ferns belong to the holarctic, Mediterranean, Caucasian, subtropical, South American, palaearctic and Asian geo-elements. In accordance with the relation to humidity, there are 38 mesophytes, 5 – mesohygrophytes and 8 xerophyte species of ferns. According to the relation to the light, there are 6 heliophytes, 22 sciophytes and 23 facultative heliophytes.

In the present study, the modulatory effect of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower petals treatment on the levels of plasma glucose, insulin, lipids and glycoproteins in 10% D-glucose feeding for 4 weeks were examined. The H. rosa-sinensis flower petals (1000mg/kg of body weight) was mixed with normal chow diet and administrated for 4 weeks as preventive and curative effects. The levels of plasma glucose, insulin, lipids and glycoproteins were increased significantly, whereas the levels of plasma HDL was decreased in 10% D-glucose fed rats. Administration of H. rosa-sinensis flower petals reversed these hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic statuses in 10% D-glucose fed rats. These observed effects were found to positively correlate with the proanthocyanidins and -carotene content of the H. rosa-sinensis flower petals. The present study concludes that the H. rosa-sinensis flower petals possess a significant beneficial effect on glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and glycoprotein moiety in addition to its antidiabetic and antiatherosclerotic effects. Thus, the results of the present study indicate a positive role of H. rosa-sinensis as a therapeutic agent for diabetes and atherosclerosis in 10% D-glucose fed rats.

The present study was under taken to assess the efficiency and self suitability of the kitchen waste compost as organic manure, through the estimation of its typical physical and chemical characteristics. To assess the physical and chemical parameters, kitchen waste compost was collected from a self designed compost bin. The visual inspection showed that the sample was physically uniform, free flowing, no hard lumps, blackish brown in color, free from objectionable odor and it was found to have 51.2 % moisture with bulk density 450.2 kg m-3, particle size less than 3 cm and 42% volume reduction. The results obtained from chemical analysis of the generated compost include: pH value 6.15; Electrical Conductivity 647 µS/cm; Total Organic Carbon 5.55%; Total Nitrogen 0.23%; Total Phosphate 0.15%; Total Potash 0.3% and C/N ratio 24.1. The results indicate that the physical and chemical parameters more or less lie at par with standard and thus indicate the good quality of the composts. Composting of solid urban wastes could be adapted country wide to transform garbage to enriched organic manure and also a better solid waste management option.

The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Cakilemaritima, Centaureaglomerata, Juncusbufonius, Lactucaserriola and Reichardiatingitana collected from Egypt, as well as to characterize their allelopathic potential against Bidenspilosa L. Total phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins were determined in the studied plants. The antioxidant activity was measured based on the reduction of DPPH. The allelopathic bioassays of germination and growth were assayed. L. serriola attained the highest values of phenolics, tannins and alkaloids compared. However, C. glomerata exhibited the highest values of flavonoids and saponins. The IC50values of the antioxidant inhibition for R. tingitana, J. bufonius, L. serriola, C. glomerata and C. maritima were 663.98 ppm, 1026.62 ppm, 1029.45 ppm, 3783.05 ppm and 4964.20 ppm, respectively. The aqueous extracts of L. serriola was completely inhibited the germination of B. pilosa at 20 mg ml−1. Moreover, the extracts of C. glomerata, R. tingitana, C. maritima and J. bufonius inhibited the germination of B. pilosa by about 79.80%, 64.65%, 49.49%and 39.39%, respectively.Similar inhibitory effects on radicle and plumule growth were observed. Although, L. serriola is commonly considered as a noxious weed, it may be used in controlling B. pilosa.

Medicinal plants produce different secondary metabolites which are used as medicines in different parts of the plant such as leaf, root, flower and seed. In recent years, the usage of different medicinal plants for the treatment of different alignments in traditional and modern medicines has been increasing. Generally, in India, it is estimated that over 6000 plants are in use in traditional and herbal medicine. Allophylus serratus and Premna tomentosa are medicinal plants, which have traditional uses against various diseases. The objective of this review is to compile medicinal values of Allophylus serratus and Premna tomentosa.

New usages of old crops hold promise to restore the balance of trade reduce our dependence on imports and to meet the growing needs of industrial products of human population. Fruit plants are playing a vital role in providing nutritional and economical security to the poor mass in rural areas. There are many plants still underexploited and unexplored. Jamun (Syzygium cumini) is an important fruit crop belongs to family Myrtaceae. It is an underutilised indigenous fruit tree of South India. The present study was an attempt to exploit Syzygium cumini as a new plant source of choice for beta amylase enzyme for industrial production because the enzyme is abundant in the fruits, which allows for relatively low cost production. Beta amylase was extracted from Syzygium cumini fruits and was successfully immobilised in calcium alginate beads. The pH optima for free and immobilised beta amylases were found to be 6.5 and 6.8 respectively, time of incubation in the range of 15-20 minutes, optimum substrate concentration in the range of 0.5 % - 1.25% and optimum temperature were 400C for free and 450 C for immobilised beta amylases activities.

Despite the significance of woody species in terms of economic and environmental benefits in Ethiopia, there have been either fragmented, or modified or completely destroyed and changed into other land use system as a result of a long history of dense human settlements, and intense farming and grazing. The overall objective of this study is to assess the status of woody species diversity, regeneration and structure and their contribution to the inhabitant in Masha and Andracha district of Sheka zone in Southwestern Ethiopia. Systematic sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to conduct survey of households. Furthermore, vegetation data were collected in a total of 160 plots (20m x 20m) in four Peasant Associations (PAs) following gradient of accessibility (village to deep forest). The vegetation data analysis revealed that there were a total of 20 woody plant families were recorded in the four PAs. Where 27 species were found in sample plots in Modi PA, 29 species were found in all three PAs. The Shannon index-(H) of each PA woody vegetation were 3.0862 in Beto, 3.1373 in Abelo, 3.0662 in Chegecha and 2.9402 in modi. The density of woody species were 3681/ha in Beto, 3190/ha in Abelo, 3312/ha in Chegecha and 2886/ha in Modi. The mean comparison shows significance difference for tree size classes 50-60, 70-80 and 80-90 cm in Beto and Abelo PAs. Survey result reviled that the livelihood strategies in the study area mainly depend on woody species and their products. As a result the inhabitants in the study district retain woody species for their various uses. However, woody species with more products play important role on local livelihoods; hence conservation of woody species is essential to sustain their livelihoods.

Assertiveness reflects people’s expression of their genuine feelings, standing up for their legitimate rights, and refusing unreasonable requests. Assertiveness training helps individuals to cope assertively, be more confident and competent in handling difficult situations. The present study was undertaken with an aim to find out the effectiveness of an assertiveness training program on assertiveness skills and mental, physical and spiritual wellbeing of Muslim adolescent girls. A total of 100 Muslim adolescent girls who were found to be situationally non assertive were selected by systematic random sampling method and assigned randomly to the test (n=50) and control group (n=50). The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule by Rathus (1973) was used to assess the assertiveness level of the selected Muslim adolescent girls. The mental, physical, and spiritual well-being of the selected girls was assessed by the Mental, Physical, and Spiritual Well-being Scale (MPS) developed by Vella- Brodrick and Allen (1995). Assertiveness training programme was planned and conducted for a period of five weeks held once weekly. Post test was done after a period of two months to assess the effectiveness of the intervention programme. The data obtained was subjected to statistical interpretation using SPSS (version 17). The findings of this research confirmed that the assertiveness training programme has been very effective in improving the assertiveness as well as the overall wellbeing of the adolescents.

In anthropological literature, the early studies, particularly of late nineteenth century anthropologists had recorded women’s participation in all aspects of social, economic, political and religious aspects as they were but not emphasizing or focusing distinctly on women. In the present study the analyzed data are presented under three broad heads, such as 1. Procurement and Transport. 2. Sale of fish (wet) and 3. Dry fish and Sale. Each head is further sub headed according to the information pertaining to type of marketing or vending methods and locations. Fisher women activities at domestic level besides the economic are dealt in detail to draw the domestic and entrepreneurial tenacities.

The present study on the growth of plants such as, tomato, french beans and lady’s finger using panchagavya was conducted during January 2015 to March 2015. Panchagavya was prepared and it was initially used to soak the seeds. Later, the germination percentage was observed. The germination percentage was found to be higher in seeds treated with panchagavya solution than the control seeds. The morphological characters such as, number of leaves, shoot length and root length were measured in plants treated with different concentrations of panchagavya solution (5%, 6%, 7% and 8%). As the concentration increased, the values also increased accordingly in all the tested plants.

Chlorophyll mutations are considered as indicators of mutability, in present investigation a wide spectrum of chlorophyll mutations like Xantha, Chlorina, Chloroxantha, Viridis and albino could be recorded in M2 generation, grown from the harvested seeds of M1 in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The frequency of these mutants revealed an increasing trend with an increasing concentration of all the mutagens in both the cultivars of chickpea.

PGPB (Plant growth promoting bacteria) are the group of bacteria which can able to enhance or influence the growth, development and yield of crop plants. The beneficial effect on the growth of crop plants actually due to ‘N’ fixation, Phosphorus solubilization and growth promoting substances production (IAA, GA3, etc.). PGPB includes the vital ‘N’ fixing diazotrophs namely Azospirillum and a known endophytic diazotroph Gluconacetobacter and also phosphorus solubilizer namely Bacillus and Pseudomonas. In the present research about ten isolates of Azospirillum, Bacillus and Pseudomonas were isolated from ten different rhizosphere soil samples of maize from Salem District. These isolates were purified, characterized and identified as Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In addition the isolation of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus from the rhizosphere soil samples of maize ends in failure whereas the same organisms was successfully isolated from root extract of maize and purified and all these isolates were maintained for further study.

Indian mega city, Delhi has witnessed a rapid growth in population and urbanization during last few decades. The quality of air has affected due to rapid urbanization. As a step in this direction, efforts have been initiated to develop emission inventories of direct and embodied emission of pollutants from different sectors in Delhi. This paper presents the emission estimates of direct and embodied emission of pollutants like CO2, CO, CH4, HC and NOx for Delhi. Sector wise emission inventory of pollutant due to the consumption of energy products (viz. Gasoline, Diesel and Coal), traditional biomass, enteric fermentation, paddy fields and waste sector have been estimated from the year 1990 to 2005 in Delhi. The present study indicate that both direct and embodied emission are responsible for the air quality degradation. The increasing embodied emissions with time from energy sector and industrial sector indicate, rapid urbanization and development.

In general, encountered type of query is to find the k nearest neighbor objects to a given query point. In many applications interested only in the objects that are directly visible to query points. In this paper, we formulate invisible objects which are not directly visible to query points. We can retrieve the invisible objects with the help of visible objects which are nearer to the query point. We also propose an algorithm efficiently to process the Aggregate visible k nearest neighbor query to maintain the query updation. An aggregate k nearest neighbor query finds k objects with the smallest aggregate distance to a query point. An aggregate NN queries constitute a generalized form of nearest neighbor search, where there are multiple query points. Our algorithm dramatically reduces the time complexity during the search process

The most common method of preserving of raw hides/skins is curing with sodium chloride. Soaking is the first physiochemical operation in tannery, where huge amount of curing salt is released to environment and increased salinity of the wastewater in the form of total dissolved solids (TDS). Chloride is highly soluble and stable that is not affected by the effluent treatment plant. In this study, goat skin was preserved using indigenous Azadirachta Indica (neem) leaf paste with potassium chloride (KCl) to reduce the pollution load in the wastewater. The efficacy of the alternative system was assessed by monitoring the parameters e.g. total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC), total Staphylococcus count (TSC), hair slip, odor, isolated bacterial count and loss of moisture content. Results revealed that preservation of goat skin using Azadirachta Indica leaf paste with 10% potassium chloride (KCl) was effectively preserved the goat skin for the span of 30 days.

Network security measures are needed to protect data or information during the transmission. Security is an important factor in the network transmission. Secure transmission of multimedia object means the secure transmission of text, image, audio and video. Cryptographic techniques provide the security during transmission of multimedia objects. Cryptography means converting data from readable form to unreadable form. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm provides greater security for data. Here, AES algorithm with 128 bit key is used for encryption and decryption process. Secure hash value is calculated for ensuring the security. SHA1 algorithm is used for calculating the hash value of the multimedia objects. AES algorithm prevent various types of attacks like message disclosure, replay attack etc.

Methods such as chlorophyll fluorescence, the amount of O2 emitted or the amount of CO2 assimilated are commonly used to estimate the photosynthetic activity of plants, but none of these methods shows us directly the electrical activity that occurs during photosynthesis. The purpose of this study is to show that the photosynthetic activity can be obtained from the behavior of the electrical resistance of extra chlorophyll space. The model used in this study is that of Cole. It appears from our analysis that there is a distinct relationship between the behavior of the extra chlorophyll space resistance and the amount of O2 emitted or the amount of CO2 assimilated according to the intensity of the light; while the amount of O2 emitted or the amount of CO2 assimilated increases according to the intensity of the light up to a certain threshold, the extra chlorophyll space resistance decreases according to the intensity of white, blue, yellow and red light until it reaches a certain threshold. However, the green light is found to be inactive.

The Removal of undesirable organic or dyestuff impurities from water through electrochemical processes is based on the selecting the suitable electrodes and potential/current conditions required for the degradation of these impurities. In this investigation the rhodium/rhodium oxide/titanium thermally activated modified electrode was used for the electrochemical degradation blue 113 azo dye in its aqueous solutions. The results of oxidation process electro generated Fenton's agent were expressed in terms of the remaining dye concentration and COD removal, which were determined instrumentally. The different operating conditions of treatment process were studied which include: current density, pH, and temperature, time of electrolysis, conductive electrolyte concentration, and initial dye concentration. The optimum operating conditions for each dye were determined. The under-test modified electrode gave good results for the complete removal of dye and COD.

Human hair is considered as a waste material in most parts of the world and is a common constituent found in municipal waste streams which cause enormous environmental problems. This is an attempt to find the possibilities of using hair as fibre reinforcement in concrete, thereby forming an alternative way for the safe management of hair waste. Human hair is strong in tension; hence it can be used as a fibre reinforcement material. Hair Fibre, an alternate non-degradable matter, is available in abundance and at a very cheap cost. Present studies have been undertaken to analyse the effect of human hair on plain cement concrete on the basis of compressive, crushing and flexural strengths and cracking control to economize concrete and to reduce environmental problems. Experiments were conducted on concrete cubes with various percentages of human hair fibre i.e. 0%, 1.5% and 2% by weight of cement. By testing we found that there is an increment in the various properties and strength of concrete by the addition of human hair as fibre reinforcement which makes it suitable for an alternative additive for concrete to enhance its mechanical properties. Also, hair fibre reinforced concrete can be an alternative method for the hair waste management.

Automation of power system fault identification using information conveyed by the wavelet analysis of power system transients is proposed. Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) for detecting the type of fault is used. The work presented in this paper is focused on identification of simple power system faults. Wavelet Transform (WT) of the transient disturbance caused as a result of occurrence of fault is performed. The detail coefficient for each type of simple fault is characteristic in nature. PNN is used for distinguishing the detail coefficients and hence the faults.

A new approach is proposed for finding an optimal solution for fuzzy transportation problem involving fuzzy trapezoidal numbers. This method is demonstrated with a numerical example.

The Abbasid regime of 508 years deserves significant portion in the Arab history and Islamic history. Abbasid rulers set up lots of historic instances in the case of governance, education, socio-economic structure, infrastructural development and so on through their pompous and versatile lifestyle and culture.This article strives to pinpoint the major traits of Abbasid rulers by assessing the noticeable trends of their lifestyle in the light of historical facts.

The conservation of biodiversity, habitat and ecosystems is inevitable approach of Protected Areas globally because they are highly threatened by environmental challenges. Pakistan is a part of this global struggle for achieving the target of 17% of world to be declared protected areas till 2020. The prime objective of this paper is to analyze the awareness level, their management and legislation of the protected areas in Baluchistan. For the purpose a Key Informant survey was conducted through cheek list using purposive sampling techniques. The key informants selected include academicians, foresters, tribal leaders, concerned NGOs workers, staff of international conservation entities and agriculturists. The result revealed that the overall picture about awareness level is not encouraging where only 8% of the informants were aware about the number of protected areas and 37 % were found familiar with the basic concept of protected areas in Baluchistan. On the other hand survey results about the potential and preferences towards the management of protected areas (PAs) revealed that 54.1% of the informants thought that the potential of protected areas in Baluchistan is very high, 41.6% cited the potential is high, only 4% mentioned that the potential is low. Among the key informants only 12.5% were aware about the legislation for protected areas in Pakistan about environmental protection, likewise 33.3% knew about current legislation in Pakistan. Similarly 79.1% were aware about the current legislation in Balochistan and likewise 70.8% were familiar with legislation regarding protect areas in Baluchistan. There is always a room for improvements therefore the awareness level regarding protected areas are not on the mark. Thus this paper has initiated the baseline data for further studies and will serve the provincial stakeholders for raising sensitization among masses about protected areas in the province.

The study was pursued to comeup with inventory metacognitive strategies of the First Year College of Education students at Eastern Samar State University Salcedo Campus. The study was conducted during the second semester school year 2013-2014 to 147 students. The descriptive-correlation survey method was utilized in the study using questionnaires to determine the student based profiles and the metacognitive strategies of the first year teacher education student of Eastern Samar State University Salcedo Campus school year 2013-2014. The data collected were summarized, tabulated, categorized and analysed using frequency counts, percentage and mean. The Cramer’s V was computed to test the null hypotheses. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for rejecting and accepting the hypotheses. Based on findings of the study, first year teacher education students at ESSU Salcedo campus are generally females, within the appropriate age for first year and are mostly average learners. A greater percentage are fairly motivated and fairly engaged on their academic task. These students are generally practicing metacognitve strategies in all their academic undertakings although some of them still need to acquire their metacognitive skills for effective cognitive processing and successful learning.The metacognitive strategies indicate that students are capable of explicitly thinking about their ideas or conceptions held. There are metacognitive strategies that posted positive relationship to student based factors however there are specific student based factors that are not associated.

This research paper aims to explain the findings of the goodness-of-fit of the factors influencing attitude of undergraduate students towards differently-abled individuals. A comprehensive attitude tool was developed with various factors influencing attitude such as inclusion, employment, relationships and marriage, society, positive bias, negative bias and behaviour/ conduct. The 4 points Likert scale questionnaire was distributed to 1000 undergraduate students in Chennai ensuring adequate representation across social science/ arts, science and engineering disciplines. Confirmatory Factor Analysis pertaining to factors influencing attitude of undergraduate students towards differently-abled individuals reveals that all the factors show good fit to the sample data.

Landuse and Landcover changes for the years 1990, 2000 and 2010 have been analysed. Each of the landuse and landcover types exhibit positive and negative changes in all decades that have been considered. Agricultural land, Natural vegetation and water bodies show a decrease in area whereas fallow land, built-up land, scrub without scrub lands and sandy areas go on increasing. The change in land use and land cover category shows a decrease in agricultural land 2088.48sq.km; natural vegetation; 492.52sq.km and water bodies 247.03sq.km respectively whereas an increase in built-up land I & II 316.16sq.km and 359.37sq.km, fallow land 346.91sq.km, scrub without scrub land 367.42 sq.km and sandy area 165.23sq.km. In 2020, the area of agricultural land would decrease to 2010.98 sq.km as per the estimation. It has been estimated that in 2020 the area of built-up land-I would be 338.12 sq.km and Built-up land –II would be 381.11sq.km.The major reasons for these changes are increase in population, climate change and socio economic development activities.

In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the groundwater suitability for irrigated agriculture in Marudaiyar sub-basin. The chemical aspects of groundwater in the study area, 32 control wells considered which are almost equally distributed throughout the study area. Geo-chemical data were analysed to understand the pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Hardness, TDS and SAR in the study area. The plotted geochemical data in the USSL diagram indicates 34.37 per cent (in pre-monsoon) and 46.87 per cent (in post-monsoon) of water samples are of good category and most of these samples are of C3S1 type. The poor water quality category is 3.12 per cent in pre-monsoon and 6.25 per cent in post-monsoon. The assessment of groundwater quality for irrigated agriculture using Modified Piper’s trilinear diagram shows result similar to that from the USSL diagram.

Transition metal oxides (Vanadium Pentoxide and Niobium Pentoxide) Catalyzed nitration of 2-and 4-benzyl pyridine’s was studied under conventional condition. Niobium Pentoxide serves as the best catalyst in regioselectivity of nitro group at para position.