Table of Contents: Volume 16; Issue 05; May 2024

Introduction: Sheehan's syndrome is hypopituitarism due to pituitary gland necrosis resulting from hemorrhagic shock during pregnancy. It is a rare complication with varied manifestations and a considerable delay in diagnosis. Case Presentation: We present the case of of a 38 year old woman, who presented to emergency with complaints of acute abdomen and decreased sensorium. She had no previous treatment history. On haematological and radiological assessment, she was diagnosed to be a case of Sheehan’s syndrome with primary insult 18 years back. Investigations: Patient was investigated for all the hormonal axis- LH, FSH, Estradiol for HPO axis , Thyroid Profile, ACTH and Cortisol for HPA axis. Brain imaging using Pituitary protocol was done, which found complete Empty sella. Discussion: Patient was treated with replacement therapy for steroid and thyroid axis, which lead to unmasking of Diabetes Insipidus as free water clearance improved, desmopressin supplementation. There was a rapid improvement in patient outlook within one week of institution of therapy. Conclusion: Previous case reports describe patients being diagnosed after one or more complications from long-term panhypopituitarism. The present case illustrates that undiagnosed Sheehan's syndrome is associated with long-term morbidity, and we want to emphasize that a high index of suspicion is crucial for the early diagnosis of the syndrome in routine clinical visits in order to prevent complications arising with delayed diagnosis. Awareness among clinicians is also essential so that such cases are not overlooked, especially in developing nations, where home delivery is still common and obstetric care is limited.

SLE is an autoimmune disease in which organ damage is mediated by auto-antibodies and immune complexes. Around 90% of patients are women of child bearing age. It is ~9 times more prevalent in women than in men. SLE is newly diagnosed in 4 lakh people each year worldwide 1,2. SLE can involve many organ systems likewise musculoskeletal, dermatological, renal, neurological, hematological, cardiopulmonary, ocular and gastrointestinal. Severity of SLE varies from mild and intermittent to severe and fulminant. Neurological manifestations are common in SLE occuring in ~ 60% of patients but Myelopathy is rarest presentation among neurological manifestations (< 1%). Hence we are reporting a rare case of a young female patient of SLE presented with cervical myelopathy Subject Area: Internal Medicine and Rheumatology

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a potentially serious and life-threatening disorder affecting millions of people around the world. It is a sleep-related respiratory condition, characterized by the complete or partial collapse of breathing because of a narrowing or closure of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in intermittent cessations of breathing (apneas) or reductions in airflow (hypopneas) despite ongoing respiratory effort. The symptoms include excessive daytime sleepiness, Mood changes, Fragmented sleep, as well as the decreased health-related quality of life. Patients often complain of snoring, Gasping or choking, frequent nocturnal awakenings, early morning headaches, poor concentration and coordination, anxiety, irritability, and insomnia, yet many patients are unaware of these symptoms and disease onset is insidious. This article details the obstructive sleep apnoea

Hyperdontia, commonly referred to as supernumerary teeth, is a well-known dental anomaly in humans. It is defined as the presence of extra teeth exceeding the normal count in either primary or permanent dentition. The occurrence has been documented to range from 0.2 to 3%, with a higher frequency observed in males compared to females. The etiology of this condition is heterogeneous and highly variable, and a majority of cases are idiopathic in nature. However, the presence of multiple impacted or erupted supernumerary teeth is rare and often associated with specific genetic syndromes. Early detection of abnormalities allows us to implement appropriate patient management strategies and plays a vital role in making well-informed decisions concerning long-term medical care and treatments.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization around has led to the enormous amount of solid waste production. Many nations are facing the impact of environmental pollution due to improper waste disposal. Plastic and wood are the two most globally used materials in all walks of life. The use of plastic is a convenient choice but at the same time also hazardous and disastrous to the environment. Cutlery and crockery are one of the most simple and very useful worldwide devices created for consuming food. The disposal of plastic cutlery and crockery is hazardous to the environment. Though the plastic cutlery and crockery are hard to replace taking into account the convenience and costing but at the same time it is necessary to act wisely and sensibly towards sustainable environmental practices and innovate alternative and sustainable ways to plastic cutlery and crockery. One such innovation is the edible cutlery and crockery. Edible cutlery and crockery can turn out to be the future creating a positive impact on the environment and at the same time being nutritious. The concept of edible cutlery and crockery is being developed by many entrepreneurs. Very little is known about these in the hospitality and service sector. The research paper aims to explore the feasibility of edible cutlery and crockery in the hospitality sector.

Objective: The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of dental caries, encompassing its etiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. Through Critical analysis of existing literature and emerging research trends, this review aims to elucidate gaps in knowledge, and propose evidence-based recommendations for improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment approaches to mitigate the burden of dental caries on global oral health. Materials and method: Database system PubMed, Google Scholar, land research gate were used to extract the articles. Only English language studies were accessed. A Boolean search of the PubMed data set was implemented to combine a range of keywords. The following filters were applied: abstract, free full text, full text, clinical trial, randomized control trial, systemic review, meta-analysis and review. More studies were also obtained by manual searches and textbooks on dental caries. Results: By using this process, 683 articles and studies were obtained. The most relevant studies were chosen and used in the current review. The selected articles are included in the reference list. Conclusions: Dental caries management requires a multifaceted approach that integrates preventive, therapeutic strategies. While significant advancement has been made, challenges such as early detection and addressing disparities in access to care remain. By continuing to innovate and prioritize patient centered interventions, we can work towards achieving optimal oral health outcomes and reducing burden of dental caries worldwide.

Philippines, one of the requirements that guarantee high-quality instruction is the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET). LET aims to differentiate individuals who possess the abilities and competencies required for entry into the teaching profession from those who do not. The performance of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) graduates and their trend over an 11-year period in the LET was assessed in this study. Regression analysis and a descriptive-quantitative research design was used in this quantitative longitudinal investigation. The study's findings demonstrate that from 2011 to 2023, BSED graduates outperformed the national average in the LET for first-time takers, showcasing the strength of their initial teacher education. However, re-takers struggled, falling below the national average, indicating a gap in support post-failure. There is a need for enhanced support for re-takers, despite strong initial academic preparation among BSED graduates.Hence, it is recommended to establishre-taker support through targeted programs and policy reforms, while research should explore underlying causes of their lower success to refine assistance strategies.