February 2017

Angiolipomas are benign neoplasms of adipose tissue with a rich vascular component and are classified as either infiltrating or noninfiltrating. Noninfiltrating angiolipoma is seen in young individuals, present as painful, soft, subcutaneous nodules and is treated by enucleation. Infiltrating angiolipoma is a rare neoplasm with only 23 previously reported cases. These lesions are usually unencapsulated or rarely partially encapsulated and tend to infiltrate bony, neural, muscular, and fibrocollagenous tissue. Treatment of infiltrating angiolipomas is aimed at wide excision with radiotherapy indicated for cases of recurrence. A rare case of infiltrating angiolipoma of the nasopharynx causing the eustachian tube dysfunction in a 63 year old male is reported.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of free rotated papilla autograft technique combined with coronally advanced flap and coronally advanced flap alone on other side using the microsurgical techniques in root coverage procedures and to compare the efficacy of these two surgical therapeutic modalities in the treatment of localized gingival recession. Method: 20 patients showing Miller’s class I and class II type of localized gingival recession on the contralateral sides were selected and assigned randomly into experimental site A (free rotated papillary autograft combined with coronally advanced flap) and experimental site B (coronally advanced flap.) using microsurgical approach, according to the split-mouth design. The clinical parameters recorded were Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Recession depth, Recession width, Probing depth, Clinical attachment level, and Width of keratinized gingiva at baseline and 12 months post-operatively. Results: All parameters improved from baseline to 12 months. The mean plaque index at baseline was 0.89 ± 0.11 which was reduced to 0.62 ± 0.11 at 12. The mean gingival index at baseline was 0.73 ± 0.12 which was reduced to 0.46 ± 0.12 at 12 months. Conclusion: Both groups showed adequate amount of coverage of recession sites. However on comparison between the two groups, the mean difference in clinical parameters between the two procedures showed no statistical significance.

Objectif: Décrire et analyser les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des femmes congolaises face au dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus afin de faire une approche évaluative avec le projet pilote de lutte contre le cancer du col utérin existant. Patientes et Méthode: Il s’est agi d’une étude CAP, de type descriptif (CAP1: l’analyse des résultats est rapide, mais il est difficile d’établir le lien entre l’intervention et le changement observé), ayant concerné les femmes venues en consultation tout venant et/ou accompagnant les autres. Résultats: Sur l’existence du cancer du col de l’utérus du cancer du col de l’utérus, 81/103 soit 78, 6% des femmes ont la connaissance; 60 /103 soit 58,3 % d’entre elles savaient qu’il existe les moyens de dépistage. Cependant, les taux de manque de connaissance ont été respectivement de 94/103 (91,3%) pour le début et de 98/103 (95,2%) pour la fin du dépistage ; 99/103 (96,1 %) pour la fréquence du dépistage ; 81/103 (78,6 %) pour le coût du dépistage et 87/103 (90,3%) pour le caractère non douloureux du dépistage. Pour l’attitude des femmes au dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus, 98/103 femmes (95,1%) n’ont jamais fait de dépistage. Parmi les 5 femmes ayant fait le dépistage, 3 (2,9%) l’ont fait au bon moment et connaissaient la date de leur dernier dépistage. Au moment de l’interview 45/103 (43,7%) ont été motivées pour faire le dépistage. Malgré le counceling, préalable à l’appréciation de leur pratique au moment de l’interview, seulement 61/103(59,2%) femmes ont manifesté le désir de se faire dépisté ultérieurement ; 85/103 (82,5%) d’entre elles n’ont pas retenu le moment de leur prochain dépistage ; 58/103(56,3%) qui ont manifesté le désir immédiat du dépistage et en ont bénéficié effectivement. Conclusion: L’attitude des femmes face au dépistage du cancer du col de l’utérus est encourageante, cela contraste avec leur niveau insuffisant de connaissances et une pratique encore timide.

Background and Objectives: Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity. As the histological study of oral leukoplakia cannot predict precisely the malignant transformation of this lesion and metallothionein (MT) is a protein that has been associated with carcinogenesis, this study could be auxiliary in this histological assessment of this lesion. The present study was done to evaluate the immunoexpression of metallothionein in oral leukoplakia (OL) and to correlate with histological grade and clinical localization. Methods: 30 diagnosed cases of oral leukoplakia along with 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were taken for the study. Oral leukoplakia was graded as: hyperkeratosis without dysplasia change (8 cases), mild dysplasia (13 cases), moderate dysplasia (6 cases) and severe dysplasia (4 cases). Immunohistochemistry for the metallothionein was performed and the Pearson Chi-Square test was used in statistical analysis. Results: In normal oral mucosa MT expression is restricted only to basal and parabasal cells with a mosaic cytoplasmic-nuclear expression pattern, whereas in dysplastic lesions an additional focus in the spinous layer was noted. Interpretation and Conclusion: Metallothionein expression was highest in severe dysplasia with the lowest expression found in cases of Hyperkeratosis without dysplasia. The expression in mild dysplasia and moderate dysplasia was more or less equal. Thus, this study suggests that Metallothionein overexpression can be one of the useful diagnostic marker for predicting the potential behavior of oral Leukoplakia turning into oral squamous cell carcinoma. (OSCC)

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) being a free radical has been evidenced to play a controversial role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease. The present longitudinal study aims to investigate the levels of salivary NO metabolites in healthy as well as in chronic periodontitis patients, its correlation with the periodontal clinical parameters and the effects of periodontal treatment on salivary NO metabolites in CP patients. Methods: A case-control interventional study was conducted. A total of 54 subjects -36 CP patients and 18 healthy controls were enrolled for this study. The controls were allotted as Group I whereas the CP patients were divided based on the treatment delivered as Group II (scaling and root planing [SRP]) or Group III (SRP with periodontal flap surgery). Clinical parameters, such as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded at baseline and at 12 weeks post- operative. The salivary NO metabolite levels were determined using a spectrophotometric technique. Results: At baseline, the salivary Nitrate, Nitrite and NO levels for Group II and Group III were higher than Group I controls. At 12 weeks post-operative the salivary Nitrate, Nitrite and NO levels for Group II and Group III were significantly reduced when compared with the baseline values. It was also evident that there was a more significant reduction in salivary NO metabolite levels in Group III which underwent surgical periodontal therapy as compared to Group II which underwent only non-surgical therapy (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, salivary NO metabolites were significantly higher in CP patients when compared to controls. Its levels were positively correlated with the periodontal clinical parameters. The study also concludes that surgical periodontal treatment carried out in Group III patients showed an effective reduction in the salivary NO metabolite levels as compared to the non-surgical periodontal treatment performed in Group II patients. Therefore, surgical periodontal treatment offers added advantage in reducing the damaging effects of NO free radical.

Bilateral medial medullary stroke is a very rare type of stroke, with catastrophic consequences. Early diagnosis is crucial. Here, we report a case presenting with acute vertigo, progressive generalized weakness of all 4 limbs, dysarthria, and decreased single breath count. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that was done showed characteristic “heart appearance” shape at diffusion weighted (DWI), and confirmed bilateral medial medullary stroke. Other possibilities were excluded by lumbar puncture and MRI of cervical spine with screening of whole spine. Retrospectively, a vague-defined hyperintense linearDWI signal at midline was noted in the first brain MRI. Because of the symmetric and midline pattern of this abnormal signal and similarityto an artifact, some radiologists or neurologists may miss this type of stroke. Radiologists and neurologists must co relate clinical and MRI findings of this rare type of stroke, where early treatment could make a difference in patient outcome and therapy. The abnormal DWIsignal in early stages of this type of stroke may not be a typical “heart appearance” shape, and other variants such as small dot or linear DWI signal at midline must be recognized as early signs of stroke. Also, MRI of cervical spine may be helpful if there is suspicion of spinal pathology.

Objectives: To combine Trendenlenburg Positioning of Patient and Intra Procedural Forced Diuresis during Shock Wave Lithotripsy to improve stone clearance rate for Lower Calyceal Stones. To compare the results obtained with that of Standard Supine Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Lower Calyceal Stones. Methods: A prospective study was done in Institute of Urology, MMC, Chennai between February 2015 to February 2016. All patients presented with isolated lowerpole renal calculi of size between 7-20mm were registered. Total number of patients included are 132. Among them 33 patients refused to participate in the study and 14 patients who failed to follow up are excluded. All patients selected were allotted randomly in to two groups. Group A, comprising 62 patients who underwent ESWL with inversion therapy and intra-procedural diuresis Group B, comprising 56 patients, who underwent standard Supine ESWL and the data including number of sessions, success rate, and complications are all recorded and analysed. Results: Both groups were comparable in terms of Demography (age, sex) and in terms of Stone Characteristics. Based on number of sessions for ESWL, there is a significant increase in number of third session required in Group B, when compared to Group A. (P value 0.044) Regarding treatment success, both Stone Free Rate and Insignificant Residual Fragments are significantly higher in Group A, from first follow up itself, which increased steadily up to 12 weeks. (P value 0.04). Overall success rate achieved is 74.6%. And Treatment success rate achieved with the study group (Group A) is 82.3%, when compared to 66.1% achieved with the control group. There is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of treatment success. (p value 0.044) In both groups the average stone size and stone density as measured by stone attenuation value correlates significantly. Regarding complications there is no significant difference exists between the two Groups. Among the complications, colic is the most common, followed closely by LUTS and hematuria, then steinstrasse and fever in the order. Conclusion: Combination of Inversion with Intra Procedural Forced Diuresissignificantly improves the Stone Clearance Rate of Lower Calyceal Stones during Extra Corporeal Shock Wave lithotripsy. Though the results obtained are not as equivalent to that of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, ESWL with this combination of inversion with Forced Diuresis can be preferred for its specific advantages like Outpatient procedure, Non invasive intervention, No need for higher an aesthesia, No added cost and Can be repeated with least morbidity

Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries and is caused by the slow build-up of plaque inside the walls of arteries. The clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis include myocardial infarction, stroke and sudden cardiac death. The prevalence of the disease is high, and approximately 50% of all deaths globally can be attributed to atherosclerosis. The concept of Dusumate Dam in Unani literature has been considered responsible for the development of Salabate Sharaeen (atherosclerosis) and Simane Mufrit (obesity). A randomized, single-blind, standard controlled clinical trial was conducted in National Institute of Unani Medicine Hospital Bangalore, with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of Badranjboya (Nepeta hindostana) as a cardio-protective drug. A total of 30 patients with risks of atherosclerosis were selected randomly and assigned into two groups 20 in test and 10 in control groups. Test group was treated with Badranjboya powder, 6 grams twice a day for 2 months whereas control group was treated with Garlic powder, 2 grams powder filled in gelatin capsules and given in to two divided doses for the same duration. The response was evaluated by the assessment of subjective parameters (palpitation, breathlessness, headache and chest pain) and objective parameter (blood pressure, lipid profile, haematocrit value and random blood sugar). The data was tabulated and analyzed by using apropriate statistical tests. Test group showed significant reduction in subjective parameters (p<0.01) and objective parameters like blood pressure, MDA concentration, whereas significant increase in HDL level (p<0.01) but changes in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and haematocrit values were found statistically not significant in both groups. The effect of the drug was prominent on vessels wall. The overall improvement in test group was highly remarkable, without any clinically and statistically significant side effects or toxicity. Therefore, it can be concluded that Badranjboya has encouraging potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis and it may be combined with other treatment modalities like weight control in obese, physical therapy and dietary modification etc. for optimal results.

Introduction: Most of fractures of the shaft of the humeral shaft heal well when treated nonoperatively, nonunion is not a rare complication. The prevalence of nonunion as a complication of both nonoperative and operative treatment has been reported to be as high as 13%. Open reduction and plate fixation combined with autologous bone grafting can result in reliable healing of these humeral nonunions with excellent functional outcome. Material and Methods: Between 2009 and 2014, 30 nonunion cases of the humeral shaft were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by a plating. The series included 10 female patients and 20 male patients with an average age of 40years (range 20–60 years). The patients were followed up for an average of 18 months. The time from diagnosis of nonunion to our treatment of the nonunion averaged 9 months (range 6–24 months). Result: According to the Stewart and Hundley Criteria, the functional postoperative result was excellent or good in 22 (73%) cases and fair in eight (27%) cases. One year after surgery, all patients had an essentially normal range of motion of the ipsilateral elbow and shoulder. Conclusion: Surgical compression plating and autologous bone grafting of humeral diaphyseal nonunions resulted in 100% union rate and mostly excellent or good functional results without significant morbidity.

Introduction: OHSS is a rare complication occurs following the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Most of the current literature describes spontaneous OHSS in patients with endocrine disorders, pregnancy with triploidy & invasive mole etc. But we describe an interesting case of spontaneous OHSS with its management, which mimics as ovarian malignancy in some aspect with no risk factor to develop OHSS. Case report: A 25yr old G4P0120 at 9+3 weeks was referred to us with severe abdominal pain & distension for 1 day. On examination she had gross ascites with bilateral ovarian cyst of size 11×7 cm & 12×9 cm. Her CA 125, βhCG, Hb&Hct were 445U/ml, 212844.26 miu/ml, 15.5 g/dl & 48% respectively. Her ascitic fluid cytology and culture for tuberculosis were normal. She was managed conservatively for 2 days. But with deteriorating general condition decision for termination of pregnancy was taken. After that she has improved both clinically, radiologically and biochemically. Conclusion: Spontaneous OHSS is a rare condition. It should be diagnosed early. The main stay of management is conservative with proper vitals monitoring. In rare case sometime termination of pregnancy or surgical management is required to improve maternal condition.

Aims and Objectives: To introduce K angle, a new cephalometric measurement to assess the sagittal jaw relationship. To define the mean value, the standard deviation for Kangle in people with the skeletal class I pattern and to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the mean value of Kangle between the skeletal class I, class II and class III groups. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five pretreatment lateral cephalograms (twenty-five each of Class I, II, and III) of patients between the age of 18 and 30 years were selected. They were again subdivided based on ANB and Wits appraisal into skeletal class I, class II, and class III groups, each group having twenty-five radiographs. The new measurement is based on the landmarks: Point M (midpoint of the anterior maxilla), Point G (center at the bottom of the symphysis) and apparent axis of the condyle (C). The K angle is the inferior angle measured at Point M, between the lines M-G and perpendicular from Point M to line C-G. Results: Subjects with K angle value between 40° and 46° were found to have a skeletal class I pattern. More acute angles implied skeletal class II pattern and more obtuse angles implied skeletal class III pattern. Conclusion: The K angle is an accurate, stable, reliable and reproducible parameter for the assessment of sagittal jaw relationship.

Pediatric mandibular fractures are less common when compared to the fractures of adults. The problem associated with mandibular fractures may vary from temporary or permanent loss of one of the important function of oral cavity like speech, esthetics and mastication. The management of these problems are also complicated due to the presence of tooth bud and potential growth difference. Among different management protocols the closed reduction with acrylic splint was found to be one of the safest, compatible with minimal or no complications. Here we describe the experience of a comprehensive management of a 3 years old boy with mandibular fracture caused in a road traffic accident.

Anemia is responsible for 40 to 60% of maternal death in non industrialized countries. The women are well aware about the tetanus toxoid , this can be used as an opportunity to give intramuscular iron to the patients for prophylaxis of anemia. The present study is used to evaluate the effectiveness of giving intramuscular iron as compared to oral iron for prophylaxis of anemia in pregnancy.

Aim: To check for Periodontal Treatment needs in school children of suburban Mumbai. Objective: To evaluate the Gingival disease in school children in suburban Mumbai. Materials and Methods: The data was collected from 409 students screened for signs of gingivitis in the age group of 10-18 in a private school in suburban Mumbai. All the children were otherwise healthy and had no signs of any other disease. Each student was checked for presence of dental caries, gingival inflammation and presence of malocclusion. A report was generated on the dental health requirements of each child and with information on tooth-brushing. Results: 409 children were examined out of which 390 had need for basic Periodontal Therapy and 19 were healthy with no sign of gingivitis or periodontal disease. In terms of oral hygiene maintenance out of 409 - 38 (9.3%) brushed twice daily and 371 (90.7%) brushed once. All the children brushed their teeth using toothbrush and toothpaste. Conclusion: According to this study the prevalence of gingivitis is 95% therefore a sustained awareness and treatment campaign should be considered.

Aim is to evaluate and correlate the levels of psychological stress, serum cortisol and hemoglobin among different types of oral lichen planus patients in both the sex. Material and Methods: Study group comprises of 60 oral lichen planus (OLP) subjectsand 30 healthy subjects in control group. HAD scale is used to evaluate stress anxiety and depression. 5ml disposable syringe was used to collect blood for measuring cortisol and hemoglobin and ECI chemiluminescence method was used for serum cortisol level evaluation. Results and Conclusion: 95% of study group were having stress with P value of 0.0001 which is highly significant. Serum cortisol level also showed 381nmol in OLP subjects compared to 211nmol in Control group. OLP were significantly higher in the younger age group (18-39). Oral diseases were significantly higher in anxiety patients than indepression and control group patients. Most common is Reticular type (70%) of OLP followed by mixed, papular and erosive types. Most common site is buccal mucosa followed by gingiva and hard palate. Hemoglobin level hasn’t showed in significant change. Author also emphasis counseling to be part of management of OLP and relaxation technique included in day to day routine to combat the stress.

Background: Aims & Objectives of this study is to evaluate meniscal injuries using volumetric MRI(VISTA) and to compare volumetric protocol with 2D protocol considering arthroscopy as reference standard. The purpose of this study is also to determine whether volumetric MRI is superior to 2D MRI in diagnosis of injuries AND/OR can allow reduction in total imaging time without loss of diagnostic efficiency. Methods: Total 51 subjects were studied.Adult patients referred for MR evaluation of knee trauma and subsequently underwent arthroscopy included.Patients with previous knee surgery and non-traumatic pathologies excluded. Imaging performed on 1.5T Philips Achieva MRI machine. Conventional MRI images were acquired, followed by 3D VISTA data-sets in sagittal plane which were then reconstructed. Results: Regarding detection of medial meniscus tears, overall sensitivity was similar for two techniques (88.2%), specificity of 2D & 3D protocol was 88.2% and 94.1% respectively. Regarding detection of lateral meniscal tears, specificity was similar for two techniques (84.9%) while sensitivity of 2D & 3D protocol was 72.2% & 83.3% respectively. Conclusions: 3D TSE is a reliable technique and has diagnostic performance similar to that of routine 2D TSE MR for detecting meniscal tears at 1.5T. 3D TSE MRI protocol has advantage of faster acquisition time which potentially reduces patient discomfort and improves efficiency by reducing patient non-compliance. Results of this study represent an important step toward implementing this technique in routine clinical practice.

Acute Post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an important renal disease occurring in children. Typical clinical manifestations include rapid onset of gross haematuria, edema and hypertension resulting from a prior group A - beta hemolytic streptococcal infection. However, patients with APSGN sometimes present with atypical clinical manifestations often leading to delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Recognition of these unusual manifestations is important so that patient receives adequate treatment with decreased morbidity. We are reporting two cases of APSGN who presented with atypical manifestations. One case presented with generalized edema, respiratory distress and pulmonary edema with congestive heart failure and another with fever, headache, seizures and altered sensorium. Both patients had hypertension. Urinalysis and other investigations led to diagnosis of APSGN with pulmonary edema and heart failure in first case and APSGN with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy syndrome in second.

Electronic cigarettes are an alternative to nicotine deliveryhave been recently introduced &is considered a very popular mode of tobacco deaddiction. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature about the design, components & contents, effects, safety considerations along with the potential for smoking initiation and cessation. Patients should be counselled& educated regarding the usage. Though it’s increasing in popularity and readily available in many nations there are controversies regarding their safety& effective role in smoking deaddiction.

Background: CD14 is expressed principally by cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage and plays a pivotal role in the innate immunity to intracellular infections. Recent research findings have revealed an association between the CD14 gene promoter polymorphism and several major infectious diseases. The purpose of the present study is to confirm the association between CD14-159C/T polymorphism (rs2569190) and pulmonary tuberculosis. Furthermore, association of various serum based biomarkers would be helpful in understanding better susceptibility to the disease state. Methods: This study included a tertiary hospital based age and sex matched 12 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 15 subjects with normal lung functioning. These cases were recruited from January 2014 to April 2014. Subjects were included in the pulmonary tuberculosis group on the basis of smear positive for acid fast bacilli. DNA extraction was done by isopropanol precipitation method and amplification of CD14 gene was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: It was found that CT heterozygotes were more susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis (OR=5.6, 95% CI=1.01 - 30.91, p = 0.05) whereas TT homozygotes were found to be less susceptible to pulmonary tuberculosis in Central Indian Cohort. Elevated level of IgE (182.5ng/ml) were found in CT genotype. Slight elevated N-GAL level were found in cases with CT genotype 5.31 ng/ml when compared with control’s level. It was found that CT genotype had high bacterial load of 10.4x103 copies/μl) whereas TT has bacterial load of 48.39x102 copies/ μl and CC has very less bacterial load. Serum sCD14 estimation displayed somewhat high values (741 pg/ml) in cases with TT genotype. The results of our study on sCD14 level in TB Conclusion: An association between the C-159-T polymorphism of the CD14 gene and presence of tuberculosis in the Central Indian population was evident as the risk of TB was greater in participants with heterozygous CT genotype than in those with homozygous CC genotype. It was also seen that heterozygous CT genotype was found to be more susceptible for pulmonary tuberculosis whereas TT genotype was found to be less susceptible for TB and homozygous CC genotype was found as protective role against TB, which was evident from elevated cytokines in CT heterozygotes.

Background: The aim was to describe the morphology of the mandibular symphysis and its correlation with the antegonial notch in adults from Dakshina Kannada with well-balanced faces and normal occlusion, individualized in terms of gender and facial type variables. Methodology: 90 pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs of Dakshina Kannada patients in the age group of 18-35 years, who presented with well-balanced face and normal occlusion were included. The sample was standardized according to gender and facial types. Various angular and linear measurements were carried out. Results: No significant difference were found among the male and female subjects, except for the inclination and height of mandibular symphysis as well as the antegonial notch depth. Also, the brachyfacial group presented a higher degree of inclination of the alveolar and basal symphysis with increased thickness whereas more anterior projection of mandibular symphysis was exhibited by the dolichofacial group. Significant correlation was seen between the notch depth and anterior projection, height and thickness of the symphysis. Conclusion: The symphyseal height and the depth of the antegonial notch were more in males. The brachyfacial types exhibited a greater dentoalveolar inclination and a broader basal symphysis while dolichofacial types presented with an increased projection of the symphysis anteriorly. A highly significant correlation was seen between the antegonial notch and the height, thickness and anterior projection of mandibular symphysis.

Supernumerary teeth are considered as a bizarre rise in the number of naturally occurring teeth. Only some examples of nonsyndromic multiple supernumerary teeth have been reported in literature. In this report, we present a case of multiple unerrupted bilateral supernumerary teeth without any associated syndrome in a seven year old child as a result of a casual finding during routine X ray study. A panoramic radiograph revealed multiple impacted supernumerary teeth which were diagnosed during routine radiographic evaluation. Based on the clinical examination and radiographic investigation, a diagnosis of idiopathic hyperdontia was given. In such cases, management should be planned by a multidisciplinary approach.

Objective: Endocrown restorations are single unit prostheses fabricated from reinforced ceramics. These restorations are indicated for endodontically treated teeth, molars especially, that have significant loss of coronal structure. Endocrowns gain their retention from the coronal portion integrated into the apical projection that fills the pulp chamber space, and possibly the root canal entrances. Clinical Consideration: In this case report a new style Fixed Partial Denture is introduced. Here mandibular second molar had compromised tooth structure and hence Endocrown was planned with the tooth. For replacement of missing first molar a three unit fixed partial prosthesis was planned. This unique three unit prosthesis had Endocrown on mandibular second molar and a full veneer crown on mandibular second premolar as an abutment fabricated in Zirconia with CAD-CAM technology. Conclusion: This innovative design of Fixed Partial Denture is better suited in cases where there is compromised tooth structure and the tooth is strategically important and has to be retained.

All businesses that survive in today's strongly competitive environment are proactive organizations which quickly adapted to change. These companies are organizations which can renew itself quickly when it needs to conversion, having good understanding of surroundings and trying to understand the world. The hospitals are the basis foundations of health services which could define like information extensively or labor-intensive organizations. Public health status is attempted to be upgraded by the use of extensively information in the health services. The basic elements of learning organizational culture are investment in human resources and use human resources efficiently. The organizations which constantly open to innovation should keep in line the personal development of employees and organizational goals. The hospitals which finds application area of new and innovative information are one of the finest examples of knowledge-based learning organization. Being related with human health which provided in the hospitals is the most important factor of knowledge and learning organization. The aim of this study is illuminate the working area of aforementioned which there is so few research about it.

Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a multifactorial disease and occlusal force has main role in determining the teeth health, chewing, muscle and TMJ function. Dysfunctional occlusal contacts can lead to disorders in dento-maxillary system, which may be accompanied by painful symptoms for the patient. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the digital occlusal parameters using T-Scan device that senses and analyses occlusal contact forces, occlusion time, and the effect of reducing disclusion time on symptoms of temporomandibular joint- muscular disorders. Materials and Method: Myofascial pain symptomatic patients was recruited as per the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), including the clinical protocol outlined by the International RDC/TMD consortium network (version: January 20, 2014) to assess the efficacy of reduced disclusion time in lateral excursions to resolve the myofascial pain symptoms. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, static and dynamic interocclusal record was scanned and analysed using image software. 25 cases were treated in four visits. Recall occlusal parameters were recorded. The questionnaire was used for symptom assessment at every recall visit. Results: Among the occlusal parameters, TMD patients had prolonged occlusion and disclusion time, variations in right and left quadrant occlusal forces, more incidence of occlusal premature contacts compared to post therapeutic evaluation in same individuals. Changes in the intensity of symptoms from reducing the disclusion time to <0.4 seconds were statistically significant with p value of 0.001from treatment day 1, and onward through the 3 months period of observation. Conclusion: The results indicate that T scan evaluation and then treating the dentition relieves the musculoskeletal symptoms of myofascial pain, such that this methodology increases clinical therapeutic success.

The concept of the pelvi ureteric junction has been there for more than a century and yet there is no clear anatomical definition of this junction. Pelvi ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is an impedance to the urine flow from the renal pelvis to the ureter. It occurs in 1:1000 to 2000 newborns and is the commonest cause of obstructive uropathy in children.1 The pathophysiology of pelvi ureteric junction obstruction in unknown. The knowledge of histologic changes and innervations at UPJ is necessary for proper understanding of patho physiology and its correlation with the functional outcome after pyeloplasty. This systematic review addresses the question of whether the human pelvi ureteric junction is a discrete anatomical entity and changes seen in PUJ obstruction. Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken to investigate the normal gross and microscopic anatomy of the pelvi ureteric junction and histopathological changes at pelvi ureteric junction in patients with PUJ obstruction using the electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar

Aim: To measure the awareness of the general public about Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus, its clinical manifestations, treatment, consequences and co-morbidities. Objective: To assess the the awareness of the general public about Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus and its clinical manifestations. To assess the treatment, consequences and co-morbidities on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Background: Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune disease which is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against nuclear antigens. It is known as multi-system disease, cause it can lead to multiple organ failure. Thus, it is important to know the onset and have early diagnosis on it, in order to prevent it from becoming more severe. There are various symptoms which SLE can develop, such as fatigue, fever and joint problem. The most common symptoms are joint swelling as well as butterfly rashes, which are commonly experienced by female patients. The prevalence of SLE is varies, but it is estimated to be 1 per 1000 overall with a female to male ratio of 10:1. Management of this disease should include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities for symptomatic relieved and to improved quality of life.

Botox Cosmetic (Botox) is a formulation of the neuromuscular blocking agent botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). The use of botox for enhancement of facial esthetics is most common procedure currently undertaken in clinical practice all around the globe. Dentists are highly knowledgeable and precise regarding facial anatomy and therefore it seems reasonable for them to be at the forefront in providing these services. This review encompasses the pathogenesis of facial lines and wrinkles, toxin overview, preparation, uses, complications and contraindications of botox therapy and provides the practitioners in-depth and current knowledge of use and handling botox for facial rejuvenation. Factors unique to each area are presented, highlighting the key elements that can increase the likelihood of a successful outcome.

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting nutrients in agricultural systems, in this way, the production of high quality soybean requires the nitrogen management in the soil is related to the profitability of the production system. This study aimed to evaluate the yield, seed quality and economic viability of late nitrogen fertilization on soybean.The experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design with four replications, with different doses of N: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1, in which were conducted two trials (with use of urea and Ammonium sulfate source). The fertilizers were applied at the transition phase between R4-R5. We evaluated vegetative growth components, yield and seed physiological quality and economic viability. The results indicated that the use of urea resulted in higher yield in terms of productivity and with dose of maximum agronomic efficiency of 78.7 kg ha-1N. Urea and ammonium sulfate changed the variables of physiological quality.The economic viability analysis showed difference in gain between sources and between doses, and responses with the use of urea were substantially higher than with ammonium sulfate, and the optimal dose of ureawas 86.7 kg ha-1 N, with net revenue of R$ 8,188. It was concluded that late nitrogen fertilization on soybean provides productive and economic efficiency in seed production system, with lower operational risk with the use of urea as a source of nitrogen fertilizer.

In many stuffed textile products, generally waste fibres from spinning mills are used to be filled. These natural fibres are susceptible of microbial infestation and can also infect human who comes into contact of this waste fibre. Thus, the study is aimed at the treatment of waste flax fibre with extract of green leaves of Azadirachta indica which can be extracted by indigenous method and screening for antimicrobial potentials of treated samples against the gram positive (Staphylococcus Aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Extract was applied on to the fibre samples in ten different concentrations from 100% to 10 % and evaluated by standard test methods of AATCC and ENISO, out of which each sample possess good antimicrobial activity against these microorganisms and hinder their growth.

The prominent economic activity in Guraici Island region is fishing of highly economical coral reef fishes such as grouper, emperor, and others. The main problem emerged if fishing activity is extensive and uncontrolled that will threaten or degrade coral reefs fish resource in the area. The objective of this research was to analyze the fishing optimization model of pink ear emperor (Lethirinuslentjam, Lacepede 1802) resource the level of coral reef conservation area changes in Guraici Islands, South Halmahera Regency. This research was conducted in the waters of Guraici Islands from July to September 2015. The methods were experimental fishing and line transect. The results showed that the larger the area of coral reefs in the waters of Guraici Islands, South Halmahera Regency conserved, the lower the fishermen produced. This, however, led to emperor stock being abundant. MEY policy combined with coral reef conservation area protection policy provided more conservative variable indicator but provided positive economic rent compared to the combination of coral reef conservation area protection policy and open access policy.

Manuka honey has been assessed for its nutritional and phytochemical composition, to predict doable clinical uses. The past and up to date literature reports the fortunate use of honey to manage a spread of wound aetiologies. Bacterial Infection of a wound could lead to tissue death, native drive, vessel occlusion and a rise in wound size, ultimately swiftness the healing method. Studies have reported that it’s going to with modestly decrease wound-healing time, act as a medicament, deodorize wounds, and enhance cell proliferation and enlargement in vitro. The aims of the study were to achieve insight into the practical use of Active Manuka honey in wound management. To gather the mandatory information, photographs, acetate tracings, data monitoring and patient comments and observations were accustomed to add greater responsibility and validity to the findings. The wounds were dressed weekly with Manuka honey. The results obtained showed all seven patients achieved 100% reduction in visually wound size among average thirty days (four-week treatment period). Odour was eliminated and pain reduced. The conclusions drawn were that the utilization of Active Manuka honey was associated with a positive wound-healing outcome in these seven cases.

Several studies have demonstrated the effect of fertilizer on different crops; however, few contemplate the low yield of sesame obtained in most growing areas by production constraints associated with low-income cultivars or, because of non-application of fertilizers. The objective of this experiment was to verify the yield and quality of oil in two sesame varieties as a function of organic and mineral fertilization. To this effect, a field experiment in a randomized complete block in factorial (2 x 5) + 2, corresponding to the ‘BRS Seda’ and ‘CNPA G4’, five organic sources (cotton cake and mammon cake, cattle manure and goat; without fertilization), two relative controls, fertilized with ammonium sulfate was performed with four replications. Productivity were determined, the oil content, acid value and peroxide value. Submitted the results of analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, Tukey test, F test and analysis of principal components and grouping. The sources of fertilization influence on yield and oil content, especially goat manure; while the cultivars showed significance for oil content extracted by solvent. The high oil content, 0.698 t/ha, obtained in this experiment is indicative of the viability of commercial extraction.

Helicobacter pylori are the major cause of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. Currently, the eradication of H. pylori infection involved a triple therapy, which combines two antibiotic with a proton pump inhibitor. In this study, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of olive leaf extracts (OLE) and Oleuropeinwere screened for their antibacterial activity against33 gastric biopsy specimensofH. pylori virulent isolates. Virulent H. pylori isolates were detected by PCR for gene typing of virulent CagA/IceA genes and their distribution among isolates.Resistant to tetracycline and metronidazolewere detected in all isolates (100%), however no resistance was observed to amoxicillin, levofloxacin and clarithromycin. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicated that olive leaf extract (OLE) and Oleuropein had a potent antibacterial effect against the virulent H. pylori isolates used in this study. The MICs of OLEs were g/mL (alcohol extract), 70g/mL (cold water extract), and 60 g/mL (boiled water extract) while the MICs of Oleuropein was ranged between 20 µg/ml to 40 µg/ml. Interestingly, heat treatment of OLE water extract increased its inhibitory activity against H. pylori. MBC of H. pylori genotypes tested was ranged between 60-70 µg/ml for alcohol extract, 70-80 µg/ml for cold water extract, and 80-90 µg/ml for boiled water extract while it was ranged between 50 g/ml to60 g/ml for Oleuropein. These findings suggest that olive leaves extract and its active consecutions Oleuropein is an effective as the commercial antibiotics used againstH. pylori infection.

The white spotted gecko Tarentola annularis (Family Gekkonidae) is a reptilian species found in the Middle East, Africa, and some states in the United States mainly Florida. A total of 40 specimens of this species were collected during the period of February –November 2016 from Abu-Rawash, Giza Governorate, Egypt; they were dissected and examined for the presence of parasitic infection. Only 35 (87.50%) specimens were found to be naturally infected with coccidian parasites. Seasonally, the prevalence of infection was reached its maximum value of 80.0% during summer and minimum value of 50.0%, 40.0%, 20.0% during spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. Prevalence and mean intensity of parasitic infection were negatively correlated with the host size as smaller geckos (<5cm in length and <30gm in weight) are more infected than larger ones (5-10 cm in length and >60gm in weight). The numbers of parasites of male and female T.annularis were compared, and no significant differences were observed. Morphology of the recovered parasites was studied by using light microscopy and revealed the presence of two new coccidian species identified as Eimeria tarentoli and Eimeria ghaffari belonged to the family Eimeriidae. Oocysts of Eimeria tarentoli n. sp. were spherical to sub-spherical with single-layered, measured 21.6-31.4 x 15.3-25.2 (26.5 x 19.2) µm, with shape-index (length/width) was 2.01 (1.58-2.34). Both micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granules were present. Oocysts of Eimeria ghaffari n. sp. were elongated to cylindroids with single-layered wall, measured 29.6-31.3 x 14.7-23.2 (34.5 x 19.3) µm, shape-index (length/width) was 2.01 (1.98-2.65). Micropyle and oocyst residuums were absent, but single polar granule was present. Combining morphological characteristics, host specificity and geographical distribution, tissue tropism, in addition to molecular analysis of partial sequence of SSU ribosomal DNA gene, revealed that the recovered parasite species described herein were genetically distinct from other coccidian species, but had 95.7-95.1% sequence similarity to E. collieie and E. arnyi. Also, Phylogenetic analysis placed the present coccidian species in the gekkonid Eimeria clade, which is a sister group of bovids Eimeria species. In addition, the present study was considered as the first report for occurrence of eimerian species from the white spotted gecko in Egypt.

This article deals with the cestode parasites infecting some freshwater fishes of Manipur where the knowledge of fish parasites are less explored. The present study was carried out from 2015-2016. Five species of cestode parasites were collected during the study period viz., Lytocestus fossilis Singh, 1975; L. indicus (Moghe, 1925) Woodland, 1926; L. longicollis Rama Devi, 1973; Djombangia penetrans Bovien, 1926 and Ophiotaenia sp. La Rue, 1911.

Contamination of soil by hydrocarbons is becoming prevalent across the globe. This is probably due to heavy dependence on petroleum as a major source of energy throughout the world, rapid industrialization, population growth and complete disregards for the environmental health. The effects of hydrocarbon pollution on soil physical and chemical properties were investigated by using different methods. Physical analysis like Texture, pH, Lime status and EC were performed and concentration of Micro and Macronutrients were analyzed. The results revealed that organic carbon increased with increase in pollution while nitrogen, potassium and phosphorusdecreased with increase in pollution. The pH became more basic as pollution decreases. This result reveals that the polluted soil when compared with the control (soil from unpollutedfarmland) is unsuitable for agricultural activities as full remediation has not taken place except remediation can be hastened. This result reveals that the polluted soil is unsuitable for agricultural activities. A wide range of bioremediation strategies is being developed to treat contaminated soil.

In today’s world of cut throat competition for attaining maximum profits with minimum damage to the environment, imagine what would be the scenario if one is able to discover a methodology which uses the otherwise wasted energy for constructive purposes in the energy usage cycle primarily defining the functional process of that particular industry. Energy management thus becomes the inevitable aspect in any functional society. This paper identifies such a robust methodology of recovery of heat energy and its further use in the energy cycle. The recovered Heat energy from the hot crude product in a SAGD project can be reused effectively without being wasted by changing the medium of exchange. In SAGD projects usually glycol and BFW (boiler feed water) is used for cooling the hot crude product. The heated up glycol is used for heat tracing of lines instead of the electric tracing which is more common in Canada or polar countries where steam tracing becomes uneconomical. And the recovered glycol can be reused for cooling of the hot crude. The same glycol is also being used for heating up of the Working Areas with heat addition from heaters during winters. This is made possible because of glycol heat bearing capacity without change in state. Thus heat produced inside a facility is not wasted and is utilized effectively. Glycol (Ethylene Glycol) has been used as a heat transfer agent in automobile and air conditioning system for years now. Ethylene glycol is produce from Ethylene which oxidizes and reacts with water to form Ethylene glycol. It has a melting point of ‐12.9oC and a Boiling Point of 197.3oC. But Glycol when mixed in water, the Melting point and Boiling Point varies significantly depending on the concentration of the glycol, typically with a proportion of 70% glycol the freezing point reduced to ‐51oC. Hence by varying the proportion of the glycol in the mixture the heat carrying capacity can be changed according to the requirement. Thus, with this paper we intend to compare the various heat tracing methods, the energy consumption comparison in each method, the tracing system installation cost, the tracing system performance, the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) project philosophies, the modifications in the system while using glycol medium, glycol properties, the advantages and the challenges faced during the utilization of the heat conserved.

Theories of fuzzy relations occupy a central position in the field of research and development of mathematics. Recently regular semigroup has become very important and offers valuable results by applying fuzzy properties of many of its concepts. This study is an extension of the work “On Green’s Fuzzy Orthodox Semigroups". An important class of regular semigroups is an orthodox semigroup and some special classes of orthodox semigroups are a ‘Generalized inverse semigroups’. It endeavours to find out some important results on fuzzy generalized inverse semigroup. In the field of regular semigroups fuzziness becomes very important. So the researcher's are very much interested in finding out many results, connecting special classes of fuzzy regular semigroups, the set of its inverses, the set of its idempotents, their correspondence and to establish theorems. Using the composition of fuzzy relations we get quotient group of semigroup of Green’s fuzzy relations. In the ideal theory a semigroup S is simple when the only ideal of S is itself. In this sense the definitions fuzzy simple, fuzzy self-simple and fuzzy anti-simple are described using the new concept of Green’s fuzzy equivalence classes. Using two proportions to get a quotient class of a generalized inverse semigroup from a Green’s fuzzy anti-simple fuzzy congruence, on a generalized inverse semigroup, the study concludes by establishing four theorems with three equivalent conditions on a regular semigroup.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of Hausdorffness in fuzzy biclosure space. We obtain some important results relating to fuzzy pairwise T2 space (in short FP-T2). In particular, we find that T_2 satisfy basic desirable properties viz. hereditary, productive and projective properties. T_2 Fuzzy biclosure spaces are “good extensions” of the corresponding concepts in a biclosure spaces.

In this work We have investigated the magnetic ordering of Con/Ni systems with a first-principle calculation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) ferromagnetic (FM) face-centered cubic (fcc) of Cobalt Con on Ni substrate for n=1-3 over layers. The relaxed ion, relaxed ion + volume, and non-relaxed electronic structures of the Con/Ni (111) crystallographic orientations are determined with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and generalized gradient approximation + Hubbard (GGA+U). The onset of magnetism depends on the faces considered. The magnetism is most favored with GGA+UNi than with GGA calculations due to the strong correlations of Hubbard. The observed trends can be explained as in earlier studies in terms of the hybridization between d states of Ni substrate, also some interesting specific behavior of the magnetization in the fcc Con/Ni (111) overlayers with different layers has been observed.

A cloud point extraction (CPE) method was developed for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of lead using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) to determine trace amounts of lead in brinewater. The method was depend on the formation of the hydrophobic complex between Pb(II) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) followed by its extraction into a Triton X-114surfactant. The parameters such as effect of modifying agent, pH of sample, concentrations of DDTC and Triton X-114, equilibrium temperature, and equilibrium time, which affect both complexation and extraction, are optimized. Under the selected optimum conditions, and use of hydrazonium sulphate as matrix modifying agents enable us to develop the direct method for determination Pb in brine water. The accuracy of the method was batter than 95.3 % while the detection limit was found to be (0.0781µg/ml) for preconcentration of 1 ml sample for the determination of Pb(II) is obtained.

A simple, selective, precise and accurate High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method for the analysis of Acifluorfen in its formulations was developed and validated in the present study. The mobile phase consists of mixture of 0.05% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the proportion 20: 80 (v/v). This was found to give sharp peak of Acifluorfen at a run time of 10 min. HPLC analysis of Acifluorfen was carried out at a wave length of 225 nm with a flow rate of 1.0mL/ min. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration curve showed a good linear relationship with a regression coefficient 0.998 in the concentration range of 50% to 150%. The linear regression equation was y =1907x + 270.4. The developed method was employed with a high degree of precision and accuracy for the analysis of Acifluorfen. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness and specificity. The precision, accuracy, sensitivity, short retention time and composition of the mobile phase indicated that this method is useful for the quantification of Acifluorfen.

The linear algebra plays important roll to almost all kinds of algebraic system. And the algebraic system in various natural sciences has the extremely widespread application. In this article, we collected a large number of data, describes how to the linear algebra to the transformation of the matrix, and its many kinds of algorithms, and even some algorithm program is presented.

This paper attempts to present customers satisfaction perception towards service quality provided by Tunisie Telecom operators in Tunisia. For many years, the telecommunications industry has been seeking to adapt its technology to help operators remain competitive in a competitive environment fraught with sophisticated new services. Today, we witness a real shift from supply-oriented marketing to demand-oriented marketing, from product-oriented marketing to customer-oriented marketing, also known as push marketing, a loyalty marketing that is increasingly becoming relational in focus. This form of marketing is suitable for customers who require more services, more facilities and an increasingly customized communication. In this paper, our starting point is a review of the literature in which we try to define some relevant key terms such as perceived quality and satisfaction and the nature of the relationship that may bind these two concepts. Second, we report on an empirical study conducted in order to better understand the impact of perceived quality on the satisfaction of industrial customers with their phone operator ''Tunisie Telecom''. To this end, a questionnaire-based quantitative study was conducted. Our study consisted of the following stages: the sampling stage, questionnaire development and administration, analysis via SPSS, an analysis stage and the results reporting stage. Indeed, the study confirms the presence of a causal relationship pointing to the positive impact of quality on satisfaction. Indeed, Tunisie Telecom could improve the quality of its offerings and determine its customers’ needs in terms of service delivery. Moreover, Tunisian companies showed a great deal of satisfaction with the performance of Tunisie Telecom’sales service while wishing for a continuous improvement of its offers. These results will enable Tunisie Telecom to be able to identify its offerings and meet well the needs and expectations of its target customers. In addition, Tunisia Telecom should focus on managing service quality and customer satisfaction to provide a sustainable competitors and insure an ongoing business development tool.

Socio-economic condition is indicates the development of human life, like this tea plantation workers development also. They are depends the earnings form tea plantation, it help them to run their family. This study focuses about socio economic conditions of workers, in this case no significant relationship in age and gender. Hence, in the economy factor is no improvement of monthly income and monthly expenditure. Even though job opportunity avail for the workers. India is also such a country, where about 70 per cent of the labour force is employed in the agriculture sector. Although in the recent years the share of agriculture in Gross Domestic Product is coming down, still agriculture is the dominant sector of the economy and it impacts the well being of the other sectors.

Malaysia’s tourism industry is deeply wounded following several unfortunate incidents in recent years. As a result, hotels across Malaysia are poorly performing compared to how they have performed in the past years. Although previous researchers confirm the influential roles of price fairness and service value in predicting customer satisfaction and hotels’ performance, previous researchers have failed to establish how well price fairness and service value increase price satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Thus, this study explores the extent to which customers’ price fairness and service value affects price satisfaction and customer satisfaction in theMalaysian hotel industry. A total of 166 responses have been collected from leisure tourists that come to Malaysia from across the world. The findings reveal that price fairness and service value are useful predictors of hotel price satisfaction and customer satisfaction. The study also offers potential research avenue for future researchers.

The purpose of this study was relationship among anthropometric measurements and fast bowlers performance. The 82 male fast bowlers were selected from inter district level representation in Andhra Pradesh on non-randomly by purposive sample was used. Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation was used to Analysis of the collected data on anthropometric measurements are Height (0.585*), Ponderal Index (0.259*), Fore Arm Girth (-0.237*), Shoulder Width (0.364*) coefficient of correlation with fast bowlers performance was positively with significant level 0.05. Remaining anthropometric measurements not correlated on this current study.

Study shows that there is a very innovative programmes organized by industry. Proper role and responsibility have to be allocated to all the trainers for the accountability. Training may receive the positive or negative results. Idea of training should not be rejected or over on getting the negative feedback. Infact, we should try to emphasis on the positive and should try to design the programmes on the base of need analyses and company objectives. Responsibility of training at each level of management should be well defined. Training methods in the Infosys technologies, TCS, Accenture, IBM demonstrate the Model of training including Induction training, simulation Sensitivity Training, Simulation exercises, Vestibule Training, Lectures and conferences, In-basket training methods like, Role playing, Case study, Management Games, Simulation Exercises: Simulation is any artificial environment exactly similar to the actual situation. Vestibule Training Demonstrations like Lectures Audio-visuals, Programmed Instruction (PI), Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI), Simulation Conference Case, Studies Role Plays are also communally used by the Industry.

Sometimes referred to as older-preneurs, by others as senior entrepreneurs, third age entrepreneurs, gray entrepreneurs, and other names, persons aged 50 and over are starting businesses at a rate faster than any other age demographic. This phenomenon runs counter to the overall rate of new business startups which has been declining since the 1970’s. Research supports that baby-boomers are becoming senior entrepreneurs and often out-perform their younger counterparts in several ways. In this paper, the author discusses the reasons for the senior entrepreneur boom, profiles some of the more successful senior entrepreneurs, and identifies the keys to success for older entrepreneurs.

Sometimes referred to as older-preneurs, by others as senior entrepreneurs, third age entrepreneurs, gray entrepreneurs, and other names, persons aged 50 and over are starting businesses at a rate faster than any other age demographic. This phenomenon runs counter to the overall rate of new business startups which has been declining since the 1970’s. Research supports that baby-boomers are becoming senior entrepreneurs and often out-perform their younger counterparts in several ways. In this paper, the author discusses the reasons for the senior entrepreneur boom, profiles some of the more successful senior entrepreneurs, and identifies the keys to success for older entrepreneurs.

Blogs have the potential to increase reflection, sense of community and collaboration in the classrooms. Blogging has become an increasingly popular technological tool within an educational context. Blogs provide opportunities for people to publish their thoughts, opinions and feelings in an online environment. The potential of blog use in increasing student interactivity and collaboration has been explored by many educators. This study focused on teaching of blog B.Ed., students and found that the students were very much interested to learn psychology through blog. The researcher was find out the performance of the students in learning Psychology through blog and to the traditional method of teaching. Experiment method was used in this study. 40 B.Ed. students participated in this study. This data was analyzed using Mean, standard deviation and t-test .Findings revealed that the blog method is effective than the ordinary method.

Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by developmental dystrophies of ectodermal structures. The X-linked recessive ED (Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome) is the most common disorder affects mostly males and is inherited through female and they become carriers. It is characterized by the triad of signs of sparse hair (atrichosis or hypotrichosis), abnormal or missing teeth (anodontia or hypodontia) and inability to sweat due to lack of sweat glands (anhidrosis or hypohidrosis).The lack of teeth and the special appearance were reported to be major concerns. Thus an early diagnosis is important. Families suffering from this disorder should therefore be offered genetic counselling. Currently the genes and gene products are defined, hence identification of the genes and taking necessary precautions before starting a family will be beneficial. For the patients as well as the dentists, tooth agenesis and its secondary effects on growth and development of the jaws is often the most significant clinical and therapeutical problem. The course of the treatment is to restore the function and the aesthetics of the teeth, normalise the vertical dimension and support the facial soft tissues. We report two cases of ectodermal dysplasia with review in this article for better understanding of this disorder.

Class III malocclusion continues to be one of the most challenging problems confronting orthodontist and paediatric dentists owing to its unpredictable and unfavourable growth pattern. Although early orthopaedic intervention is recommended but still it is not customarily used because of poor patient compliance and convoluted appliance therapy. The following case report describes management of a 5-year old male patient in deciduous dentition with developing class III malocclusion by modified occlusal splint along with facemask. Improved patient compliance with this new appliance enabled correction of malocclusion in 6 months and encouraging favourable skeletal growth for future.

Imaging technology has revolutionized over the past few decades and has witnessed immense development, especially in the field of oral and maxillofacial imaging. The development of ‘Black bone MRI’signifies anew era of paradigm shift in maxillofacial imaging where thisMRI sequence for imaging cortical bone can be used as a potential replacement for CT. Using alow flip angle with short repetition and echo times, this sequence is optimized to minimize soft tissue contrastand enhance the bone-soft tissue boundary. Furthermore, Black bone MRI eliminates radiation burden to the patients as it is a non-invasive ‘radiation-free’ method of paediatric diagnoses and adult screening of benign and malignant lesions affecting the maxillofacial region. This paper elaborates this novel gradient echo MRI sequence and highlights the potential of this sequence in maxillofacial imaging.

The accuracy of impression materials in terms of both dimensional stability and detail reproduction is necessary for FPD and implant prosthesis. For this purpose polyvinyl siloxane impression material have become extremely popular. This material is known for their excellent elastic recovery, optimal accuracy, adequate tear resistence, satisfactory handeling characteristics and virtually ideal dimentional stability. VSE (Vinyl siloxane ether) is newly introduced material with additional benefits of hydrophilic properties. In the present study we are comparing the effect of one step and two step impression technique on accuracy when finish line is within the sulcular area by using PVS (addition silicon) and VSE. A standardized stainless steel die was fabricated for making impressions with Polyvinyl Siloxane Ether (Group A) and Vinyl Polysiloxane (group B). 20 impressions of each group were made. Further the two groups were subdivided into one (one step impression technique) & two (two step impression technique). The accuracy of impression material was measured using 3 D scanner. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The mean difference in dimensional change between the four groups was not statistically significant (P(0.05). However the results revealed that there was higher mean dimensional accuracy with two step impression technique of vinyl polysiloxane impression material.

The chronic kidney disease is a public health problem in aggravation. The management requires best conditions for dialysis initiation. The national and international recommendations suggest multidisciplinary management of chronic disease. We report here the experience of "Lot-et-Garonne" regarding the benefits of a proximity nurses and dietitians counseling. Since its five years of existence, we would evaluate the impacts of the proximity therapeutic education offered by theses paramedical teams in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease. The main objective is to determine if the Proximity Nurse and Dietitian Counseling could reduce the emergency dialysis. We have selected 212 patients new dialyzed, divided into 3 groups according to the types of consultations which they have benefited. The main objective is to determine if the Proximity Nurse and Dietitian Counseling could decrease the emergency dialysis. The others objectifs are to determine if it could increase the using of native fistula for starting the dialysis, secondly if it could increase the rate of dialysis in satellites dialysis center and finally if it could increase the survival rate one year after starting the dialysis. During this study, patients were divided into 3 groups according to the types of consultations which they have benefited. So, 93 patients were followed exclusively by nephrologists, 76 have had a medical nephrology monitoring and hospital nurse consultation and 43 have benefited the Proximity Nurse and Dietitian Counseling in ad of both previous consultations. The proximity Nurse and Dietitian Counseling allowed to decrease significantly the emergency dialysis in 43% to 20.28%. It could increased significantly also the using of artery veinous fistula passing 44.09% in Groupe 1 to 90,7% in Groupe 3 and the transfert in Satellites Auto-Dialysis Unit or Antennas passing 39.78% to 74.42% in the two previous groupes without changing the survival rate. The presence of the paramedical management including nurse and dietitian counseling are close substitutes consultations. Sometimes, they induce medical consultations required for strict monitoring of patients. Its benefits is not only reducing the emergency dialysis but also promoting the using of artery veinous fistula and the hemodialysis in antennas and so producing different economic impacts at all levels. The proximity educational therapeutic helped for managing the patients with chronic kidney disease. It should be included in their care management.

Introduction- Leukoplakia’s are premalignant lesions with a significant 0-20% potential for malignant transformation. There are various ways to prevent malignant transformation, surgical interventions are amongst one are recommended for their removal. Laser ablation is one of the favored procedures with sequential histopathology using one of the many types of lasers. The efficacy of such procedure with respect to the lesion location is, however, unclear. Many studies are contradictory. Some shows laser ablations as prevention of malignisation other see it as increased risk. Aim and Objectives- To compare the a) efficacy of diode laser versus scalpel; b) clinical healing and; c) histopathological changes. Material and Method- Ablation of the leukoplakia lesion by 810nm diode laser in outpatients (Group A) or excising the leukoplakia lesion using conventional method [scalpel] (Group B) from different region including buccal mucosa, tongue, alveolar ridge. In total 20 lesions were treated under local anesthesia in altogether 20patients. Initially, all lesions were histopathologically confirmed by taking punch biopsy from the encountered lesion. Follow up was done in the interval of 7days, 3weeks, 6months, 9months and 12 months. Results- Conventional method found to be more beneficial in all aspects though laser ablation has proved to have patient compliance, faster healing and no scar formation but malignant transformation is found to be more in laser ablation procedure. Conclusion- Higher risk of reoccurrence and malignant transformation of leukoplakia is observed, especially verrucous type.Thus scalpel method overshadows the laser ablation method as per the current study. Hence more studies are required to confirm its pros and cons.

The biliary tract is a complex organ system that performs the simple though vital task of collecting, storing, and delivering bile to the gastrointestinal tract. Diseases of the biliary tract can be extremely painful, debilitating, and occasionally life threatening. the complex development of the liver and biliary system in utero can result in multiple anatomic variations. An absolute knowledge of these anatomic variations with careful dissection and identification of structures at the time of surgery is a minimal requirement for the safe performance of any hepatobiliary operation. Because of the unforgiving nature of the biliary system, errors in technique or judgment can be disastrous to the patient, resulting in lifelong disability or death. For this reason, a high premium exists on performing the correct procedure, without technical misadventure, the first time. Equally important is the ability to recognize iatrogenic injury so that prompt repair or referral to a surgeon who has expertise in hepatobiliary surgery can be instituted. Positive outcome requires a balance between sound judgement, technical acumen, and attention to detail. Additionally, the surgeon of today must be able to integrate surgical options with the broadening array of radiologic and endoscopic treatment options available in the management of patients who have these disorders. Also because of the great frequency with which the operation is performed, cholecystectomy remains the greatest source of post-operative biliary injuries. In a review of more than 42,000 open cholecystectomies performed in the United Statess in 1989, the incidence of incidence of biliary injuries was documented to be 0.2%. Strasberg and associates reported a 0.3% incidence of injuries in a literature review of more than 25,000 open cholecystectomies since 1980. The advent and preference for laparoscopic cholecystectomy has refocused attention on this issue, however because of the significant increase in the number of injuries. Several studies worldwide have documented a marked increase in the frequency of bile duct injuries associated with the laparoscopic approach, ranging from 0.4% to 1.3%. Also in a review of nearly 125,000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies reported in the literature in the years 1991-1993, Strasbeg and colleagues reported an overall incidence of biliary injuries of 0.85%.

Background: Undiffrentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of vulva with osteoclastic giant cells is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is an exceptionally uncommon diagnostic finding which was eventually diagnosed in our institute and this required a methodical clinical approach and extensive immunohistochemical markers to rule out other probable diagnostic possibilities at this site. The quick diagnostic approach at our institute was ensued by operation. Case Report: 53 years old female presented with vulval growth to our institute. Incision biopsy was performed as a routine procedure. Biopsy showed atypical spindle cells with few cells showing rhabdoid morphology and osteoclast like giant cells were also present. Histological findings with aid of immunohistochemistry led to the diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with osteoclast like giant cells. The tumor cells stained intensely for vimentin (a mesenchymal marker), but no immunoreactivity for the Cytokeratin Pan (epithelial cells marker), Leukocyte Common Antigen (lymphoid cells marker), SMA (smooth muscle actin), Desmin (smooth and striated muscular cells marker), S100 (neuronal cells marker), CD34 (to identify vascular tumor), CD99 (synovial sarcoma marker) was detected. Conclusion: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the vulva is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm that presents diagnostic challenges. Therefore, as with all rare tumors, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma should be managed in reference centers to determine whether treatment of choice is surgical excision or some form of adjuvant therapy can have beneficial effects.

Scientific language is supposed to be clear and concise. This is the reason why natural Sciences, in general, are expressed through mathematics and quantify their conclusions. Anthropological sciences, medical in particular, and of these, forensic psychiatry specifically use phenomenological descriptions. The quantification of a forensic psychiatric examination would generate language of maximum clarity and concision, lacking distortions from the way of thinking from the different types of experts dealing with such cases. The present paper proposes such a possible quantification model for the integrative mental capacity of the patient being evaluated.

Facing the crescent transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and elsewhere, the objective of this study was to analyze the number and features of publications since the discovery of the virus until May 2016. A bibliometric and integrative review of literature using the single descriptor "Virus Zika" to reach researches around the world. Were found 428 papers and 321 analyzed in this study, of which 59.8% were indexed in PubMed database. The increasing number of publications of different aspect of the virus and epidemics is remarkable and show the rapid answer from research institutes, universities and groups, financial agencies to face this emergent public health threat.

Aim: To analyse the potential cognitive factors and family functioning related to adherence among type 1 diabetic mellitus adolescents in India. Method: Standardised tools such as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (1983); Self Care Inventory-R(2001); Emotional Regulation(2003); Family Assessment Device(1983) was administered on 84 adolescents who had mean age of 15.4 years; their age of diabetes onset was 9.83 years; the mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 5.5 years; 37% boys were participants in the current study and 52% of the participants hailed from urban and semi-urban areas. Results: The results were analyzed through the statistical tool Spearman correlation which revealed significant relationship between family functioning and adherence (p=.318**); behavioural control practiced by family members and adherence (p=.339**); affective involvement and adherence (p=.216*); communication and adherence (p=-.261*).Thus, when an individual is able to evaluate their family environment, they are more likely to adhere to their treatment regimen. Conclusion: A chronic health condition may likely place the adolescent in jeopardy for developing emotional and behavioural problems which may hinder adherence to treatment regimen. Also, the functioning of the family in which the adolescent resides can influence adherence to the diabetes regimen.

In recent years, stress analysis of dental structures has been a topic of interest with an objective of determining stresses in the dental structures and improvement of the mechanical strength of these structures. The study of orthodontic biomechanics requires the understanding of nature of stress and strain induced by orthodontic forces. FEM is an engineering method of calculating stresses and strains in all materials including living tissues. The finite element analysis provides the orthodontist with quantitative data that can extend the understanding of physiologic reactions that occur within the dentoalveolar complex. Such a structural analysis allows the determination of stress resulting from external force, pressure, thermal change, and other factors. The scope of the review covers various steps of finite element analysis, its applications in context to orthodontics and general dentistry.

Aims of the study: To study clinical presentation, complications and response to supportive management of cases of scorpion sting. Methods and Material: Thirty cases of acute scorpion bite were studied in detail and compared with previous data from literature. Results: All the thirty cases were brought to our hospital, among them twenty one cases were males and remaining nine cases were females, with their age ranging from 14 years to 62 years. Sixteen cases were farmers, six were housewives, five were students, two were truck drivers and one was manual labourer. Local pain was prominent symptoms, next were warm extremities, breathlessness, sweating, palpitation and vomiting, eighteen cases had tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia. Two cases had mydriasis, pulmonary oedema, ST segment changes and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. None of the patient was treated with mechanical ventilation. All the cases responded to supportive treatment and recovered completely. Conclusion: Scorpion stings are more common in males. Maximum patients are in age group of fourth decade. Incidence is high in farmers. Maximum number of cases had scorpion sting on lower limb. Stings are more at the day time. Local pain, breathlessness, sweating and redness of local area are the commonest symptom. Tachycardia hypertension and hyperthermia are common signs. Mydriasis is rare. Electrocardiogram were normal except few had ST segment depression and ventricular premature beats. Myocarditis and pulmonary oedema are rare complications which are treatable.

Introduction: Myopia of eyes characterized by a limited vision of remote objects while nearby objects appear in focus. It is the most common refractive error attacking (1). Several studies have revealed that increasing t prevalence of myopia over the past few decades, reaching up to 80% in some populations. (2,3). Objective: The primary objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of myopia among senior medical students, and the secondary objective was to identify any relationship between different types of study electronic and non- electronic methods used by students. Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdul-Aziz University in 2015. A two-staged sampling technique. A questionnaire was constructed with Questions included measuring risk factors for myopia. Results: Out of 240, 76%were females and 24% were males. Prevalence of myopia was 19%. 34% complained of a progressive worsening of their symptoms. (74%) had a first degree relative with myopia. 37% of the myopic students complained of headaches after reading. The correlation between myopia and non-electronic type of study was significant (p-value .027). And with electronic (p-value.175) Conclusion: The results of this study indicate progression of myopia during medical school was very significant: chi- square test =36.06 (p-value .000). And suggest an association between the types of study and the progression of their eye diseases.

Aim: The aim of this study is to find a potential alternative that can be used in place of the regular fixatives. Materials and Method: In this study, we will use sodium nitrite as a fixative. 5 samples of the tissue overlying the extracted teeth will be used. 30g, 35g, 40g, 45g and 50g of sodium nitrite were the concentrations. Background: Fixation is the foundation step behind the study of pathology and essentially exists to prevent the autolysis and degradation of the tissue and tissue components such that they can be observed both anatomically and microscopically following sectioning. The broad objective of tissue fixation is to preserve cells and tissue components in a “life-like state”. Sodium nitrite has been found to inhibit growth of disease-causing microorganisms; give taste and color to the meat; and inhibit lipid oxidation that leads to rancidity. The study was carried out in 2016 using 40g, 50g, 60g and 80g of sodium nitrite in 100 ml of water. 40g sodium nitrite showed the best fixation properties among the other concentrations. Even 60g showed significant results. However in the experimental study we chose concenterations around 40g. Conclusion: An innovative Method to detect the effectiveness of a new salt like sodium nitrite as a fixative in place of the usual toxic Formalin.

Aim: The main aim was to find appropriate and comfortable options to treat resorbed alveolar ridges. Objective: The main objective was to find a cure and appropriate options to for the augmentation of highly resorbed alveolar ridges in an effect to provide a much comfortable and reasonable option to completely edentulous patients in an effect to wear denture bases or treat the resorbed alveolar ridge to give an implant. Materials and Methods: The survey was carried in saveetha dental college by distributing a questionnaire to about 150 dental student, post graduates and dental practitioners. The questionnaire consisted of 13 close ended questions and 2 open ended questions. Results: The extent to how much dental students and dental practitioners know about management of highly resorbed ridges progressively increases from dental practitioners to postgraduates then when compared to the final years This can be attributed to increased experience ad exposure Conclusion: Although the awareness and knowledge among the students, post graduates and dental practitioners is sufficient and satisfactory which was assessed through this survey. It provides the need to educate the practitioners and post graduates to carry out the same and practice it in patients with severe residual alveolar ridges.

Objectives: In spite of extensive research and progress over the past few decades in prosthetic dentistry, a common objective for impressions of interim crowns or fixed dental prostheses is to register the prepared abutments and finish lines accurately. For all impression procedures, the gingival tissue must be displaced to allow the subgingival finish lines to be registered. Retraction is the temporary displacement of the gingival tissue away from the prepared teeth. Different techniques are mentioned in literature for this purpose. Materials and Methods: in this article four techniques are discussed namely retraction cord , Diode LASER, Electrosurgery and Expasyl retraction system to evaluate and compare with time 1) Patient’s comfort after gingival retraction/displacement. (2) Gingival health. Results and Conclusion: The results indicated that gingival retraction by Expasyl retraction system is better than the other two in term of patient comfort, gingival recession (0.04 mm 14 days after retraction), and gingival health. Trauma to gingival tissue was minimal and gingival tissue returned to normal condition within 24 hours.

Aim: This case reports discuss the non-surgical correction of openbite using conventional biomechanics. Background: Open bite is a malocclusion that occurs in the vertical plane, characterized by lack of vertical overlap between the maxillary and mandibular dentition. Openbite can occur in the anterior and the posterior region and are called anterior openbite and posterior openbite respectively. The diagnosis, treatment, and successful retention of treated openbite malocclusion pose a challenge to the technical ability and skills of the clinicians. Case Description: This case reports discuss the management of Anterior openbite in a 32 yr old male patient who refused surgical treatment so a non-extraction treatment was planned using box elastics. Anterior spacing was closed using elastic thread. Class I molar and canine relation was achieved with normal overjet and overbite along with a pleasing smile. Conclusion: The use of fixed tongue crib and Box elastics could correct the anterior openbite in some extent and helped in maintaining proper Overjet and overbite, improvement in profile and smile esthetics. Fixed retainer with tongue crib along with patient motivation for tongue exercise improved the long-term stability. Clinical significance: This case report discussed the non surgical management of anterior open bite using conventional biomechanics. NiTi wire used here benefits the correction of open bite by its bite deepening property. Fixed tongue crib and Box elastics in some extent helped in maintaining proper overjet and overbite, improvement in profile and smile esthetics.

Aim: To compare and evaluate the penetrability of three different root canal sealers – An Invitro study. Materials and Methods: Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used in the present study. The teeth were decoronated and canal lengths were established 1 mm short of the apex and divided into 4 groups. Group 1 used epoxy resin based sealer, Group 2 used polydimethylsiloxane based sealer, Group 3 used calcium based sealer and Group 4 used zinc oxide based sealer (control). The canal system was prepared using the protaper universal rotary system. Smear layer was removed by irrigating the canals with 3 ml of freshly prepared 17% EDTA solution, followed by irrigation with 3 ml of 5.25% NaOCl, for 3 minutes. EDTA was employed as the final rinse followed by a rinse with distilled water. Roots were sectioned using diamond disc, these sections were gold sputtered and examined under scanning electron microscope. Dentin sections were fixed in acrylic resin block, polyethylene tubes were cut to form 3-mm-high cylinders. The sealers were mixed according to the manufactures instructions and dispersed into the cylindrical space. The samples were then engaged perpendicularly at their base of universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 1 mm min-1. Results: It was found that Group 1 had higher depth of sealer penetration than the other group of sealers evaluated in the study. Conclusion: Calcium silicate sealer had comparable penetrability to that of epoxy resin sealer. Within the limitations of the present study it can be concluded that epoxy resin based sealer had better penetration when compared to that of other sealers evaluated in this study.

It is a documentary research of qualitative and quantitative approach, carried out through secondary data obtained through reports from relatives of patients with potential donor, female and male, patients diagnosed with brain death. That aims to know the reasons why the family not to authorize the donation of organs and tissues for transplantation. These records were made by a team of Organ and Tissue Procurement Organization (OPO Tapajós), a resident of the Lower Amazon Regional Hospital, in the city of Santarém, Pará. Data collection was conducted through forms with open and closed questions recorded on the instrument itself. The subjects of this study were all potential donors registered in the reporting forms with a diagnosis of brain death that are part of the records of that organization. The forms analyzed comprise the years January 2012 to March 2015. According to the organization, the records of notification of potential donors OPO Tapajós, the percentage of family refusals showed that in 2012 it obtained the highest number of negative, with 47% of potential donors, second 2014 with 42%, followed by 2015 which showed a 25% rate, and finally in 2013 with a lower rejection rate, only 20% of cases. We are listeded six reasons for not organ donation, namely: 25% intact body, 25% religious conviction, dissatisfaction with hospital care 20%, family or donor contrary to the donation of 15%, lack 10% family consensus, 5% undecided family.

Healthy diet helps children to grow develop and perform well in school. Healthy food also helps to prevent chronic diseases, such as heart disease, certain cancers, diabetes, stroke and osteoporosis that are leading causes of disability and death. Family, friends and personal beliefs, including cultural and environmental considerations, play a major role in people's food selection. The nutritional assessment process includes two phases: screening and assessment. The definitions of nutrional screening and assessment vary slightly from one setting to another. The major purpose, however, is to screen for nutritional risks and apply specific assessment techniques to determine an action plan (Council on Practice, Quality Management Committee, 1994). Screening identifies patients at nutritional risk or suspected to be at risk due to disease or medical treatment. The goals of screening are to identify individuals who are at nutritional risk and those who need further assessment, as well as to determine who should provide that assessment .Screening can be done in different places. The screening tool can be used in the clinic setting, for the elderly in congregate feeding situations. A short screening can be used in hospitalized patients not suspected of being at risk. Thus various nutritional analysis tools available in literature are discussed for effectively identifying the population under nutritional risk.

Excessive gingival display and gingival hyperpigmentation are major concerns for a large number of patients visiting the dentist. This problem is aggravated in patients with a gummy smile or excessive gingival display while smiling. This case report represents a simple surgical technique to de-epithelization which has been successfully used to treat gingival hyperpigmentation caused by excessive melanin deposition and crown lengthening procedure in a 14 year old female patient. Highlighting the relevance of an esthetically pleasing smile, especially in smile conscious individuals.

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a non-neoplastic reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in the anterior maxillary region. Occurrence of POF in mandible is uncommon as compared to maxilla. It represents up to 2% of all oral lesions involving gingiva that are biopsied. In this case report we are presenting a case report of POF in mandibular anterior region in a 65 year old female. This case report describes the clinical features, etiopathogenesis, histopathology and treatment.

Introduction: Pregnancy causes stress on thyroid gland especially in areas of iodine deficiency. Women with pre-eclampsia are more likely to have slightly reduced thyroid function during the last weeks of their pregnancies. Objectives: This study was to assess changes in serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Free Thyroxine (FT4) in pre-eclamptic cases compared to second-half normal pregnant and non-pregnant Sudanese women and their correlations to other biomarkers. Methods: This was a case-control study, in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan. The pre-eclamptic cases (72) were compared to control second-half normal pregnant (96) and non-pregnant (63) Sudanese women. The groups were matched. The clinical and laboratory investigations were undertaken at St Hellier s hospital – London. TSH was measured by two-site sandwich immunoassay and Free T4 by competitive immunoassay using chemiluminescent technology. Liver and renal function tests were performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (SiemensAdvia2400 Chemistry System Serial No CA12420098and No a12420083). Results: There was a highly significant difference in mean of TSH in mU/L between pre-eclamptic (2.52 ± 1.15) and non-pregnant (1.36 ± 0.71) (P-value = 0.000), between pre-eclamptic (2.52 ± 1.15) and pregnant (1.53 ± 0.79) (P-value = 0.000), but no significant difference between non-pregnant (1.36 ± 0.71) and pregnant (1.53 ± 0.79) (P-value = 0.237). There was a highly significant difference in mean of FT4 in pmol/L between non- pregnant (16.11 ± 2.02) and pregnant (13.55 ± 2.09) (P-value = 0.000), between non- pregnant (16.11 ± 2.02) and pre-eclampsia (13.96 ± 2.18) (P-value = 0.000), but no significant difference between pregnant (13.55 ± 2.09) and pre-eclampsia (13.96 ± 2.18) (P-value = 0. 213). TSH, in pre-eclampsia, has significant correlations with serum uric acid (r=0.50, P=0.049), serum albumin (r = 0.28, P = 0.018) , serum Aspartate transferase (AST) (r= 0.24 P= 0.049) and urine protein (r = 0.42, P = 0.000); but had no significant correlations with blood pressure or serum Alanine Transferase (ALT) (r= 0.03, P= 0.792). FT4, in pre-eclamptic cases, had no significant correlations, except with urine creatinine (r=0.3, P=0.003). Conclusions: This study revealed that TSH was significantly increased in pre-eclamptic when compared to normal pregnant and non-pregnant women, FT4 was significantly decreased in pre-eclamptic cases when compared to non-pregnant women.

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma encompasses all malignancies originating in the oral cavity and there is need for improvement in early detection of oral carcinomas because treatment is more effective and the morbidity is minimal. Cytological study of oral cells is a non-aggressive technique that is well accepted by patients and an attractive option for early diagnosis. AgNORs study provides understanding of the tumoral behavior since their frequency, size and cell arrangement have been reported as a discriminatory factor between certain suspected lesions. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acidic, argyrophilic, nonhistonic proteins by using silver-staining AgNOR technique in exfoliated cells and to compare in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials And Methods: Exfoliative cells were obtained from 25 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 25 cases of normal mucosa by using wooden spatula. After staining, 100 epithelial cells were randomly selected and counted by using oil immersion at 1000x magnification. Student’s independent t-test was used for data analysis. Result: The mean AgNORs count per nucleus was found to be 4.46 in oral squamous cell carcinoma group and 2.84 in normal mucosa with a p-value (<0.0001) and was statistically significant. Conclusion: Thus the present study suggested that, the silver staining technique used for the detection of NORs in conjunction with exfoliative cytology is an easy, non-invasive and accurate screening method for the detection of clinically suspicious oral cancerous lesions. Because of its simplicity and high reliability for cellular proliferation, AgNOR staining with oral smears can be used as an adjunct to the other cytological diagnoses for the early detection of oral cancer.

Endobronchial tuberculosis is rare nowadays. Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is known to complicate pulmonary tuberculosis and can occur in the absence of parenchymal lesion, and is less recognised which can lead to difficulties in diagnosis. We report a 60-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath and wheezing simulating bronchial asthma. A rare case of endobronchial tuberculosis presented as central tracheal mass in CT scan suspecting malignancy. Patient was sputum smear negative for acid fast bacilli. Diagnosis was possible only with fiberoptic bronchoscopy along with cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test.

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by weakness and fatiguability of skeletal muscles, with improvement following rest. It may be localized to specific muscle groups or it may be generalized. The incidence of myasthenia gravis is cited as 50 to 142 cases per 1 million and women in the age group of 20 - 30 yrs are most commonly affected. It is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by a decrease in acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction secondary to their destruction or inactivation by circulating antibodies. Patients are at an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration because of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscle weakness, and they may present with dysphagia, dysarthria and an overall difficulty of handling secretions. In this case report, we describe a patient with myasthenia gravis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a proseal laryngeal mask airway without the use of muscle relaxant.

Academic performance is the ability of students to cope with their studies as well as how various tasks assigned to them by their instructors are accomplished. Many studies were conducted by previous researchers have discussed the different factors that affect students' academic performances. The aim of the study is to determine the factor affecting academic performance among female nursing student. A descriptive design was used in this study. The study was conducted in Nursing College at Taibah University (Saudi Arabia). The study comprised of 205 under-graduate female nursing students was chosen from the above mentioned setting. The actual number of female matinee nursing students 258 of different academic levels: level 3 to level 8. Two tools was used to collect data. The first tool was Interviewing questionnaire, the second toot was self-reporting questionnaire to gather data on the factors affecting nursing students The finding shows the most factor affect academic performance was from personal condition was feeling sleepy in class and less factor was difficult of breathing and from the study habit the most important factor affecting academic performance was studying only for quiz, teacher has mastery of the subject matter’ had the greatest mean with a very high impact, and the time scheduled is not followed was considered high impact factor of school related aspects. The study finding concluded that there are several factors pose a high impact on the academic performance of student nurses, with School-Related factors topping the list. Among the five (5) domains, study habits and teacher-related factors fall behind the school-related factors. Nonetheless, both categories are still deemed to be highly impactful. The main study recommendations: 1- teachers should use varied strategies so as to improve the academic performance of the learners; 2- teachers should undergo seminars on teaching strategies to improve classroom instruction; 3-the researcher suggests a research specifying a subject in determining the factors affecting the academic performance of student nurses and adding respondents from level one to level three.

The era of elementary medicine where there were primitive methods of health practice has undergone changes by leaps & bounds. Today, the ever changing world of medicine and science is full of ideas and concepts in a mind-boggling array. The inroads of scientific & evidence based research into medical practice in terms of diagnosis, management & even perception of medical treatment are changing the future of medicine.

An investigation was carried out to analyze the antipyretic activity of the marine mollusc Babylonia spirata. Methanol extract of Babylonia spirata was subjected to antipyretic activity on Wistar albino rats by Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia. The extract when administered at a dose of 400mg/kg body weight caused significant antipyretic activity by lowering the body temperature (37.12±0.13) at 3 rd hour compared to standard drug paracetamol (37.51±0.14). The methanolic extract of Babylonia spirata at the concentration of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg showed a significant (P<0.05) antipyretic activity.

A fibrinolytic enzyme was produced by Pseudomonas putida B-18, isolated from soil. Screening of protease enzyme activity checked on milk nutrient agar, followed by fibrin agar plate for its fibrinolytic activity. Soy meal wheat powder broth used for the production of enzyme. Enzyme purification was done by ammonium salt precipitation, dialysis and DEAE cellulose. Native PAGE performed for the determination of molecular weight of the enzyme. In vitro blood clot lysis found within 19h of incubation. Effect of various environmental factors on enzyme activity was performed; in that maximum activity observed at 450 C temperature, pH 9.0. FeSO4, MgSO4, ZnSO4, CoCl2 and CuSO4 had inhibitory action except CaCl2.

The evaluation of pollen viability and its germination capacity are two essential criteria for pollinator’s characterization. This study was carried out to determine in vitro pollen viability and pollen germination in a medicinal plant Guaiacum officinale L. belonging to the family Zygophyllaceae. To study the role of boron in pollen germination and pollen tube growth, pollen grains were cultured in standard medium or Boron deficient medium. The maximum 48% pollen germination along with 56.89µm long pollen tube developed in 15% sucrose solution supplemented with 0.01% boric acid compaired to the boron deficient medium. Two pollen viability tests, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) and Cotton blue in lactophenol were used and pollen grains showed nearly 39.2% and 40.6% viability respectively. Pollen grains which were collected in the morning (6.00hrs - 8.00 hrs.) showed best results. Stained pollen rate was higher and pollen was well-stained with Cotton blue test and pollen viability estimated with Cotton blue staining test was better than that TTC estimated with the staining test. The result revealed that the boron has a regulatory role in pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Guaiacum officinale L. which is necessary for the regeneration and conservation of this highly medicinal plant.

In the Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, premonsoon (March-June) was characterized by high air temperature, low percentage of relative humidity and occasional rain. The monsoon season (July –September) had high percentage of relative humidity and higher rainfall. On the other hand the postmonsoon season (October-February) was characterized by lower temperature and lesser precipitation. The pH of water of the sanctuary remained slightly acidic during monsoon season. Conductivity value was maximum during summer and minimum during winter months. BOD values have been recorded higher during premonsoon season. The minimum value of CO2 was observed during winter months. The increase in total alkalinity during summer months appeared to be due to the concentration of nutrients in water. Total suspended solid and total dissolved solid values were maximum in summer and minimum in winter. Premonsoon showed high chloride values when water level was low followed by monsoon and postmonsoon with high water levels. Nitrate value was higher during monsoon season and decreased in postmonsoon and premonsoon season. High amount of phosphate remained in the canals during summer months. The pH values of soil were recorded 6.0 and below 6.0. The nature of soil of the sanctuary seemed to be acidic. Percentage of organic carbon increased after premonsoon season in both the core and buffer region and this value became highest during postmonsoon season. High concentration of available nitrogen and available potash was observed in the core region as well as buffer region during postmonsoon than premonsoon season. Availlable phosphate content value was lower than the nitrogen and potash content of soil of the sanctuary. The physico-chemical characteristics of water expressed the poor water quality in the canals of the sanctuary. This characteristic showed maximum contamination of water due to faeces of birds. The soil of Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary is mostly acidic, loamy type and the nature of the soil is unique for differential deposition of faeces of birds.

Samples of unicellular microalgae were collected from different locations of Pune city of Maharashtra state, India (Latitude 18.5203° N, Longitude 73.8567° E). The microalgae isolate was selected based on its morphology and ease of cultivation at our test conditions. By further microscopic analysis this culture was identified as strain of Chlorella vulgaris. On carrying out media optimization using different media’s it was seen that Chlorella showed best growth in Modified Chu’s 10 medium. The isolated organism was further cultured and examined for morphological features, chlorophyll content, total carbohydrate content and total protein content. Biomass estimation at various stages of growth was done. Nile red staining for lipid determination indicated that lipid bodies are present in Chlorella vulgaris. Lipid estimation was done by single step method and it was seen that maximum lipid accumulation was obtained at 25th day of growth. Further it was seen that highest lipid accumulated at 8th concentration of nitrogen limitation. Biodiesel was extracted by direct trans esterification method. Cow dung can be used as a cheap source for large scale production of microalgae.

Pectin is the one of the major component of plant cellwall which maintains structural integrity of cellwall. They can be modified by pectinases such as pectin methylesterases (PMEs) which catalyses the demethylesterification of homogalacturonans releasing pectate and methanol, playing important roles in growth, development and seed germination. The activity of an enzyme PME affects the cell wall porosity and elasticity by allowing water uptake. The control PME activities by several proteinaceous inhibitors have a direct effect on the regulation of various processes in plant physiology. Recently it has been found that the catechin isolated from Green tea can inhibit the PME from citrus and tomato plants. In the previous work we have characterized the PME from A. thaliana & predicted its 3D structure by using bioinformatics tools. Now, the present study focuses to find out the novel inhibitor of PME by screening the various catechin analogue compounds from the ZINC database. The molecular docking studies of catechin analogue were carried out by using the Hex software against the PME of A. thaliana which give the detailed insight of interacting residue with the ligand and target complex in the Pymol software.

Chickpea is an important pulse crop of India which plays an important role in meeting the domestic and export demands. India, despite being the world’s largest producer of chickpea it imports a considerable amount to meet the domestic requirement. The present level of export is not consistent and exhibits high variations in volume and revenue earnings because of frequent ban on the export by the country. In this paper, the dynamics of changes have been measured in the export of chickpea from India to different export markets employing the Markov-chain model. The results have shown ‘other countries’ category as the stable destination for our Indian chickpea exports. The other traditional importing countries such as Algeria, Pakistan, UAE, Saudi Arab, Sri Lanka and Turkey indicated unstable export share to these markets. Projected export shares of Indian chickpea to major importing countries revealed that the export share of Indian chickpea is predicted to be highest (28.8%) to Pakistan.

Acne vulgaris - a skin disease of the face and chest causing pimples, papules and scarring in adolescent children; has been found to be concomitant with the commensal skin bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. The commonly used drugs for the treatment of acne have many detrimental side-effects. For centuries Curcuma longa and lauric acid have been used in herbal medicines for various ailments including acne. The current study aimed to deliver Curcuma longa through the skin by a lipid vehicle lauric acid to inhibit acne more effectively than Curcuma longa or lauric acid being used as a single drug. Curcuma longa extract was prepared from the dried rhizomes and lauric acid was separated from coconut oil. The lipid vehicle was prepared by Curcuma longa, lauric acid and isopropanol. The Organoleptic properties of the lipid vehicle were studied. The antimicrobial properties of Curcuma longa loaded lauric-acid vehicle, along with the individual extracts of Curcuma longa and lauric acid were studied against Propionibacterium acnes by microdilution broth method. Cell viability assay on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Dye Exclusion Method and the Cytotoxicity on HaCaT cell line by MTT assay were studied on the Curcuma longa loaded lauric-acid vehicle, as well as with the individual extracts of Curcuma longa and lauric acid.It was found in the study that the combination of Curcuma longa and lauric acid in a lipid form proved to be more beneficial than the individual extracts.

This communication deals with the description and illustrations of two undescribed species of Cercosporoid fungi viz. Cercospora pachyrhizicola, sp.nov. and Curvularia tremae sp.nov. growing on the living leaves of Pachyrhizus angulatus Rich., (Fam.Fabaceae) and Trema orientalis Blume (Fam.Ulmaceaee), collected from Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are a major cause of morbidity leading to serious long term complications. Profile of uropathogens and the pattern of their antimicrobialsusceptibility vary widely in different geographical regions. The present study was undertaken to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiogram of uropathogens isolated from catheterized and non-catheterized patients at a tertiary care centre. Urine samples were collected from patients with UTI attending a tertiary care hospital. The clean-catch technique of midstream urine was used for patients without catheterization while specimens of catheterized patients (> 48 hours) were collected from proximal part of catheter after aseptic precautions.Profile of bacterial isolates in both the catheterized (50) and non-catheterized (50) groups were almost similar. Commonest organism isolated was Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella spp. However, difference in the antibiogram was noted in isolates from both the groups. Our study shows that, E.coli was the most common uropathogen and profile of uropathogens was similar in catheterized and non-catheterized groups. However, difference in the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in either group emphasizes that different factors play role in determining antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogens isolated from catheterized v/s non catheterized patients. Also, unnecessary catheterization should be avoided and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in patients with UTI should be discouraged. Urine culture and sensitivity should guide the treatment of UTI in both catheterised and non-catheterised patients.

2, 6-dithiol-4-ethylphenol (DTEP) as a photometric reagent for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of Copper (II) is presented in this paper. The reagent DTEP in the presence hydrofobic amins gave instantaneous and stable blue colour with Copper (II) in the pH range 6.2 to 7.7. The Beer’s law was applicable in the range of 0.05 - 4.0 μg/ml at 534-540 nm. The Limit of Detection (LOD) is found to be 8.5-8.7ng/mL. The stoichiometry of the complex is established as 1:1:1 (M: L: Am) by equilibrium shift method. The standard deviation and the coefficient of variance are presented. The results of the prescribed procedure applied for the determination of the micro amounts of Cu (II) in pharmaceutical, food and in plant samples are presented.

The concept praposed here is on the real time automotive application of invigilating the performance of the induction motors which monitorthe torque and efficiency byemploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A strong embedded systemis deployed for getting electrical signals from the motor ina constructive manner, and then performing local processing fortorque and efficiency estimation. The values calculated by the embeddedsystem are transmitted to a monitoring unit through an RF-SMD based WSN. Various motors canbe monitored in real time, at the base unit. The relationship between theWSN performance andthe spectral occupancy has been calculated by performing expermental analysis at the operating environment. This thesis specifies that the use of intelligent nodes,with local processingcapability, is essential for the application of motors. A workbench is designed and the embedded system is deployed thereto analyze torque and system efficiency.

This study reports the analysis of the ambient air in Kurnool city, Andhra Pradesh State, India employing air quality index (AQI) simplified public information and data interpretation. The frequency of sampling is twice a week with 24 -hourly average concentrations of three major criteria pollutants, viz. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO) for the year 2015 (December) to 2016 (November) at four different selected locations in Kurnool city. They are KALLUR Estate (industrial), NANDYAL Check post Junction (City outskirts), RAJ VIHAR Junction (Commercial) and Old bus stand Fort area (Residential). It has been observed that due to various variations in meteorological parameters, concentrations of air pollutants exhibit typical diurnal, weekly and annual cycle’s changes. The AQIs were calculated using IND-AQI procedure. NO2 and SO2 are the primary causes of pollution at Location -1 and Location-2 which canbe attributed to industrial emissions It has been observed that the calculated AQIs values CO fall under “good” and “satisfactory” categories with varying percentages. At present the study shows that pollution is under “Moderately polluted” category. Suitable measures are suggested to improve the situation and prevent further deterioration of the atmospheric conditions.

The effectiveness of an E-commerce website is vital to E-business success. Therefore, it is important to accurately evaluate the performance of E-commerce websites. Many website evaluation methods have been proposed and used. However, though these tools have covered remarkably broad factors, social media as well asregional and service-relatedfactors are usually not taken into consideration. In this paper, a new model is proposed, integratingsocial media (i.e., Twitter data), website rank, website functionality, regional and service-related data in order to quantitatively evaluate the performance of E-commerce sites. By adopting those new factors, we try to provide a new model to better assess the compounding effect of website performance. The proposed model is applied to54 selected E-commerce websites in Saudi Arabia, and the evaluation results show the benefit of the new model. The proposed model can be used to improve the site performance and help decision makers to better understand their business.

Over the past few decades, mobile and wireless communications as well as Internet have been the most profound and important technologies in information technology that are rapidly growing and continuously changing human life. Despite the tremendous potentials of wireless networks, several significant research challenges remain to be addressed before widespread deployment of wireless networks, including isolation, control signaling, resource discovery and allocation, mobility management, network management and operation, and security as well as non-technical issues such as governance regulations, etc. In recent years, the demands of mobile data keep thriving, meanwhile, the smart phone and mobile applications become increasingly powerful and varied. These lead to a sporadic opportunity to combine both mobile communications and Internet, i.e. mobile Internet. In this paper, we present a critical review of New Developments and Research Challenges for 5G Wireless Systems and Networks. The paper includes discussions on technology development approach toward 5G, some supporting technologies, technology components and then research challenges in 5G wireless systems.

Microwave curing (MC) is a method that can accelerate hydration of cement, which results in rapid strength increase of mortars. This study investigates effect of microwaving curing on the strength of mortar the effect of MC (460 W,5, 10, 15, 30 mins) and the effect of MC (700 W, 5, 10, 15, 30 mins). MC can be used to determine the hydration degree of the mortars and rapid strength increase of mortars. Additionally, Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Geometric, Wang and Singh drying models were compared with each other to determine the moisture content at a given moment in the dryer. The performances of these models are compared according to the correlation coefficient (r), the estimated standard error (es) and the sum of the squares of the residuals ( ) between the observed and predicted humidity ratios. According to the results obtained, for all drying conditions the drying behaviors of the products are explained better by Page Model as compared others.

Land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) is a key driver of global environmental change and has important implications for many national and international policy issues (Nunes and Auge 1999; Lambin 2001). Rani-Garbhanga Reserve Forest is located in Kamrup East Division of Assam. It has witnessed significant decline in forest cover. The growing population pressure on the forests for timber, fuelwood, fodder and other forest products, poor management on the part of the forest department, smuggling of trees are some of the major factors for accelerating the degradation process. The result of the study shows that land use changes in the study area are primarily responsible for the decrease of forest area and wild habitats in and around the reserve. This study addresses relevant issues on land use and land cover changes and its causes related to degradation of forest cover.

Value chain analysis (VCA) of implementation is sequential event of business activities, we justification sicle of research and development, design of production process or not, productions or not, marketing, distribution, and customer services. Based on literature reviews conclude the relationship between VCA of implementation and management accounting systems, budget tightness and perceived environmental uncertainty. Because that is CEO need any information’s to support day to day decision making and business activity. The research method using the explanatory research. The population of research in Indonesia business with research sample are 85 State-Owned Enterprise’s. The type of data in this research is primary data and data collections with a questionnaire design were represent by a manager or director as the unit of observation. Validity and reliability data were tested before examining the hypotheses. The hypotheses testing were used binary logistic regression model. Based on hypotheses testing indicate that 59 unit samples were conducted of VCA implementations in business activities with of the predicted percentage correct of 93,70% and 13 unit samples fail to conduct of VCA, the percentage correct of 84,70%. And the management accounting systems, budget tightness and perceived environmental uncertainty indicate positively effect on VCA implementations. Further analysis show that, state-owned enterprise in Indonesia’s indicate that the higher weight average of firm performance were conducted of VCA implementations because run of business will be support by sophisticated concept of management accounting systems, budget emphasis and prudent action in change of environmental uncertainty, and another word the lower of firm performance fail to conduct of VCA day to day in business activities. Never the less, budget tightness to be anticipations of environmental uncertainty, sometime cause to VCA conducted less effectiveness. That is effect by the systems and operating procedure of administration requirement.

Academic staff is an essential and the most important component in the process of achieving the mission and vision of an educational institute. Because academic staff members are the first line of contact with students and requires complex work in an increasingly demanding environment (Fang-Mei Tai, 2014). At present satisfied academic staffs form the sources of competitive advantage. To meet the required standards of education sector the academic staff members need a working environment that allows them to work freely without problems that may restrain them from performing up to the level of their full potential. This study has made an attempt to identify the job satisfaction among the academic staff members in state universities in Sri Lanka. This study is based on both primary and secondary data. A cross-sectional survey among university teachers was conducted from May 2016 to July 2016 in Sri Lanka. For this study, ten universities were selected out of 16 state universities and 30% of the full-time academic members were randomly sampled from each university selected. Anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 880 academic staff members after obtaining their written consent. Out of this a total of 720 effective responses were obtained (effective response rate: 78.5%). The study procedures were in accordance with ethical standards. A questionnaire was developed with variables in two dimensions to analyze job satisfaction i.e.12 intrinsic job satisfaction items and six extrinsic job satisfaction, with each item being rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (strongly dissatisfied) to 5 (strongly satisfied).The distributions of job satisfaction in categorical variables were examined by the Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA. Pearson Correlations method was used to measure the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with job satisfaction. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 (two-tailed).The field survey revealed that Sri Lankan university academics have an average level of satisfaction (the average score of job satisfaction was, SD = 59.5). Over-commitment was found to have a negative association with job satisfaction. Perceived Organizational Support was found to be associated with overall job satisfaction among Sri Lankan university academic staff members. Specially, academic staff members expect a high level of organizational support and it tends to feel confident and hopeful about their desired job goals and are able to have both the motivation and plans to achieve their goals. Psychological Capital was also found to be positively associated with job satisfaction. As a recommendation it is suggested that measures such as establishing flexible work schedules for academic members, introducing rewarding methods on the basis of their academic and administrative contribution, provide more funds for scientific research and higher education, increasing opportunities for career advancement and encouraging them for administrative involvement of department/faculty in decision-making might increase academic members’ job satisfaction. Furthermore, improving Psychological Capital might be more effective for enhancing the overall job satisfaction.

From past to the present, lessons learned from structural behaviour of buildings during destructive earthquakes have been used to advance construction techniques, and more recently, such lessons have fostered the development of methods and techniques to have more engineering interventions and preservation disciplines on historically or culturally important structures. Generally, post-earthquake damage assessments will offer an opportunity to understand why historic buildings fail, and will provide information that can serve as the basis for their seismic improvement. The tragedy of December 26, 2003 Bam earthquake, and what happened over the Bam Citadel, as a result, entails the need to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of historic adobe structures. Therefore, documentation of the actual damages resulting from strong ground motions are essential to understand how historic adobe buildings perform, or in fact behave at the time of earthquakes. In this case, survey about structural behavior of this vulnerable type of construction material, analyzing its seismic weakness, which may help in preventing social, cultural and economic losses against a subsequent earthquake that may happen in the near future. Therefore, in this paper to have better insight about the possible seismic damages on historic adobe-mud brick structures, the damages on seismically destructed Citadel of Bam are analyzed in details, the possible damages that the consciousness of their occurrence can result in better anti-seismic intervention on historic adobe structures.

The study sought to establish the influence of trainee teacher perceived competence about computer on integration of computer technology into future teaching practices. It was carried out in five public TTCs in the Rift Valley Province. This study employed correlation research design. The research population for the study was all teacher trainees in pubic teacher training colleges in Rift Valley. The colleges had a total population of 5,075 student teachers. Using a table of random numbers, the researcher then selected proportional sample from each stratum in every TTC to ensure that there was uniform representation of the different groups. The total sample from the five TTCs was 357 trainee teachers. The primary data was collected using a questionnaire. The study established that trainee teachers' perceived competence about computer had no statistically significant influence on integration of computer technology.

There is hot wave in India to adopt digital transaction for all economic activities in India 97% economic activity is in pure CASH The Government’s step to cancel 86% of high value notes in 500 & 1000 on November 8 2016 has disturbed the rural economy where the banks have rare presence. Six lakh plus villages have yet to see the new notes. India witnessed in the last two months of 2016 rural economy in shambles. Government‘s intension to adopt digital was to withdraw high value notes and adopt cashless work.

In Georgia there are many sources, whether natural or anthropogenic, which causes environmental pollution by arsenic compounds. Arsenic sulfide ore mining, processing and production of arsenic-containing drugs was carried out for decades (Racha-Lechkhumi and lower Svaneti). In the Article is presented studies of eco-chemical conditions for soils contaminated areas with arsenic industrial wastes (in the village Uravi - Ambrolauri Municipality, village Tsana - Lentekhi Municipality) and surface water (River Tskhenistskali and Lukhuni) 2014-2016years. The sampling of the soil and water, conservation, labeling, storage and transportation were produced in the accordance with the International Standard Organization (ISO) standard methodology. The study was conducted in laboratory by the ISO standards and USEPA methods in soil samples arsenic will be determined by plasma–emission spectrometer. The survey results shows that the arsenic maximum content in 2014 were observed in the vicinity of Uravi white arsenic treatment plant, where the arsenic maximum concentration was 61814.9 mg/kg and in the settling of the surrounding area - 36373.7 mg/kg; According to the 2015 data a high value was observed only in the samples from the 3rd site and settling in the village Tsana. The results were the following 59025.0 mg/kg and 55795.0 mg/kg. Ecologically most polluted rivers are: Tskhenistskali and Lukhuni. River Tskhenistskali (upper Tsana) arsenic concentracion in 2014 exeded the MPC. While in 2016 the concentrations were in the norms and in most cases it has been a declining trend. In 2014-2016 years the project "Arsenic Containing Mining Waste Management in Georgia", was ongoing between the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia and the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. The project was carried out in bilateral financing, which aims first urgent works to be carried out near the territory of the former arsenic hazardous plants, resulting in decreased concentrations of arsenic in the study areas.

In the present review, we accumulated the information on cancer, the second largest killer disease (the first being coronary heart disease) in the developed countries, and its prevalence in different regions of the world. Cancer is characterized by loss of control of cellular growth and development leads to excessive proliferation and spread of cells. This review mostly focused on the colorectal cancer, one of the most familiar cancers and cause of cancer death in developed countries. In India it has 6.3% out of an all 28 cancer reported. This review also revealed strongly the role of APC gene for the wide dispersal of colorectal cancer. APC gene is the most important gatekeeper of colonic epithelial cell proliferation and is responsible for controlling the onco protein called β-catenin. Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in 10−20% of colorectal cancers (CRC), and has been attributed to both MLH1 promoter hyper methylation and germ-line mutation in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It may support and paved the way for the therapeutic targets.

Mayer- Rokitansky- Kuster- Hauser syndrome is characterized by vaginal atresia and a spectrum of uterine anomalies, including absence, hypoplasia, and duplication. Patients have a normal female karyotype, external genitalia, secondary sexual development and normal ovaries. Renal anomalies, usually agenesis and rarely ectopia or hydronephrosis, occur in about 40% of patients. Skeletal abnormality co exists in about 10% of patients. Patients with arrested development of mullerian ducts most commonly present with primary amenorrhoea.

Introduction: There are a lot of misconceptions and cultural taboos relating to breastfeeding practices .Cultural practices are related to food avoidance, restricted diet during pregnancy and after childbirth. Some of these problems can be overcome if the woman is informed antenatally about the benefits of breast-feeding and other important things .Cultural factors and household food security situation have been identified as underlying factors that influence the nutritional status. The aim of this study was to find out the socio-cultural beliefs among females during their pregnancy in rural areas of Aligarh. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted during May –July in 2015 in the rural areas of registered villages of Rural Health Training Centre of the Department of Community Medicine, Aligarh. The study population comprised of mothers who had just delivered a baby. Informed consent was taken from each participant. A total of 70 mothers were selected for the study. Questionnaires were prepared for the study. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: More than half of females under study took no special care during pregnancy of their breasts. Some of them clean their breasts with soap and water everyday while bathing. About 60 % of females were given milk with ghee to facilitate easy delivery. Extra pulses or eggs or meat were given in 30% of females during pregnancy. In 10% of females no extra food was given as it increases the weight of the baby. More than half of females were told to do the household work like sweeping and swapping the floor.4.2% of the females under study told that they were asked not to sleep in the afternoon as it will increase the size of the baby.7.2% of females told that they were asked not to walk for a long distance as it causes premature delivery. Sexual intercourse was avoided during the first 3 months in 61.4% of females and during first one month only in 22.8% of them. In 8.5% of females under study, it was avoided till delivery and there was no restriction on it in 7.1% of females. Conclusion: Usually the socio- cultural practices are imposed by elderly females in the family. So they should be given proper information and education regarding pregnancy. Misconceptions should be removed. Exclusive breast feeding should be done till 6 months. Healthy practices should be promoted.

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of different intracanalmedicaments on chemical structure and microhardness of dentin. Materials and Methods: Twenty Four human dentin discs were obtained from intact third molars and randomly assigned into three treatment groups. The threetreatment groups were irrigated with NaOCl, treated for four weeks with either 1 g/mL triple antibiotic paste (TAP), 1 g/mL - modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), or calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and finally irrigated with EDTA. Aftertreatment, one half of each dentin disc was subjected to Vickers microhardness (n = 10per group) and the other half was used to evaluate the chemical structure (phosphate/amide I ratio) of treated dentin utilizing attenuated total reflection Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy (n = 4 per group). One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's leastsignificant difference were used for statistical analyses. Results: Dentin discs treatedwith different intracanal medicaments showedsignificant reduction in microhardness (p < 0.0001) and phosphate/amide I ratio (p< 0.05). Furthermore, dentin discs treatedwith TAP had significantly lower microhardness (p < 0.0001) and phosphate/amideI ratio (p < 0.0001) compared to all other groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the use of TAP in ER caused significantly higher dentin demineralization and reduction in dentin microhardness compared to MTAP or Ca(OH)2.The use of MTAP or Ca(OH)2 rather than TAP as intracanalmedicaments during ER may minimize the reduction in dentin microhardness and the change in chemical structure of superficial dentin.

In view of importance of herbal drug standardisation, it was contemplated to carry out the heavy metal determination in papaya fruits which were procured from gandi maisamma fruit market, Hyderabad, Telangana. The extract were subjected to general phytochemical screening and estimated for metals like copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, sodium and zinc in the hydro alcoholic extracts by using ICPOES. It’s an alarming bell for human kind if the heavy metal content is more than permitted level cause lethal effects.

Multidrug resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections and is on the rise. The glycopeptides vancomycin has been proposed as the drug of choice for treating such infections. The present study aimed at identifying the methicillin and vancomycin resistance staphylococcus aureus from tertiary care hospitals in Vidarbha region, (M/S) India. This study presents the report of methicillin and vancomycin heteroresistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolate from clinical samples. The original isolate was resistant in vitro to methicillin and fewer to vancomycin. Resistance confirmed for all isolates with E-tests using strips of methicillin MIC of >265 mcg/ml and vancomycin MIC of >256 mcg/ml. MRSA were isolated and identified from different clinical samples using conventional methods. Antibiogram of the isolates and MIC were determined following CLSI guidelines. All Multi Drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were MRSA. Only four Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were found, out of the all MRSA isolates. All MRSA had a Methicillin MIC > 265 mcg/ ml except one showing 5.0 mcg/ml that of three VRSA had a Vancomycin MIC > 265 mcg/ ml and one shows MIC 24 mcg/ml.

Objective: To analyze the antibacterial activity of crude extract of Garlic (Allium Sativum) ex vivo as a mouth rinse and compare their efficacy with chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12%. Materials and Methods: A solution made with white clone of garlic was used as a mouth rinse and compared with conventional chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Three groups were assigned, each having 10 patients, where, Group A consisted of patients who used saline as mouth rinse, Group B consisted patients who used chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% mouth rinse and Group C consisted patients who used crude extract of garlic mouthrinse. Pre and post saliva samples were collected. Pre and post mouth rinse saliva samples were collected from 30 patients. The samples were then cultured and the total bacterial count was calculated. The antibacterial effect of garlic was then compared with the antibacterial effect of Chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Results: The microbial colonies of all the three groups showed a confluent growth. In this study we found that there is significant reduction of Coagulase negative staphylococci by Garlic in saliva sample. Conclusion: There was a partial benefit with the crude extract of garlic. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% showed a better disinfection property than the crude extract of garlic.

AIM & OBJECTIVE: To assess the awareness amongst the general public of chennai on oral submucosal fibrosis. MATERIALS & METHOD: A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions on the topic, oral submucous fibrosis,was constructed and circulated amongst the general public of Chennai. The data retrieved from the survey was processed using Microsoft Excel. BACKGROUND: People are not aware of potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and hence don't take adequate measures to prevent it from occurring. It is important to assess and understand the level of knowledge of the participants and create the awareness so that there is an initiative taken to reduce the likeliness of occurring. REASON FOR THE PROJECT: Oral submucosal fibrosis is a chronic, progressive disease that is becoming more predominant in South India due to the habits of the people. One of the main causes is excessive chewing of betel quid and Areca nuts. Oral submucosal fibrosis is also a disease which could progress into a malignancy of the oral cavity if left untreated for a period of time, or if there is continuous chewing of betel quid or areca nut combined with the effects of smoking and drinking. RESULT: The awareness of the public of Chennai on oral submucosal fibrosis is studied.

The management of biomedical waste is very crucial for prevention of infection as it can bring risk and hazard for people and environment. Health care unit especially dental and medical professionals can bring harm to their patients for every seconds if the waste is not managed properly as they are the ones whom being exposed to patients. Good level of awareness and adequate knowledge will help to minimize the risk transition of infection. Hence, this survey is conducted to assess the students' knowledge and attitude towards biomedical waste management. In regards, proper intervention and continuous education will be needed to increase their level of understanding.

Oral malignancy is the major health problem worldwide. Sixteen million new cases of cancers are estimated by 2020. Inspite of various advancement in treatment modalities including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the survival rate has not been increased. Chemopreventive agents are essential micronutrients whose role is extensively known in physiological and also in pathological state associated with malignancy. This paper highlights the mechanism of action how chemopreventive agents suppress the carcinogenesis and also related to the clinical trials.

Sixty-six traditional cotton accessions (Gossypium spp), collected in Benin, and were characterized by a set of 31 agromorphological traits established by UPOV and IPGRI. The evaluation was carried out during the 2011-2012 rainy season through a randomized complete block design at Cana CPE. Statistical analysis showed very highly significant differences between accessions for the 15 qualitative characteristics observed. The accessions Q111, Q122, Q95, Q93, Q135, Q92, Q71 and Q90 have characteristics of higher qualities. Analysis of the Pearson correlation matrix showed strong positive and negative correlations. The first two axes of the PCA absorb 73% of the total variability of the quantitative characters (54% for the vegetative development and 19% for the precocity). The first two factors of the CFL of qualitative traits account for 82% of inertia (70% for petal color, macula, pollen color and leaf shape, 12% for hairiness in lower part of The leaf, the denticulation of the bracts, the size of the capsules and the shape of the plant). The ascending hierarchical classification based on the Euclidean distance divided the accessions into six distinct groups comprising respectively 2, 14, 8, 11, 2 and 29 accessions. The results of this study provide information that can be used for the conservation and rational use of biodiversity for the improvement of commercial varieties.

In recent years, nanotechnology has been explosion. Nano-structured materials are attracting a great deal of attention because of their potential for achieving specific processes and selectivity, especially in biological and pharmaceutical applications. Nanotechnology has become one of the most practical technologies, because of unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials. Our studies discuss recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, toxicity and antibacterial effect of TiO2 nanoparticles obtained mainly through biogenic processes. The importance of biogenic synthesized nanoparticles has been increasing in recent years; however, more studies aimed at better characterizing the potent toxicity of these nanoparticles are still necessary for nanosafely considerations and environmental perspectives. A wide array of inorganic nanoparticles has been synthesized by using biogenic enzymatic methods and their applications in many cutting-edge technological areas have been explored. In the present work, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using the culture supernatant of Lactobacillus sp. that was obtained from yoghurt. Lactobacilli have a negative electro kinetic potential, which is suitable for the attraction of cations, a step that is required for the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Ultrafine size and morphological properties of synthesized nanoparticles was determined by TEM, SEM and X- ray diffraction where the size of Nanoparticles were 5-20nm, found morphologically as aggregate form. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed against Escherichia coli. Thus the biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles can be explored in biomedical and nanotechnology applications without any adverse side effects.

This paper is investigated a common fixed point theorem in a metric space which generalizes the result of Jha (2007), using the weaker conditions such as Weakly compatible mappings and establish a unique common fixed point theorem for four self-mappings satisfying Lipschitz type contractive condition.

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding [GTAW] of aluminum requires high skill due to high thermal conductivity. In this research, pulsed mode welding is carried out to find out the best possible parameters for obtaining high tensile strength and maximum weld quality. Here AA5083 is considered for it large area of applications. It is welded with AA 5183 filler wire by pulsed mode at different pulse frequencies like 5 pulses/sec, 10 pulses/sec, and 15 pulses/sec, this report investigates the weld quality through nondestructive testing (NDT) to study the porosity and surface cracks and also the mechanical properties like, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation. To find the weld joint efficiency of the welds and hardness test have been critically analyzed and the properties were summarized correlating with microstructure.

This paper proposes a Harmonic Reduction with Transformer Connected Multilevel Inverter arrangement employing a series connected transformer to suppress 7th, 11th &13th order harmonics (generated by non-linear loads).In the proposed scheme sinusoidal PWM signal generation technique is used for three phase multilevel VSI in conjunction with series connected transformer .The proposed model eliminates the need of output filter inductor. With this control strategy harmonic components of output voltage and switching losses can be minimized considerably. A simulation result verifies the proposed concept and indicates that the transformer is capable of reducing the harmonics in the line. In multilevel inverter development for 3-phase applications, total number of transformer in the circuit can be reduced by using of cascaded 3-phase transformer circuit instead of single-phase transformer circuit. In the scheme, total number of switching components in the circuit is still a drawback to achieve lower cost and smaller size of the inverter compared with conventional multilevel inverter. This paper includes a challenging method to reduce total switching components in the multilevel inverter by adopting common-arm structure.

This paper deals about the Power Factor Correction (PFC) in Brushless motor drives by comparing various DC-DC converter. Power factor corrected converter is essential to improve the Power quality (PQ). Speed control is done by Voltage Source inverter (VSI). In order to reduce conduction loss and number of components, diode bridge rectifier is eliminated. It is used to operate in DICM mode. The Brushless DC motor is fed by bridge rectifier with a elevated rate of DC-link capacitor. It consequences in extremely pulled supply current and a poor power factor. To achieve power factor near to unity is used to new bidirectional bridgeless isolated CUK converter. When compared to conventional Converters Circuit efficiency is further improved.

This paper presents the interrelatedness between poverty and disability in Kenya. Poverty causes disability through malnutrition, poor health care and poor living conditions. This leads to secondary disabilities for people who are already disabled. Disabled people in Kenya are among the poorest due to stigmatization and discrimination as they cannot fully participate in the economic and social life of the community. This paper reviews the legal framework on disability in Kenya by focusing on the Kenyan constitution and the Disability act of 2003 in order to assess their impact in improving the lives of the disabled people in Kenya. Section one defines and gives a background of disability in Kenya. Section two presents a review of legal documents on disability in Kenyan and an assessment of their implementation. Section three discusses education for the disabled persons in Kenya. Section four discusses transition and employment for people with disabilities and section five forms the conclusion.

One of the major factors influencing educational product is parental behavior. Infact, parental influence on the child’s personality remains throughout life, the most pervasive of all influence. The study was conducted with the 200 students of Senior Secondary class (male and female) from Navodaya Vidyalaya selected randomly from two Districts. Standardize Tool was used for data collection. Findings of the study predicted that parental involvement and academic achievement for the whole sample was positively correlated. There exists significant difference in academic achievement of boys and girls having high parental involvement. There was no statistically significant difference in academic achievement of boys and girls having low parental involvement. There was no statistically significant difference in academic achievement of arts and science group students having high parental involvement. There was no statistically significant difference in academic achievement of arts and science group students having low parental involvement.

In the present study, the chemical characteristics of groundwater with respect to drinking and irrigation water quality in Arasalaru Sub-Basin have been studied. 50 groundwater sample were collected and analyzed for pH, Total Dissolved solids, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Sulphate etc. The values analyzed were evaluated in detail and compared with WHO water quality standards. It is observed that, for most of the groundwater quality parameters, the values are not potable for drinking and irrigational use. To understand the spatial distribution of unsuitable zones, ArcGIS was employed. Attributes were linked and spatial interpolation mapping was done. Inverse distance weighted interpolation technique was followed for raster and vector mapping. Finally the overlay analyses were also carried out to locate the worst quality zone.