Table of Contents: Volume 16; Issue 10; October 2024

Rédiger un article scientifique pour des nombreux jeunes chercheurs peut s’avérer un exercice extrêmement difficile. Pendant leurs carrières peu d'entre eux reçoivent une formation spécifique dans l'art de présenter leurs travaux de recherche sous forme écrite. Cependant, un manuscrit incohérent peut saper l'étude scientifique la plus méticuleuse. En effet, l’écriture scientifique possède son propre code qui diffère de celui qui s’applique à l’écriture utilitaire ou créative. Elle requiert des phrases courtes, concises et directes et des règles précises concernant la présentation et les contenus à aborder. La rédaction scientifique est vitale pour l’avancement en carrière, l'obtention de financements ou des titres académiques pour les chercheurs. Alors pour toutes ces raisons, même si elle peut s’avérer complexe à maîtriser, la diffusion des résultats de recherche originaux par la publication d’articles scientifiques est essentielle pour permettre le développement des connaissances, l’amélioration des pratiques et l’émergence de débats. Nous décrivons ici les étapes de base à suivre pour rédiger un article scientifique. Dans ce manuscrit nous avons énuméré les principales parties que contienne un article scientifique ainsi que les éléments qui doivent y figurer et quelques conseils pour rendre le résultat global attrayant et acceptable pour la publication.

De nos jours, l’environnement naturel est en plein changement sous l’influence du climat et des pressions anthropiques. La Forêt Classée de Dinderesso n’est pas en marge de cette situation. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer par télédétection l’évolution de la dynamique de la couverture ligneuse durant la période de 2000 à 2013. Pour ce faire, Des images Landsat de 2000, 2006 et de 2013 ont été utilisées. Des opérations sur Envi 5.3, la sortie de validation terrain et enfin la cartographie sur ArcGIS ont été les étapes. La discrimination entre les différentes classes thématiques est statistiquement significative avec des précisions statistiques globales de 81,77%, 82,06% et 82,63%. La classification indique une réduction de la végétation des savanes arbustive (-27,06%) et herbeuse (-2,29%) au profit d’autres unités et une augmentation des champs (2,05%), de la savane arborée (14,29%) et de la savane boisée (12,56%). La carte de variation des unités d’occupation des terres a révélé un changement prononcé du couvert végétal sur 55,44% de sa superficie totale entre 2000 et 2013. Au regard de ces résultats, il est plus que nécessaire d’élaborer une stratégie de gestion durable de cette aires classée.

O currículo escolar desempenha um papel fundamental na formação cidadã dos estudantes, influenciando diretamente suas competências e valores sociais. Através da educação formal, o currículo contribui para o desenvolvimento de habilidades críticas, reflexivas e participativas, necessárias para a atuação consciente na sociedade. A formação cidadã envolve não apenas o conhecimento teórico, mas também a construção de práticas e atitudes que promovam a convivência democrática e o respeito às diversidades. Dessa forma, a educação voltada para a cidadania deve considerar aspectos culturais, éticos e políticos, promovendo o engajamento ativo dos alunos. O objetivo geral deste artigo é analisar como o currículo escolar contribui para a formação cidadã dos estudantes. Os objetivos específicos são: - identificar as práticas pedagógicas presentes no currículo que fomentam a cidadania; - verificar a presença de conteúdos que incentivem o pensamento crítico e a participação social; - avaliar a importância da interdisciplinaridade na construção de uma educação cidadã. O problema de pesquisa que norteia este estudo é: De que maneira o currículo escolar contribui para a formação cidadã dos estudantes? A metodologia utilizada foi bibliográfica, com base em uma revisão de literatura de obras que tratam da relação entre currículo escolar e cidadania. Os resultados indicam que um currículo que integra princípios democráticos, valores sociais e práticas de respeito mútuo favorece o desenvolvimento de cidadãos críticos e participativos. A discussão reforça a necessidade de uma abordagem interdisciplinar que contemple a diversidade e as múltiplas realidades dos estudantes. Conclui-se que o currículo escolar deve ser constantemente revisado e adaptado para atender às demandas sociais e formar indivíduos capazes de atuar de forma ética e responsável na sociedade, exercendo plenamente seus direitos e deveres como cidadãos.

Numerous parasites can be found in dogs and cats, and they have been linked to the human spread of zoonotic illnesses. In Ekiti State, 160 dogs and 25 cats were tested for parasites in a community-based cross-sectional study.Freshly passed stools from dogs and cats were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by modified sucrose floatation technique. The overall prevalence of parasite from dog and cat were 40 and 20 % respectively. The prevalence of parasite among dogs were 32.8%, 21.9 %, 35.9%, 1.6 % and 7.8 % for Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocaracanis, Ascarislumbricoides, Trichuristrichuria and Hookworm respectively while for cats 60 % and 40 % for Hookworm and Entamoebahistolytica. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in male and female dogs were 61.9 % and 38.1 % respectively. The seroprevalence of A. lumbrocoidesin male and female dogs were 56.5 % and 43.5 % respectively; seroprevalence for T. trichuria in male dog was 100 % and none was detected in female dog, seroprevalence for hookworm in male and female dogs were 40.0 % and 60 % respectively, while seroprevalence for hookworm in male and female cats were 66.7 % and 33.3 % respectively; seroprevalence for E. histolytica in female dog was 100 % and none was detected in male cat. No ToxoplasmagondiiandToxocaracanis were detected in cats. The potential risk factors for transmission of toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and other intestinal parasitesidentified in the study area include the keeping of free range dog and cat, improper handling and disposal of dog and cat faeces andlivestock manure, and consumption of untreated water. There should be increase in awareness campaigns on toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis and other intestinal parasites among people this would help in providing more information to enable informeddecision making about disease control and to empowerwith knowledge to curb transmission from animalsto man.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Spontaneous rupture of HCC is a rare and acute complication with a high mortality rate, requiring urgent intervention. This report presents a rare case of spontaneous rupture of HCC in a 36-year-old female who presented to the emergency department of the General Hospital of Fortaleza with severe abdominal pain in the epigastric and right hypochondriac regions. A CT scan revealed a large, heterogeneous mass, mostly liquefied, with heterogeneous enhancement and poorly defined borders in segments II and III of the liver. The mass had an estimated volume of 1248 ml and had caused rupture of the hepatic cortex. Emergency exploratory surgery identified a large hemoperitoneum secondary to the spontaneous rupture of the liver tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosing rupture in patients without a history of cirrhosis or HCC can be challenging. We emphasize the need for radiologists to consider HCC rupture in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.

What is the ideal maintenance dose of aspirin for stroke prevention in an asian population?

Strengthening nutritional support for tb patients: expansion of the ni-kshay poshan yojana

Background and Objective: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disorder has profound short-term and long-term impacts on both the affected woman’s and her child’s health. Early preeclampsia prediction will reduce this associated morbidity and mortality as it will give the chance for frequent maternal and fetal surveillance and application of prophylactic procedures. The aim of this study to compare Perinatal Outcome of Mother and Fetus on the basis of screening and prevention of Preeclampsia between first and second trimester. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted in M.L.B. Medical College, Jhansi. The study was included 1200 pregnant women who were screened either on first visit of their 1st trimester of pregnancy or either first visit of their 2nd trimester of pregnancy. The pregnant women divided into two groups according to their timing of first ANC visit in centre. They were monitored at every routine visit until pregnancy. At perinatal outcome in both groups were recorded and compared. Result: A total of 1,200 pregnant women enrolled in the study. There was no difference in both the groups with regards to maternal age. The mean uterine PI in group A was 1.85±0.3 while in group A it was 1.65±0.2 in group B, there was significant difference in both the groups with p<0.0001. There was statistically significant difference in both group when compared for preeclampsia, birth weight, rate of cesarean delivery. Conclusion: First-trimester screening of PE, which combines maternal factors, obstetric and medical history, biochemical and biophysical markers, is useful to predict early-onset PE in a routine care setting. Early prediction could potentially improve the outcome by close surveillance of the patient and timely intervention of prophylactic medications.

Background: Acute Leukemia’s are a group of hematologic malignancies characterized by malignant proliferation of hematopoietic cells, involving the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Methods: This study evaluated the subtypes of Acute Leukemia’s in the native Kashmiri populace based on bone marrow and peripheral blood examination, the study itself being conducted at the Tertiary care hospital of Government Medical College, Srinagar, J&K, at the Department of Pathology. The research spans three years, encompassing both retrospective and prospective cases. Results: During the study period 145 cases were diagnosed as Acute Leukaemia, 86 (59.31%) were diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes and 59(40.68%) as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtypes. Conclusion: This study underscores the pivotal role of bone marrow examination in accurately diagnosing and sub-typing Acute Leukemias.

Background: India is facing heavy burden of NCDs (Non-Communicable Diseaes) because of explosion in the epidemiological transition worldwide. In that mainly diabetes, obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors like dyslipidemia plays a important role in the prevalence of NCDs and hence, increase in the cardio vascular events like atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Objective: In present study the effect of Kalonji (Negilla Sativa) seed oil is experimented on cardiometabolic risk factors partly i,e dyslipidemia in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Materials and Methods: wistar albino rats of wt 200-250gms were selected and fed with high fat diet for a period of four weeks to induce insulin resistance later direct diabetis was induced by alloxan monohydrate. After induction of diabetes animals fed with standard drug atorvastatin, different doses of Kalonji 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg . The data was collected by estimating Bl. glucose levels on day 0, 7, 14 and on 30th day. Lipid profile done with higher dose of kalonji 600/kg body wt. on Day Zero (before treatment) and day 30 (after treatment). Results and Conclusion: It is observed that high dose 600mg/kg body wt. of kalonji showed significant hypolipidemic activity as compare to control and standard drug atorvastatin 10mg/kg body wt. It showed decrease in total cholesterol and LDL levels significantly as that of standard drug Atorvastatin 10mg/kg. And also Hypoglycemic effect of Kalonji at 600mg has shown a potent action as compared to 200mg and 400mg. Kalonji also has not produced any toxic changes with high. Hence kaloonji (negilla sativa) proves that it has both hepato toxicity, rensl toxicity activity which helps in decreasing the risk factors in the development of CVDs and NCDs.

By us has developed a unique theory that connects the Big Bang event, protons, and the formation of life through own concept known as the “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance” 1. In this theory, we attempt to link fundamental processes of the universe’s formation to the emergence of life using proton conductance as the central mechanism. Here’s a simplified explanation of how such a connection might work based on known concepts in physics, chemistry, and biology: 2. Big Bang and the Creation of Protons: • The Big Bang is the event that led to the expansion of the universe. During the first few moments, fundamental particles, including protons, were formed. Protons are essential components of atomic nuclei, particularly hydrogen, which is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe. 3. Formation of Matter: • As the universe cooled after the Big Bang, protons, along with electrons, formed hydrogen atoms. These atoms eventually became the building blocks for more complex elements through nuclear fusion in stars. The formation of heavier elements laid the groundwork for complex chemistry, which is essential for life. 4. Proton Conductance and Energy Transfer: • In biological systems, protons play a crucial role in energy transfer processes, such as those found in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. The movement of protons across membranes in mitochondria generates a proton gradient, which drives ATP synthesis – the molecule responsible for energy in living organisms. 5. Nine-Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance: • Ambaga’s “Closed 9-Stepped Cycle” likely proposes a specific, structured mechanism by which protons interact in cycles of energy transduction that could lead to life-sustaining processes. The “closed” nature suggests that the cycle operates continuously in a self-sustaining loop, possibly involving various steps where protons move, interact with molecules, and contribute to the complex reactions necessary for the emergence of life. 6. From Protons to Life: • The theory seems to bridge astrophysical events (such as the Big Bang and formation of protons) with the biochemical processes that are foundational for life. 7. In essence, we are suggesting that proton conductance cycles, which are key to energy production in cells, have roots in the very early moments of the universe. 8. Life could thus be viewed as an extension of these primordial proton-based processes that started at the beginning of time. 9. Unified Concept of Life and the Universe: • By linking the formation of protons in the Big Bang to the biochemical cycles in living organisms, ourtheory appears to propose a unified view where the fundamental particles of the universe directly influence the emergence of life through specific proton-driven processes. This theory would likely be interdisciplinary, combining elements from cosmology, particle physics, biochemistry, and molecular biology to provide a novel explanation of life’s origin. If you’re looking for more detailed or specific aspects of his theory, it would require exploring his published work or detailed academic presentations on this topic. Our theory on the closed 9-step cycle of proton conductance ties back to the Big Bang event, which laid the groundwork for proton and electron formation. According to this model, protons and electrons, essential to life, were created during the Big Bang around 15 billion years ago. These particles played a crucial role in the evolution of cellular processes over time. In particular, this model explains the complex mechanism by which cells produce energy through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) using a three-state line system that has evolved over 3.6 billion years. In such way we are propose the new discovery in the field of Biology and medicine by joining the three new conception as at first : new metabolic equation based on the proton conductance as metabolic medium as “Donators of proton as glucose molecules (first stage of proton conductance) + membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system + O2 (hemoglobin of the pulmonary capillary -8-th stage, hemoglobin of tissue-87 trillion cell-surrounded capillary-9-th stage) + ADP + Pi + (H+ + nH + memb.space - proton gradient-4-th stage) = (ATP + heat energy-5-th stage) + H2O (5-th stage) + (nH+matrix) + CO2(second stage of proton conductance),at second : Closed 9 stepped cycle and at third: System models of the Human bodyand at fourth : membrane redox potentials in the three-state line system. The term "closed cycle" implies that the process is cyclic, returning to its initial state after completing all steps, which is a characteristic of many biological processes to ensure efficient and continuous operation.

Biogas is basically methane produced from natural digester process in a biogas plant. This is an anaerobic mechanism which involves the use of certain microorganisms like fungus, bacteria, yeast etc which feed upon the wet, thick liquid organic matter from the plant or animal source. The most desired sources are like cow dung, poultry feed, press mud from the sugar factories, plant straw or husk from vegetative sources like rice, Napier grass, millets or other grasses from the botanical family Graminae. The dry grass or husk is chopped, crushed, thrown into a coarse powder and then made into a semi thick running paste by a giant agitator wheel and then pushed into the dark, anaerobic chambers where the above material is digested upon by various fungi, yeast or other microorganisms and various gasses are released like methane, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia etc which are further passed through respective purification processes and methane is then packed in containers as compressed biogas and other gasses are also separated and packed for various purposes known in the field. This process is claimed to be clean and green operation and so is being promoted on a massive scale but there certainly are two sides of a coin and recently many drawbacks of this clean process have started to surface. The carcinogenic affect in humans is one such unwelcome outcome and the reproductive inefficiency is another. The various aspects are discussed and debated in this write up.

Social Responsibility (CSR) means Companies promising to do business in a way that’s good for the economy, Society and the Environment. The core of the Indian businesses adhered towards their social responsibilities since ancient times. Ancient Indian literatures promoted this concept on several occasions. However, it is the Companies Act,2013 which formalised the same in the compulsory spend on CSR activities. As a result, during the post mandate period, CSR landscape in India has changed permanently. In this context, an effort will be made to explore the macro trends in CSR in India during the period of 2014-15 to 2021-22. The study will effort to bring out trends in some important aspects of CSR activities undertaken by Indian Companies which may have important policy implications.

Mission Shakti is a flagship program launched by the Government of Uttar Pradesh in India to promote women's empowerment and self-reliance through skill development, employment generation, and entrepreneurship. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Mission Shakti's skill development initiatives in enhancing women's employment prospects in Uttar Pradesh. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that Mission Shakti has had a positive impact on women's skill acquisition, employability, and income levels. However, challenges such as limited access to formal employment, gender-based discrimination, and societal barriers persist. The study recommends strengthening public-private partnerships, promoting gender-responsive policies, and addressing systemic inequalities to maximize the program's impact on women's economic empowerment in Uttar Pradesh.

This research study represents an essential initial step to delving into the potential for investigating information-seeking behaviours and knowledge-conservation practices among traditional medicine practitioners. The study thoroughly examines the existing literature on information-seeking strategies and knowledge-conservation practices within this community. It meticulously explores the nuanced meanings and definitions of traditional medicine, information-seeking, and knowledge conservation in this context, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the study meticulously analyzes the current research trends in traditional medicine, shedding light on the diverse approaches employed for information gathering, the procedures utilized for preserving knowledge, and the multifaceted challenges encountered in this process.