Table of Contents: Volume 16; Issue 10; October 2024

Face recognition is a widely utilized authentication method in biometric systems. However, a critical challenge faced by these systems is the occurrence of false acceptance, where unauthorized individuals or attackers gain access. This type of security breach, known as a presentation attack, exposes the system to significant vulnerabilities. The focus of this research is on a specific type of presentation attack called spoofing, where attackers employ artifacts such as photographs, masks, or pre-recorded videos to replicate the appearance of legitimate users and gain fraudulent access. The primary objective of this study is to develop a neural network model capable of accurately detecting whether a user is genuine or a spoof, thereby mitigating the risk of biometric system compromise.

Nous étudions dans cet article la dimension satirique du discours littéraire d’Ousmane Diarra dans trois de ses romans: Vieux Lézard, Pagne de femme et La Route des Clameurs. Il s’agit de démontrer comment, dans une écriture qui allie humour et ironie mordante, l’écrivain s’attaque à la religion, à la morale et à l’action politique. Certes, le tableau satirique qu’il dresse est alarmant, mais il insuffle en filigrane une vision du monde postmoderne appelé à se débarrasser de toutes formes d’ostracisme et d’injustice. L’écrivain donne à lire les dérives du fanatisme religieux et de l’immoralité dans la sphère politique qu’il caricature à peine lorsque le lecteur les confronte aux scènes de la vie quotidienne. In fine, le politique est invité à intégrer dans son action le sens du bien commun et de la responsabilité publique.

The government's authority to resolve conflicts between the Naktuka Oecusse community can be resolved through a local wisdom approach because these two communities have had a very close kinship relationship since ancient times with a local wisdom approach the conflicts that occur can be reduced and there can be peace from both parties through traditional agreements. , then proceed to the level of diplomatic relations between the two countries to be resolved.

Background: India is facing heavy burden of NCDs (Non-Communicable Diseaes) because of explosion in the epidemiological transition worldwide. In that mainly diabetes, obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors like dyslipidemia plays a important role in the prevalence of NCDs and hence, increase in the cardio vascular events like atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Objective: In present study the effect of Kalonji (Negilla Sativa) seed oil is experimented on cardiometabolic risk factors partly i,e dyslipidemia in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Materials and Methods: wistar albino rats of wt 200-250gms were selected and fed with high fat diet for a period of four weeks to induce insulin resistance later direct diabetis was induced by alloxan monohydrate. After induction of diabetes animals fed with standard drug atorvastatin, different doses of Kalonji 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg . The data was collected by estimating Bl. glucose levels on day 0, 7, 14 and on 30th day. Lipid profile done with higher dose of kalonji 600/kg body wt. on Day Zero (before treatment) and day 30 (after treatment). Results and Conclusion: It is observed that high dose 600mg/kg body wt. of kalonji showed significant hypolipidemic activity as compare to control and standard drug atorvastatin 10mg/kg body wt. It showed decrease in total cholesterol and LDL levels significantly as that of standard drug Atorvastatin 10mg/kg. And also Hypoglycemic effect of Kalonji at 600mg has shown a potent action as compared to 200mg and 400mg. Kalonji also has not produced any toxic changes with high. Hence kaloonji (negilla sativa) proves that it has both hepato toxicity, rensl toxicity activity which helps in decreasing the risk factors in the development of CVDs and NCDs.

By us has developed a unique theory that connects the Big Bang event, protons, and the formation of life through own concept known as the “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance” 1. In this theory, we attempt to link fundamental processes of the universe’s formation to the emergence of life using proton conductance as the central mechanism. Here’s a simplified explanation of how such a connection might work based on known concepts in physics, chemistry, and biology: 2. Big Bang and the Creation of Protons: • The Big Bang is the event that led to the expansion of the universe. During the first few moments, fundamental particles, including protons, were formed. Protons are essential components of atomic nuclei, particularly hydrogen, which is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. 3. Formation of Matter: • As the universe cooled after the Big Bang, protons, along with electrons, formed hydrogen atoms. These atoms eventually became the building blocks for more complex elements through nuclear fusion in stars. The formation of heavier elements laid the groundwork for complex chemistry, which is essential for life. 4. Proton Conductance and Energy Transfer: • In biological systems, protons play a crucial role in energy transfer processes, such as those found in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. The movement of protons across membranes in mitochondria generates a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis – the molecule responsible for energy in living organisms. 5. Nine-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance: • Ambaga’s “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle” likely proposes a specific, structured mechanism by which protons interact in cycles of energy transduction that could lead to life-sustaining processes. The “closed” nature suggests that the cycle operates continuously in a self-sustaining loop, possibly involving various steps where protons move, interact with molecules, and contribute to the complex reactions necessary for the emergence of life. 6. From Protons to Life: • The theory seems to bridge astrophysical events (such as the Big Bang and formation of protons) with the biochemical processes that are foundational for life. 7. In essence, we are suggesting that proton conductance cycles, which are key to energy production in cells, have roots in the very early moments of the universe. 8. Life could thus be viewed as an extension of these primordial proton-based processes that started at the beginning of time. 9. Unified Concept of Life and the Universe: • By linking the formation of protons in the Big Bang to the biochemical cycles in living organisms, ourtheory appears to propose a unified view where the fundamental particles of the universe directly influence the emergence of life through specific proton-driven processes. This theory would likely be interdisciplinary, combining elements from cosmology, particle physics, biochemistry, and molecular biology to provide a novel explanation of life’s origin. If you’re looking for more detailed or specific aspects of his theory, it would require exploring his published work or detailed academic presentations on this topic. Our theory on the closed 9-step cycle of proton conductance ties back to the Big Bang event, which laid the groundwork for proton and electron formation. According to this model, protons and electrons, essential to life, were created during the Big Bang around 15 billion years ago. These particles played a crucial role in the evolution of cellular processes over time. In particular, this model explains the complex mechanism by which cells produce energy through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) using a three-state line system that has evolved over 3.6 billion years. In such way we are propose the new discovery in the field of Biology and medicine by joining the three new conception as at first : new metabolic equation based on the proton conductance as metabolic medium as “Donators of proton as glucose molecules (first stage of proton conductance) + membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system + O2 (hemoglobin of the pulmonary capillary -8-th stage, hemoglobin of tissue-87 trillion cell-surrounded capillary-9-th stage) + ADP + Pi + (H+ + nH + memb.space - proton gradient-4-th stage) = (ATP + heat energy-5-th stage) + H2O (5-th stage) + (nH+matrix) + CO2(second stage of proton conductance),at second : Closed 9 stepped cycle and at third: System models of the Human bodyand at fourth : membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system. The term "closed cycle" implies that the process is cyclic, returning to its initial state after completing all steps, which is a characteristic of many biological processes to ensure efficient and continuous operation.

India has recently started a new movement to reform industries, workplaces, manufacturing hubs, towns, and urban cities from which carbon emissions have arisen. The coal and oil industries are the two potential key areas contributing to the highest environmental pollution. For this purpose, India has started adopting innovative green strategies and clean technologies to reduce the possible risks. The national government after 2014 came out with a certain new approach to propose environmental policies that are green-friendly. The government has thus launched several eco-friendly governance strategies such as the Swachha Bharat Mission (SBM), the National Clean Environmental Policy, the National Renewable Policy (NRP), and the National Solar Mission (NSM). However, green capacity building is one of the important endeavors at the hands of international, national, regional, and local levels. The government also tries to bring adequate attention to private industries and the big corporate sector to develop renewable energy techniques. Therefore, the term green governance implies resilient capacity building for eco-management. Another concern for the government is empowering the financial sector, NGOs, and private institutions and making the green product effective for the environment. Hence, the paper attempts to explore the role of green institutional building or capacity building and sustainable environmental governance laws in India during the phase of the NDA-led Modi government.