May 2024

Manipur is a state in the northeastern region of India that has witnessed numerous conflicts where women and children are among the most affected. Innumerable studies show women in Manipur as agents of change but these were mostly the non-tribal women. In light of this context, this paper looks into the roles of tribal women, especially the Zomi women in Churachandpur town in bringing change concerning children. This work is based on primary data collection through a semi-structured interview method. The paper highlights that Zomi Mothers’ Association (ZMA) focuses on emancipating children by providing shelter, education of girl children, and psychological support. Hence, women themselves, though largely affected by conflict, are working for the emancipation of another ‘vulnerable’ social group, i.e. children.

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) area group of rare autoimmune diseases affecting mainly the central nervous system. The optic nerve and spinal cord are commonly involved in the disease process. Prevalence is higherin females ofreproductive age groupthan males at a ratio of 3–9:1. [1-5]Diagnosis and managementof NMOSD cases with pregnancy is challenging and needs a multidisciplinary approach for management. We are presenting the case of primigravida with sudden onset of weakness of both lower limbs at 20 weeks of gestation, diagnosed as a case of Neuromyelitis OpticaSpectrum Disorder; in her third trimester, pregnancy was complicated with oligohydramnios and fetal growth restriction.

Many degenerative diseases are caused by oxidative stress, which is linked to excessive generation of pro-oxidants (free radicals) over antioxidants. Plants have been reported as cheap and rich source of natural compounds with notable bioactivities. This study was therefore designed to assess the free radicals scavenging and antioxidant activities of ethanol leaf extracts of six ethnomedicinal plants from Nigeria using in-vitro methods. This was done by conducting preliminary phytochemical screening, estimating total phenols and flavonoids contents, and determining free radical scavenging/antioxidant activities of the six plants extracts in different models, viz: DPPH radical scavenging, Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging and Ferric reducing-antioxidant power assays. The results show that PGE and PMEhave highest (51.36±7.44mgGAE/g Extract) and lowest (35.42±5.91mgGAE/g Extract) phenols content respectively, while OGE and SAE have highest (49.71±4.50mg QE/g Extract) and lowest (27.16±5.34mg QE/g Extract) flavonoids contents respectively. All the six plants exhibited significant (p<0.05) antioxidant activity, but interestingly, PGE, GLE and OGE respectively produced highest DPPH scavenging (62.68%), NO scavenging (67.95%) and Ferric reducing (69.33%) activities, and thereforecan be exploited as important sources of antioxidant compounds. We therefore recommend for further isolation, characterization of active principles and testing in animal models, with a view to develop natural antioxidants that can used in management of oxidative stress-related disorders.

This paper was undertaken to survey the use of modern audio visual aids in the learning of Science in some selected high school in Thiruvarur. To find the solution to the problems which gave to undertaking the survey questionnaires were raised to check the availability of use and the attitude of students towards modern audio-visual aids in language teaching in the selected high schools in the local government areas of study. From the findings, it was discovered that modern audio-visual aids are significant differences in gender and locality of students in their use of modern audio-visual aids Attitude. Recommendations were therefore made to the appropriate authorities to provide and maintain modern audio-visual aids in the learning of science studies to enhance the promotion of learning among pupils towards improved yearly performance and daily use.

Co-curricular activities are a crucial and essential component of the curriculum in today's educational system. Often referred to as extracurricular activities, these extend beyond conventional academic subjects and hold a unique place in the educational landscape. They cover numerous activities, from sports and the arts to social gatherings and volunteer work. Participation in co-curricular activities fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. Whether it's organizing an event, writing for a club, or designing a robot, students engage their minds in ways that complement their formal education. Co-curricular activities promote the growth of diverse mental and personality dimensions, including intellectual, emotional, social, moral and artistic development. These activities include disciplines that are not part of the usual academic curriculum but are beneficial for an individual's overall development. Educational system includes knowledge-based curriculum along with co-curricular activities that in turn builds up the sense of creative skills and leadership skills. Therefore, we’ve done a survey on how the co-curricular activities foster the administrative skills as well as leadership qualities within the school students.

Gloriosa superba L. is associated with a plethora of medicinal benefits and ethnomedical applications since time immemorial. The current rare state of this plant is the result of over-exploitation for its medical uses. To address Gloriosa superba's low seed set issue, tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis techniques needed to be standardized. In the present study, we tried to develop a standard protocol for in-vitro propagation of G. superba in the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh. G. superba was cultured under circumstances designed for in vitro regeneration utilizing nodal segment explants. The combination of MS+1.5 mg/l BAP+0.5 mg/l NAA produced the most number of shoots (7±0.18), demonstrating the best shoot induction. The number of shoots per culture increased by adding 10% coconut water (CW) to the previously mentioned medium, and the length of the shoots increased by adding 100 mg/l of urea to the media. Shoots cultivated on half-strength MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA + 0.5 mg/l NAA showed the best rooting. The medicinal and conservation components of G. superba will benefit from this established approach, enabling it to satisfy future economic demands.

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive technique used to restore sinus ventilation and normal function. FESS like any other surgery is also associated with both intra and post-operative complications. Due to lack of local data on FESS the burden on indication and complications of this procedure is not known, so this study will help to identify them and develop a local guideline for proper management of FESS. Material and Method: Descriptive cross sectional study hospital based study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital for 8 months from February 2022 to September 2022and involved all patients who underwent FESS and consented. One hundred and twelve (112)patients were studied; were followed from admission, intra-operatively and four weeks post-operative for complications. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS version 23, to determine the complications, the proportion of all patients undergoing FESS and those with complications were calculated. Findings were presented using tables, graphs and text. Results: A total 112 patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study, comprising female 57(50.9%) and male 55(49.1%).The age ranged from 8 years to 77 years and majority belonged to age group 25-39 years. The indications for FESS were CRS without NP 49(43.8%), followed by CRS with NP 34(30.4%) and others 3(2.7%) which were, two (2) synechiae released with sinus opening and one(1) was sinus tumor excision. The complication rate was 8.1% whereby there was no intraoperative or major complications. The lead complication was crusts 3(2.7%)and the complication were decreased during the time of follow up where endoscopic toilets was done, though one(1) patient had synechiae till last week follow up scheduled for release later. Conclusions: The indications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery were similar to other studies where majority had chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. There were minor complications which were managed during the time of follow up with endoscopic toileting. So post-operative follow up is the main stay for reducing complications post operatively.

Introduction: A needle stick injury is a serious occupational health hazard in health care settings. Health care workers are at risk of blood borne diseases and the psychological consequences of these injuries. These injuries are a major source of infections with blood-borne diseases like Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The risk of transmission of this infection after exposure to percutaneous injuries with infected blood is 2–40% for HBV, 2.7–10% for HCV, and 0.3% for HIV. Additionally, studies show an influence on the mental health of the injured HCWs. Anxiety, depression, and worry about being infected or transmitting the infection to their family affected their quality of life. Materials and Methods: Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A tertiary care hospital in Panipat. Participants: 105 resident doctors, and consultants. Results: A large percentage (32.4%) of HCWs reported having had one or more NSIs in their career.43.8% of males and 56.2 females were affected .More than half (29.8%) ascribed fatigue, work load as a cause in their injury. Most of the injuries (35.2%) occurred during recapping. In addition, heavy work load (44%), caused the highest rate of injuries, followed by inattention and hasty work (25.8%). Regarding post-exposure actions of the 39% respondents first washed the injury site with soap and water while 8.6% just squeezed the blood. Only 15% of the HCWs took post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against HIV/AIDS after their injury. Conclusions: Avoidable practices like recapping of needles were contributing to the injuries. Prevention of NSI is an integral part of prevention programs in the work place, and training of HCWs regarding safety practices indispensably needs to be an ongoing activity at a hospital.

This philosophical reflection delves into the intricate relationship between democracy and gender in Africa, focusing on the complexities of power dynamics, rights, and opportunities. It explores the concept of gender, its social construction, and its relevance in African cultures, histories, and political contexts. The discourse emphasizes the importance of inclusivity, equality, and participation in shaping democratic processes and outcomes. It argues that gender equality is an essential component of a thriving democracy, ensuring fair representation and the realization of human rights for all citizens. The reflection also examines the struggles faced by women in Africa in their quest for gender equality and political participation. It examines the impact of patriarchal norms, socio-cultural practices, and institutional barriers that hinder women's advancement in democratic systems. The significance of feminist movements and collective action in challenging gender inequalities is also highlighted. The reflection critically analyses the role of African governments, civil society organizations, and international actors in promoting gender-responsive democratic practices. It examines the implementation of legal frameworks, policies, and affirmative action measures aimed at promoting gender equality, representation, and women’s empowerment. Drawing on the concepts of philosophers Locke, Wiredu, and Hountondji, the reflection suggests potential pathways for advancing democracy and gender equality in Africa. It emphasizes the importance of education, awareness-raising, and cultural transformation in dismantling gender stereotypes and promoting gender-sensitive democratic values.

The ecotoxicological Background: Intra uterine foetal death is an emotional distress for mother, her family and for the obstetrician also. Timely intervention reduces this. The study determine the possible causes of stillbirths or IUFD. Material and methods: This was a Prospective observational study was conducted from September 2022 to August 2023. The study included all pregnant women who were delivered at the hospital with Intrauterine Fetal Demise or Still Birth at or after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Results: Intra uterine fetal death was found 42.98 per 1000. The most common maternal cause of IUFD was Pregnancy induced hypertension (30.0%) followed by Antepartum hemorrhage (22.43%) and congenital malformation (5.75%). Out of 140 IUD, 22 still births were due to involvement of multiple factors. Conclusion: Intrauterine foetal mortality may be prevented by modifying maternal risk factors such as hypertension, severe anaemia, and diabetes management. IUFD can be prevented by early registration of pregnancy, good nutrition, regular ANC visits and early referral to tertiary centre.

Enzootic bovine leukemia is a disease of cattle in which the epidemiological cause of the disease is bovine leukosis virus (BLV). Cattle with LSA al most invariably die either suddenly or weeks or months after the onset of clinical signs. The BLV infection has been associated with direct production losses (milk loss, premature voluntary culling and reduced slaughter value, mortality loss and abortion, reproductive loss) and treatment costs (veterinary services, medication cost and extra farm labour cost), with reduced export competitiveness and increased consumer concerns regarding safety. In Tunisia, cattle breeding represents an important component in agricultural production, in the national economy, in the social field and in human health. It has been classified among the priority sectors because it generates two strategic products (milk and meat). This work consists of a descriptive sero-epidemiological survey to estimate the rate of leucosic infection of herds and animals belonging to seven farms in the organized sector of three Tunisian governorates: Jandouba, Kasserine and Sidi Bouzid located in the north and central west.A total random sample of 393 dairy cows over five years of age was surveyed on the seven farms. The ELISA test is the test used in our epidemiological investigation; it made it possible to obtain the following results; animal’s infection rate level is 21.37±1.44%. The results found in this survey, show that leucosal infection is gaining ground compared to those found in previous surveys, hence the need to apply adequate hygienic measures and to establish an action plan in order to reduce an important risk of amplification.

Water in this climate change era is perceived as a treasured commodity that can be traded but to be managed for human survival. The ballooning population further exacerbates climatic shocks evidenced in drylands with land fragmentation and degradation increasing in an effort to settle the growing populations. Increasing demands for food and shelter continue to contribute to land use changes which hamper the biophysical tenets required to sustain water availability in these regions. Turkana County was chosen for this study because of its unique location and its contribution to water availability for the communities. Further, challenges of water availability from rainfall in the drylands were addressed in relation to livelihood sustenance. Drylands often experience disruptions of livelihoods brought about by extremes of water availability. It was established that rainfall in the county is highly variable in both space (36% ≤ CV ≤ 135%) and time (1.0 ≤ SAI ≤ 4). Increasing rainfall trends and intensities provide a potential for runoff rainwater harvesting while high variability makes rainfall unpredictable thus calling for the development of an early warning system to support community resilience to floods and droughts. Land use is also changing with time and this has tended to complicate the biophysical aspect of water availability which is always the starting point in defining water availability for livelihood activities.

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection, caused by encapsulated fungi, belonging to genus Cryptococcus, it’s a fungus that lives in the environment which has the ability to cross Blood-Brain barrier .Cryptococcus neoformans is more commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals due to widespread use of Immunosuppressive therapy. A38 year old male patient with history of post renal transplant status was diagnosed with cutaneous cryptococcosis. Patient came to Nephrology OPD, Victoria hospital with complaints of non-healing ulcer over left buttock region with on and off fever for 3 months. Later patient was referred to Dermatology and Venerology department where he was examined and under aseptic precautions, biopsy was taken for histopathological examination and Tissue bits was sent for bacterial and fungal culture and sensitivity. The fungal culture report yielded Cryptococcus neoformans. Patient was started on IV amphotericin B for 2 weeks, later shifted on to oral drugs fluconazole and flucytosine at the time of discharge. Ulcer was completely healed by the end of 3 months, with no significant side effects. Cryptococcosis infection can spread to humans when they come in contact with pigeon droppings which usually occurs after inhalation of the fungal spores.

This research employs a mixed-methods approach to examine the interplay of innovation, strategic alliances, and sustainability as fundamental drivers of Chinese entrepreneurial success. Through qualitative analysis of interviews and case studies and quantitative analysis of statistical data, this study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of these strategies and their impact on business growth and sustainable practices. The findings highlight the pivotal role of continuous innovation in differentiating Chinese businesses in the market, the significance of strategic alliances in expanding their reach and accessing new technologies, and the integration of sustainability across their operational framework. The quantitative analysis further reveals measurable insights into the positive influence of investing in innovation, forming strategic alliances, and integrating sustainable practices on the growth and competitiveness of Chinese businesses.

Under the background of COVID-19, the process of education informatization, digitalization and intelligence has been greatly accelerated. Block chain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, distributed data storage and high data reliability. Its application in education domain is conducive to solving the problems of data barriers, information security and trust crisis in the process of education informatization. It is of great significance for integrating education data resources and systems and building an education credit system. For students, teachers, schools and other four types of education credit subjects, this paper analyzes four scenarios and specific functions of block chain technology applied to education credit information collection and recording, information interconnection and sharing, information transparency management and refined supervision of education credit system, and introduces two application cases. The application of block chain technology in the construction of education credit system is in essence to use technical means to promote the reconstruction of education governance thinking and governance mode and the innovation of education governance system, and finally to realize the modernization of education governance ability.

Lithium-ion batteries are state-of-the-art energy storage technology. Instead of having remarkable features, a highly accurate, reliable, and cost-effective battery monitoring technology should continuously monitor the battery cell parameters and ensure the parameters are within the safe operating area recommended by the manufacturer. Direct measurement of the Li-ion cell's state of charge or SOC is impossible but can be estimated with reasonable accuracy with the help of state estimation algorithms. A precise estimation of SOC is always needed to enhance the cycle life and safety of lithium-ion batteries. Since the internal electrochemical kinetics of the Li-Ion cells are highly complex and non-linear, the non-linear variants of the Kalman filter, such as the Extended Kalman filter (EKF) and Sigma-Point Kalman filter (SPKF) perform exceptionally well in the presence of uncertainties in initial estimates and sensor measurements. This article evaluates the performance of EKF and SPKF for SOC estimation accuracy in terms of RMSE error. The experiment results show that SPKF slightly outperforms EKF. Both EKF and KF demonstrate strong robustness against current noise.

Winged bean belongs to the legume family Fabaceae, sub-family of Papilionoideae, tribe Phaseoleae, genus Psophocarpus and species Psophocarpus tetragonolobus. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus is a twining, perennial herb that’s characterized by its tuberous roots and its winged pods. Psophocarpus comes from a Greek word that means “noisy fruit.” The winged bean also known as cigarillas, goa bean, four-angled bean, four-cornered bean, manila bean, princess bean, star bean, kamrangi bean, pea, dragon bean, and is a tropical herbaceous legume plant. There are two types of varieties viz., 1) Day-Neutral - Blooms during longer days, allowing out of season production. 2) Pang Daeng Nawk – Short day-length variety from northern Thailand, produces long, tender pods (30 cm). Winged bean is a climbing plant similar in appearance and growth habit to pole beans. Winged beans are also known as Goa bean or princess bean. As with other legumes, these bean plants can help add nitrogen to your soils. They are propagated by seed, but stem-cutting under mist may also be used for propagation. There is a serious germination problem with winged bean seeds, but germination can be improved by scarification. Winged bean is adapted to tropical conditions and is grown in Southeast Asia, Papua New Guinea, various Pacific Islands, and Africa. The tender pods are the most widely consumed part of the plant, especially throughout Asia, but the leaves, stems, flowers, seeds, and tuberous roots are all nutritionally valuable and are used as food. Winged bean is another of the legumes with elevated seed oil content; varieties typically average 15% oil, with protein levels of 30–37%. The tuberous roots are a good source of energy in the form of starch, and they contain 8–10% protein. Many tuberous legumes are underutilized, with little or no research attention given to their genetic improvement, thereby limiting their potential to support food, nutritional, and economic security. Understanding and exploiting the potential of winged bean will enhance its role in regions where it can be cultivated. This crop is utilized as seeds and as tuberous roots, as both have high nutritional value. Winged bean is popularly known as “One Species Supermarket” for its nutrient-dense green pods, immature seeds, tubers, leaves, and mature seeds. This underutilised crop has potential beneficial traits related to its biological nitrogen-fixation to support low-input farming. Reliance on a handful of “major” crops has led to decreased diversity in crop species, agricultural systems and human diets. To reverse this trend, we need to encourage the greater use of minor, “orphan”, underutilised species. The crop originated in South-East Asia or perhaps Papua New Guinea. It is widely grown in hot humid equatorial countries throughout Southeast Asia and East Africa, and is an important leguminous vegetable crop in Thailand, Burma, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Ghana, and Nigeria. Although the young pod of the winged bean is the most popularly consumed part, the rest of the plant parts are also edible when appropriately prepared. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Winged Bean are discussed.

Traditional medicinal practices in Mexico often involve the use of aromatic and medicinal plants to treat gastrointestinal diseases, as they have shown significant antibacterial activity against various clinically relevant bacterial strains. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from the leaves of Chenopodium ambrosiodes, Psidium guajaba, Citrus lemon, Lippia graveolens, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha spicata, and Ocimun basilicum. Materials and Methods: The essential oils' chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and their antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method. Additionally, antioxidant activity was determined. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Notably, Lippia graveolens exhibited remarkable efficacy against most bacterial strains, except for B. subtillis. In conclusion, the essential oils of Lippia graveolens, Citrus lemon, Thymus vulgaris, and Mentha spicata demonstrated the highest inhibition activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Shigella dysenteriae.

The land-use dynamics of Hopea odorata, an invasive species, are being monitored in Banco National Park. The aim was to examine the spatial evolution of the species from 2000 to 2021. To this end, vegetation cover was mapped and analysed using Landsat satellite images from the years ETM + 2000 and 2010 and OLI 2021 acquired on the USGS platform. The rate of change of the area occupied by Hopea odorata was also assessed. The study showed that the area occupied by Hopea odorata increased by 56.44% from 2000 to 2010, i.e. from 20.29 ha to 31.74 ha, and by 36.07%, i.e. from 31.74 ha to 45.27 ha during the period from 2010 to 2021. Thus, from 2000 to 2021, the area occupied by Hopea odorata rose from 20.29 ha to 45.27 ha, representing a 123.12% increase in the Park's surface area. In view of the upward trend of this species, management measures need to be considered in order to protect and conserve the Park's biodiversity in the long term, and to prevent the invasion of this forest massif.

Background: This research project endeavors to address challenges in patient safety and nursing leadership within healthcare. By delving into nursing leadership competencies, it aims to reshape healthcare practices, mitigating issues such as patient falls, pressure injuries and medication errors. Through proactive measures, including targeted training programs, it seeks to cultivate a transformative patient safety culture. The outcomes are anticipated to establish evidence-based practices and act as a catalyst for continuous improvement in healthcare nursing leadership and patient care. Methods: Embarking on a transformative journey within healthcare, this research embraces Metamorphosed Leadership, blending skills in Amalgated Empowerment for a harmonious environment. It aims to revolutionize healthcare leadership with seven potent forces, ensuring excellence, innovation, and Cultural Competence. The study adopts an Analytical Evaluatory Approach, assessing interventions' effectiveness across 22 units of HCG Group of Hospitals using Non-Randomized Pre-test & Post-test Design. Targeting Nursing Heads & Mid-level managers, a sample of 207 individuals has been selected via Convenient Sampling, with Descriptive Analysis interpreting findings for improved patient safety. Results: The research examined nursing leadership across 22 units of HCG Hospitals, involving 207 individuals with diverse qualifications and experience. Data collection spanned January 2023 to April 2023, followed by interventions from May 2023 to July 2023, aiming to enhance patient safety culture and reduce performance indicators with promotion of Hand Hygiene. Meticulously selected leaders drove outcomes, leading to organizational achievements such as AACI (American Accreditation Commission International Accreditation) and AHPI (Association of Healthcare Providers India)Award of Nursing Excellence. Initiatives like Fall Prevention posters, Safe Injection Posters, development of Drug calculation checklist, extravasation prevention steps and scientific forums fortified patient safety, fostering continual improvement. Successful nursing conclave and conference underscored collaboration, culminating in excellence and future strides for sustained nursing innovation and excellence in healthcare practices. Conclusion: Augmented clinical excellence, seen in reduced pressure ulcers, medication administration errors, extravasation and fall rates, which enhances patient care & enhances nurses’ satisfaction, curbing turnover, underscore success. Nursing conclave and conference bolster team building, concluding in a transformative healthcare improvement journey.

Measuring organizational performance has become a major preoccupation of many organizations in the modern times. Traditional indicators of performance largely focus on profitability and return on investment. However, with the help of Balanced Scorecard model, organizations both profit and not-for-profit, are adopting performance measurement techniques that go beyond financial performance to cover non-financial indicators of performance. The objective of this study was to establish the influence of strategy implementation on the performance of Catholic parishes in Kenya. This study was anchored on Resource Based View theory and the Balanced Scorecard model. The research employed descriptive survey design. Target population was 90 members of parish pastoral councils of 9 parishes found to be applying strategic management practices at the time of this study. In analyzing and interpreting the quantitative data, descriptive and inferential statistics techniques were employed. Study findings revealed a positive correlation between strategy implementation and performance of parishes. The study recommends strengthening of parish organizational structure to enhance effective execution of parish strategy.

Bovine tuberculosis TB is a major concern in Tunisia and the Maghreb region, impacting both animal and human health. Despite a national program since 1984, knowledge gaps remain. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of bTB in cattle herds using the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). TST testing revealed a 57% individual prevalence, significantly higher than the 11.72% positivity rate obtained with IGRA. This discrepancy highlights limitations in TST specificity. Our findings suggest the need for wider IGRA adoption alongside TST for a more accurate understanding of bovine TB distribution in Tunisia. Further research is crucial to validate these results, investigate transmission dynamics, and evaluate the economic impact of different diagnostic strategies.

This study investigated the relationship between flower colour, seed coat colour, seed index, seed yield, and protein content in desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The objective was to understand the potential impact of these traits on the productivity and nutritional quality of the crop. Forty two desi chickpea accessions were evaluate. Seed yield, measured in kilograms per hectare, was recorded from field trials. Protein content, representing the nutritional quality of the seeds, was determined through laboratory analysis. The results revealed significant variability in flower colour, seed coat colour, seed index, seed yield, and protein content among the desi chickpea accessions. Flower colour was found to be diverse, with pink being the most prevalent, followed by blue. Seed coat colour exhibited variations, with dark brown and brown being the most common, while yellow and green were comparatively less frequent. Seed index varied across the accessions, indicating differences in seed size and weight. Seed yield ranged from moderate to high, highlighting the potential for improved productivity. Protein content also showed considerable variability, with accessions exhibiting a wide range of nutritional quality ranging from 13.87 to 26.85 % in seed and 21.70 to 48.50% in leaves of desi chickpea. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between plant height, number of secondary branches, pods per plant, seed index, biological yield, harvest index and seed yield, suggesting that larger seeds may contribute to higher yield potential. However, no significant correlation was found between protein content and seed index, although, it showed significant association with days to 50% flowering, plant height, pods per plant and plot yield. Plant height exhibited significant positive correlation with height of first pod.

Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) have been very important in the process of capital creation by helping to channel limited financial resources. NBFCs have been helping the organised banking sector by bridging credit gaps, which means they have been addressing the growing financial needs of the corporate sector, giving loans to the unorganised sector, and giving loans to small local borrowers. This has allowed the organised banking sector to focus on its core business of lending money. In the organised financial sector, non-bank financial companies (NBFCs) have a structure that is more adaptable than banks. On occasion, the Reserve Bank of India and the Central Government of India have collaborated on efforts to regulate these non-bank financial companies (NBFCs). NBFCs are subject to the regulatory and supervisory authority of the Department of Nonbanking Supervision of the Reserve Bank of India. It is necessary to acknowledge the contribution that these NBFCs make to the expansion of the economy as well as the satisfaction of the credit requirements of the economy. In addition, it is essential to keep a close eye on the operations of these NBFCs, as some of these NBFCs have been known to steal money from unsuspecting investors. The present research, which is titled "An Economic study of Non-Banking Financial Companies in India," focuses on a variety of subjects, some of which are as follows: defining the term "NBFCs;" NBFC evolution, growth, and development; financial performance and NBFC supervision. This research article's objective is to investigate the growth, change, and analyzing progression of selected Indian Non-banking financial companies.

Black matter is one of the greatest unknowns in the cosmos, despite being the most important gravitational component. Indeed, black matter is the most prevalent matter, and its bulk has an impact on the design of the universe. It has permitted the construction and preservation of cosmic structures. As a result, understanding the cosmos without knowing its qualities is extremely difficult. However, it only reacts to gravity and not to the other fundamental forces. It is not a weak reaction, but rather the complete lack of direct reactivity with full spin (even in our particle accelerators). Indeed, black matter is not only opaque to us because it lacks a measurable electromagnetic field, but it also exhibits no nuclear reaction at all. Finally, it appears to be able to influence only wide areas, implying that it lacks concentration. So the only thing we know about black matter is its non-properties, or what it does not do, which is react with our own fundamental forces (save gravity) and cover only enormous areas (big gravitational lenses). As a result, black matter remains a big mystery. There is, however, a solution if the problem is phrased differently.

Epilepsy is a common problem among the people and it is a disorder of brain characterized by repeated seizures. It is having social discriminations due to lot of stigma and misconceptions about the disease with fear and anxiety. This stigma presents in many countries today also and we can see the impact on the quality of life for people with the disease and their families. The objective of the study to assess the attitude and knowledge among the people resides around the suttur village, Mysore. The methods was used a descriptive study designs was adopted and random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Among 100 samples 60% were male and 40% were female. Their majority age around 18 to 45 years, 47% people were agreed with Epilepsy is caused by punishment of god, 88% people were dis agreed with Epilepsy caused by Evil spirit. 72% people were dis agreed with Epilepsy only seen in poor people. 88% people were dis agreed with Epilepsy person should isolate from family. 55% people were dis agreed with Epilepsy person can lead healthy lifestyle. The result suggests that still stigma was present There are no significant difference in the attitude scores of with misconception and gaps. There is a need for multi educational programme improving the awareness of the Epilepsy and can remove this stigma and discrimination.

Cancer is one of the dreadful diseases having the highest mortality rate throughout the year worldwide. The treatments with conventional chemotherapeutics face the problems of drug resistance, insolubility, non-selectivity, toxicity and biological barriers that weaken the patient to cure effectively. To overcome these barriers, fluorophore-drug conjugates as imaging based targeted delivery and therapy systems have emerged as attractive platform against cancer to maximize their therapeutic efficacies to the specific site/s of interest, reducing the potential side effects. Anticancer drugs and other ligands anchored to fluorescein based chemosensors by various linkers have been investigated to monitor the real time fluorescent imaging in drug delivery followed by stimuli responsive therapies. The drug liberation triggered by bio and chemo hydrolytic environments is visualized based on ‘switch on’ fluorescence of the fluorophore-moiety of fluorescein-drug conjugates for non-invasive cancer imaging. The conjugation of free phenolic hydroxyl or carboxylic groups of fluorescein chemosensor to the hydroxyl group of drugs or specific carriers are employed by biodegradable amino and oxy acrylate linkers for targeted drug delivery applications. This review mainly demonstrates the biomedical applications of small molecule-based non-cleavable and cleavable fluorophore-drug conjugates as delivery systems through fluorescent monitoring of drug liberation, accompanied with chemo, photothermal and photodynamic therapies to avail higher targeted therapeutic efficiencies against cancer.

Microfinance is a banking service for unemployed or low-income people who have no other financial options. Internationally, SHG microfinance is the modern weapon for poverty reduction and rural development. Microfinance and SHGs reduce poverty, empower women, and raise awareness, resulting in sustained national development. This research examines microfinance's psychological, social, and economic effects on women's empowerment.

Background: Early developmental stages are susceptible to disruption because it is the period for organogenesis which refers to the 4th to 8th weeks of development. Congenital malformation is defined as “a permanent change produced by an intrinsic abnormality of development in a body structure during prenatal life”. Major congenital malformations in different population around the world has shown considerable variation and ranges from less than 1% up to 8%. For various reasons, there is scarce of data and research on birth defects in Ethiopia. Objective: - To assess the incidence of major congenital anomalies and their pattern of distribution at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at SPHMMC for 4 months, from September 1, 2022 to December 31,2022.All Women admitted for elective termination of pregnancy for fetal congenital anomaly were involved in the study.Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were cleaned and entered into Epi Info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. In the analysis process, the frequency distribution of variables was calculated. Results: Among a total of 4050 outcomes, there were 3675 deliveries and 375 cases of 2nd trimester abortion including elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (ETOPFA), safe and spontaneous abortions. Out of the total outcome, there were 115 major anomaly affected cases making an incidence of congenital anomaly of 312.93 per 10,000 births or overall proportion of birth defects 2.8%. The mean age of mothers was 28+5. Of all 115 major anomaly affected cases: nervous system accounted 33.3%, congenital heart disease 19.6%, digestive system 19%, genitourinary system 12.4%, musculoskeletal system 5.9%, genetic/chromosomal4.6%, respiratory system 3.9% and the rest 1.3% were unclassified. Conclusions: The overall magnitude of birth defect was 2.8%. Seven patterns of major congenital anomalies were identified; nervous system was the most frequent by accounting one third, followed by congenital heart disease and digestive system each accounting almost one fifth of major congenital anomalies. The medical workforce and managers should give emphasis to congenital anomalies.

In this paper, we have taken data on crimes in Kerala from 2008 to 2022 and analyzed them using time series modelling. The data used in the research paper is obtained from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and State Crime Records Bureau. The findings of this research paper have implications for developing effective crime prevention strategies and enhancing public safety in India. This research paper aims to predict overall crime trends in India using ARIMA (Auto-regressive integrated moving average) model.

The Bank vault security system project aims to enhance bank security through the implementation of advanced facial recognition technology. Traditional methods of bank security often rely on keys, cards, or PINs, which can be lost, stolen, or duplicated. By leveraging facial recognition, this project offers a more secure and convenient alternative. The system consists of several key components. An admin interface allows authorized personnel to securely upload customer facial data to a central server. This data is stored with stringent encryption protocols to safeguard privacy and prevent unauthorized access. At the bank entrance, a facial recognition module captures and analyzes the faces of approaching customers in real-time. Upon successful recognition, an instruction code is generated, signalling the Node MCU controller to unlock the bank door. The Node MCU serves as the bridge between the facial recognition module and the locking mechanism, ensuring seamless integration and communication between the components. Security measures are paramount throughout the system, with encryption used for data transmission and storage, and robust access controls implemented to prevent tampering or exploitation. Testing and integration phases validate the functionality and reliability of each component individually and as a cohesive system. Compliance with regulatory standards, particularly regarding data privacy and banking security, is ensured throughout the project lifecycle.

The ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic organisms have garnered considerable attention; however, the toxic effects of MPs on aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations have been underreported. In this study, juvenile marine medaka were exposed to polyethylene and polylactic acid at concentrations of 20 μg/L for a duration of 60 days. The findings revealed that prolonged exposure to different types of MPs at low concentrations did not exhibit significant detrimental effects on the growth and intestinal tissues of juvenile fish. Nonetheless, long-term exposure led to alterations in gut microbial composition in juvenile fish, potentially influencing their functional roles. PICRUSt2 prediction analysis demonstrated a significant down-regulation in Isoleucine Biosynthesis function within the PE-exposed group at Level 3. Overall, further attention is warranted regarding the adverse consequences associated with prolonged exposure to environmental MPs on aquatic organisms.

The present study was conducted on 10 vermicomposting units of the Gurdaspur and Amritsar districts of Punjab. Eisenia foetida dominated all vermi-composters mainly with cattle dung. This epigeic species is capable of better growth, multiplication, cocoon formation, and vermicomposting waste material efficiently and can withstand cold and heat environment conditions. Bacteria and multicellular organisms populate vermicomposting. Vermibin fungi include Aspergillus, Corynascus, Penicillium, Thermomyces, and Trichoderma where Aspergillus dominates all fungi. All ten vermicomposting units had Meloidogyne nematodes. Decomposer dung bugs were numerous in cattle-dung vermibeds. Fungal gnats eat vermibed waste, Dipteran larvae eat rotting produce and debris and Summer's grey slug moved centipedes. The predatory nature of red mites and decomposing nature of white and brown mites were also observed during the investigation. Spider webs near vermicomposting operations may indirectly contribute whereas Pseudoscorpions and pot worms aid composting. Fruit flies, which eat earthworms, were more abundant in vegetable and fruit waste vermibeds. Earthworms and primary decomposer springtails accelerate decomposition. Red ants harm vermicomposting by eating earthworms. Termites harmed earthworms by delving into decomposing waste. Vermibeds' upper millipedes digest waste without harming earthworms. Vermicomposting beds only have centipedes in summer. Sparrows, crows, birds, snakes, lizards, and toads frequently visited vermicomposting beds.

Objective: The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of dental caries, encompassing its etiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. Through Critical analysis of existing literature and emerging research trends, this review aims to elucidate gaps in knowledge, and propose evidence-based recommendations for improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment approaches to mitigate the burden of dental caries on global oral health. Materials and method: Database system PubMed, Google Scholar, land research gate were used to extract the articles. Only English language studies were accessed. A Boolean search of the PubMed data set was implemented to combine a range of keywords. The following filters were applied: abstract, free full text, full text, clinical trial, randomized control trial, systemic review, meta-analysis and review. More studies were also obtained by manual searches and textbooks on dental caries. Results: By using this process, 683 articles and studies were obtained. The most relevant studies were chosen and used in the current review. The selected articles are included in the reference list. Conclusions: Dental caries management requires a multifaceted approach that integrates preventive, therapeutic strategies. While significant advancement has been made, challenges such as early detection and addressing disparities in access to care remain. By continuing to innovate and prioritize patient centered interventions, we can work towards achieving optimal oral health outcomes and reducing burden of dental caries worldwide.

Background- Globally, pathologic myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment. Pathologic myopia is characterized by the presence of typical fundus changes (posterior staphyloma or myopic maculopathy). Many eye and vision professionals have been alerted to the global incidence of pathological myopia and are taking steps to stop its progression. Methods- This systematic review article is carried out after comprehensive analysis .Analysis is carried out following a thorough search of academic and guideline database for a period of one month.Once all searches were combined, observations were noted down in one month. Results - Evidence have shown that a proactive reshaping of the eyeball is the core point of myopia developing process, which particularly includes the weakening, thinning, and expanding of the sclera. As a result, it is thought that the sclera is a prime target for therapeutic modification to stop the progression of myopia. Hypoplasia and loss of RPE are characteristics seen during the progression of myopic maculopathy.The preliminary work has shown a promising way in stem cell-based therapy of patients with myopic maculopathy. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the ambitious goal by stem cell-based therapy. Conclusion- In this paper, we postulate that through shaping the eyeball and inhibiting abnormal scleral remodelling, scleral collagen cross-linking, or SXL, has enormous potential for stabilizing the myopic process.Also, replacing atrophic RPE cells with healthy ones through transplantation of RPE cells appears to be a better method of improving the visual outcomes of pathological myopia patients.

The agricultural sector employs nearly half of the workforce in India. However, its contribution to the GDP has been declining steadily in recent years from from 18.2 percent in 2014-15 to 16.5 percent in 2019-20 according to the Economic Survey 2019-20. As high as 61 percent of the farmers practice rainfed farming with 55 percent of the crop area in India being rain dependent, while the rest is irrigated using tubewells, canals, wells, tanks, and other sources. Fifty percent of agriculture depends on groundwater in India with 39 million hectares of land irrigated by groundwater, 22 million by canals with about 100 million hectares being rainfed. Agriculture consumes around 80 percent of India’s available water and 90 percent of the total production includes water-guzzling varieties like sugarcane, wheat, and rice. This inefficient use of water has led to a dip in India’s per capita water availability from 4000 m3 in 1947 to 1545 m3 in 2015 making India a water stressed country. Farm Pond is one such program initiated. The Farm Pond program has triggered a grassroots‐level movement for sustainable agriculture. It helps farmers engage in sustainable agricultural practices involving rainwater conservation and harvesting. Although the farm pond technology is well known in the country, its adoption has been quite low due to number of constraints like high initial cost, short life of the lining materials, lack of suitable lifting systems and above all low awareness among farmers about its utility and cost benefit analysis. There is also lack of authentic literature on the design and performance of farm ponds in different agro ecological zones and soil types. Several programs of the Government of India like RADP (Rainfed Area Development Program), NHM, MGNREGS and IWMP have farm pond as one of the important components. The field staff involved in the implementation of such schemes often face difficulties in designing these structures at a given site considering the rainfall, slope and soil characteristics.

Takayasu’s arteritis is a chronic vasculitis of medium and large vessels. The most involved vessel is the aorta and its major branches. The disease is primarily seen in young women. The described incidence of the disease ranges from 0.3 to 3.3 million per year. The vessels are characterized by mononuclear infiltration and granulomatous inflammation of vascular media, which leads to arterial wall thickening with stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysmal dilation. Here we present a case of Takayasu’s arteritis in a 58 year-old woman who presented with fever and rashsince 1 month. . Early diagnosis and treatment are warranted. When the disease is dormant, the outcome seems favourable.

Cephalometric measurements on radiographic images are subject to errors that may be caused by: • Radiographic projection errors- magnification, distortion. • Errors within the measuring system – digitized,,, identification, scaling errors and linearity • Errors in landmark identification - The quality of the radiographic image sharpness, contrast, blur , noice. The precision of landmark definition and the reproducibility of landmark location.The operator and the registration procedure.

Facial proportion changes and volume loss are commonly experienced corporeal changes, whether due to the natural process of senescence or as a side effect of systemic illness. Because these physical transformations are inevitably experienced by most people, treatments that assist in the maintenance or restoration of a youthful, yet natural appearance have long been a subject of great interest in the medical field. Thanks to the relative ease and low cost with which they ameliorate certain aspects of the aging process, facial and lip filling treatments have developed into a point of focus in the world of aesthetic medicine. As it currently stands, facial and lip volume enhancement or restoration can be achieved with a multitude of injectable products, including temporary and permanent fillers. With an ever-increasing number of materials at their disposal, providers in the cosmetic industry have many important choices to make when advocating biomaterials to their patients based on desired aesthetic outcomes. This review aims to meticulously discuss different aspects of the most commonly employed biomaterials in the cosmetic facial and lip filler industry today, as well as the particular treatments for which each material is best suited. The specific biomaterials addressed in this review include: collagen (human bioengineered and bovine), hyaluronic acid (HA), poly(L)-lactic acid (PLLA), calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and autologous fat grafting (AFG). For each biomaterial discussed, the review provides information on how they became commonly used in aesthetic medicine, specific injection techniques, desirable cosmetic medicinal properties, and optimal situational applications for each biomaterial in the setting of elective patient cosmetic augmentation.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is rapidly advancing, offering personalized learning experiences and enhancing teacher effectiveness. However, there is a critical need to assess future teachers' readiness for AI-driven classrooms. This study aimed to determine the Future Teachers’ Readiness in an AI-Driven Classroom (ADC). Using a descriptive-correlational research design, and purposive sampling, data were collected from Teacher Education students. The researchers utilized an adapted research instrument based on the Meta AI Literacy Scale. The analysis involved utilizing descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation, along with inferential statistics such as the Spearman rho-rank order correlation. Results indicated that future teachers demonstrated a strong grasp of AI ethics but showed lower readiness in using and applying AI tools and AI problem-solving. A moderate positive correlation was found between AI literacy and AI self-management. In conclusion, the study revealed that while future teachers displayed a solid understanding of AI ethics, there was a need for further development in utilizing AI tools and problem-solving skills. Recommendations included tailored training programs focusing on practical AI applications, problem-solving strategies, and building AI self-management skills to bridge identified gaps. By addressing these areas, teacher training programs could better prepare future educators to effectively leverage AI tools, ensuring a smooth transition to AI-Driven Classrooms (ADC) and enhancing the overall learning experience for students and teachers alike.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization around has led to the enormous amount of solid waste production. Many nations are facing the impact of environmental pollution due to improper waste disposal. Plastic and wood are the two most globally used materials in all walks of life. The use of plastic is a convenient choice but at the same time also hazardous and disastrous to the environment. Cutlery and crockery are one of the most simple and very useful worldwide devices created for consuming food. The disposal of plastic cutlery and crockery is hazardous to the environment. Though the plastic cutlery and crockery are hard to replace taking into account the convenience and costing but at the same time it is necessary to act wisely and sensibly towards sustainable environmental practices and innovate alternative and sustainable ways to plastic cutlery and crockery. One such innovation is the edible cutlery and crockery. Edible cutlery and crockery can turn out to be the future creating a positive impact on the environment and at the same time being nutritious. The concept of edible cutlery and crockery is being developed by many entrepreneurs. Very little is known about these in the hospitality and service sector. The research paper aims to explore the feasibility of edible cutlery and crockery in the hospitality sector.

The aim of this research is to examine if relationship satisfaction is impacted by Love styles, Sexual styles and Adult Attachment styles. An attempt is also made to find out if the independent variables have any relationship among them. The sample chosen for this study were individuals who are in a relationship currently for at least 3 months. The results indicated that the attachment style does not impact relationship satisfaction. The love styles and sexual styles did impact the relationship satisfaction for this population. There were also correlations found in attachment style and love styles, and sexual styles and love styles. Other factors like the type of relationship had an impact on love styles, however the duration of the relationship did not influence any of the variables.