November 2022

The development of Chinese animation in recent years has always been characterised by a lack of speed and quality. New works are forever shrouded under a glorious history of struggle. However, it would be unfair to criticise animation in recent years without understanding the art of animation and the difference between art films and commercial films. This article takes Monkey King: Hero is Back as the subject of study, and on the basis of an analysis of the film's strides in the various components of the animation process from the perspective of commercial animation, explores the achievements and shortcomings of Chinese animation by comparing the differences between commercial and artistic animation. Chinese animation has gone through the trials and tribulations of history and will rise in the future. The accumulation of technical concepts and the strength of the momentum will play an important role.

Introduction: The bond strength of root canal sealer is the amount of force required to break the connection between a bonded sealer and the root dentin surface. Now a day’s synthetic irrigants are only used as root canal irrigants but they cause harm to root-dentin surrounding soft tissue and adjacent bone. To reduce these factors ayurvedic medicine takes part in innovation. Though the perception is incorrect, on balance herbal medicines are still much safer than synthetic drugs. Aim: To compare the Push-out bond strength of different endodontic sealers using ayurvedic intracanal irrigants. Methodology: Sixty single-rooted permanent upper anterior teeth were selected. All teeth were decoronated at the level of CEJ. Root length was specified at 15mm. All teeth were prepared with universal Protaper until F3 according to manufacturer instruction. All samples were randomly divided according to the different irrigants and sealers used. Group I: Kutkrumin + Perma evolution; Group II: Kutkrumin + Apexit plus; Group III: Chlorhexidine 2% + Perma evolution; Group IV: Chlorhexidine 2% + Apexit plus; Group V: Sodium hypo chloride 5.25% + Perma evolution; Group VI: Sodium hypo chloride 5.25% + Apexit plus. All samples were finally irrigated with normal saline. Then sealers were applied using lentulospiral. Samples were sectioned into 2 mm disc thickness. By using a universal testing machine push-out bond strength was performed. Results and Statistical Analysis: According to one-way ANOVA with a level of confidence of 95%, Kutkrumin and Chlorhexidine with Perma evolution as a sealer showed the highest bond strength values (p <0.005) when compared with other groups whereas, chlorhexidine with apexit plus sealer had the most minor bond strength among other groups. Kutkrumin and sodium hypochlorite with apexit plus sealer showed equivalent bond strength this was presented by intergroup analysis post hoc Tukey test. Adhesive failures were predominant in all groups. Conclusion: Kutkrumin with Perma evolution as a resin-based sealer showed better outcomes when compared with chemical irrigants like sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

Indian parliamentary democracy is a system of democratic governance in India where the Head of the state appoints the leader of the political party holding a plurality of seats in parliament as Prime Minister and he then forms the union council of ministers. This is purely a representative form of democracy and it has been adopted in India by the Constituent Assembly in 1950. This present paper seeks to analyze the economic costs of parliamentary democracy in India. While we are going to analyze economic costs of any form of governance we should first concentrate on the mode of production allowed in the state and subsequently concentrate on the procedure by which this mode of production is being reshaped in the state. Mode of production refers to the forces of production and their interrelationship. Major criticisms labeled against democracy are: (i) There exists no free choice of leadership due to party system involved in democracy (ii) There exists party politics and power struggle among parties(iii) Decision making takes time and (iv) Democracy is regarded as governance of illiterates. Apart from those theoretical criticisms labeled against democracy more strikingly we note that in a representative form of democracy there does not exist any justified desired correspondence between elected representative and his/her electors. Instead we find power monger politicians to appear before election and change of representative through exercise of our voting rights, if we really can, does not yield any fruitful result. Another striking feature of Indian democracy is that people are considered to be little aware of their own benefits and the proponents of representative democracy or so called politicians are the right persons to feel and understand what beneficial for the common people is. Surprisingly they claim to be knowledgeable enough to understand the benefits of their electors and their electors are illiterate enough to fail to understand their benefits. Last but not the least is the administrative costs involved in representative form of democracy in terms of cost of election and allowances paid to representatives. However, this present paper seeks to consider such entire burden of democracy that we do inherit from generation to generation and tries to find out a solution

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled, uncoordinated purposeless proliferation of cell that invades the surrounding tissues and to cause metastatic lesions at different body places mainly through blood and lymph vessels. Extensive resources carried out during last century on the control of cancers include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and various kinds of traditional natural and local therapies. Most of these therapies are not so successful because of the fact of rapid multiplication of cancer cells weekly in the host, depressed immunity and imbalance in the body fluids and hormones. Surgery is a good choice of removing the cancer nodule confined to a particular place and at initial stage, this is successful. However, if the metastasis occurred causing same kind of cancer at different body places, then in spite of surgery, the prognosis is very poor because removal of cancer form one site is not sufficient enough as there are many other remaining malignant cells in the body. Similarly, the radio therapy causes alteration in the genetic makeup of the cancer cell directed towards the destruction of rapidly multiplying cells may lead to either recovery or aggravation of the cancer. Almost everyone who receives cancer treatment experiences side effects, which vary according to the treatment and the area of the body undergoing treatment. Chemotherapeutic agents, sometimes called cytotoxic agents because they kill cells, produce toxic side effects on rapidly dividing host tissues such as bone marrow and intestinal mucosa. Some normal cells, including blood cells, hair, and cells lining the gastrointestinal tract are also rapidly dividing, and are most likely to be damaged. Cow urine enhances the immunocompetence and improves general health of an individual. It has vital potential to enhance the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes (both T and B cells), and has been reported to increase the humoral and cellular mediated immunity. Increased immunocompetence of an individual is a very essential parameter to prevent the development of cancers by several mechanisms, of which the upregulation of lymphocyte proliferation and stimulation activity, increased macrophage activity, higher antibody production and increased synthesis and secretion of cytokines (IL-1, Il-2) plays significant role by enhancing the recognition of tumor cells by the immune cells of the body and cytotoxic activities of the tumor killing cells, the lymphocytes. It is an efficient anti-aging factor, since prevents the free radical formation, which could help preventing cancers as the incidences of cancer increases as the one progresses towards old age. Cow urine efficiently repairs the damaged DNA, thus can be very effective for the cancer prevention and therapy, and can also reduce the spread of malignant cancers and help fighting tumors. During the past few years, cow urine therapy has provided promising and authentic results for the treatment of cancer, a deadly malady which is being faced by the mankind and the incidences of which are ever increasing in the current scenario of changed lifestyle and food habits along with exposure to predisposing factors of carcinogens such as tobacco chewing, smoking, alcohol intake, environmental pollutants, occupational health hazards etc. Anti-cancer potential of cow urine therapy has been reflected by several case reports, success stories and practical feedback of patients for the treatment of cancer.

In this study, toxicological analysis of heads and headless parts of fish the Hydrocarbon Aromatic Polycyclic (PAH) such as pyrene and Benzo (a) pyrene (0.058 and 0.067 µg/kg), Benz (g, h, i) pyrilene, Benzo (a) anthracene. Other compounds such as fluoranthenes and indeno pyrilene have also been detected. The results show the pesticide presence of desethylatrazine (0.021-0.033 µg/g), fenuron (0.023 - 0.042 µg/g), metoxuron (0.622 - 0.623 µg/g), monuron (0.030 - 0.037 µg/g), methabenzthiazuron (0.023 - 0.024 µg /g), simazine (0.089 - 0.090 µg/g), isoproturon (0.062- 0.069 µg/g), cyanazine (0.022- 0.200 µg/g), metamitron (0.042 - 0.042 µg/g) (0.023± 0.0 mg/kg) ofmackerel followed by headless tuna (0.011 mg/kg). The lowest levels are found in the head and headless part of tilapia, as well as in the heads of the jawfish. The heavy metals such as lead and mercury were also detected at low concentrations in the headless parts and heads.

In recent years, women's position has become increasingly dependent on the theme of women empowerment. The analysis of objectives is to compare the SHGs social impact to that of the Self-Help Group for women, to examine how the SHGs social section has changed, to determine how the SHGs influence on people social standing has changed and to distinguish people attitudes toward the SHGs and their social impact. The investigation stands alone with the final aim of utilizing only crucial facts. The necessary data was gathered from the number of respondents near about is 300. Information was gathered from Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal for the respondent survey. The expert had employed stratified random testing. Through SPSS, discriminate analysis is used to examine the data that had been collected. The aim focus of study is on SHGs' social empowerment initiatives and the empowerment of women in Paschim Medinipur of West Bengal.

Objective: This particular research emphasis on the formulation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of analgesic activity of herbal spagyric essence (Electrohomeopathic medicine) White Electricity (WE) in Wistar rats. No scientific report has been available until date of WE. Therefore the current analysis focuses to prove scientific study of herbal spagiryc essence of WE. Materials and Methods: The Electrohomeopathic medicine WE is formulated by extracting and blending of spagiryc essence of specified herbal plants. The phytochemical characterization is done with help of qualitative chemical tests. The acute toxicity study is done with referring OECD toxicity guideline 420. The Analgesic activity of Electrohomeopathic medicine WE was carried out by the Acetic acid writhing reflex method, Tail immersion method and Hot plate method with using albino rats of either sex. The percentage protection against abdominal writhing and the pain reaction time were used to assess the degree of analgesia which has been measured and compared to control groups. Results: It was found that the Electrohomeopathic medicine WE is safe and non toxic. The acute toxicity study confirms the safety of drugs. It exhibited an excellent analgesic activity. The phytochemical investigation confirms the presence of phytoconstituents which justify the above pharmacological activity of WE.A decreasing the percentage abdominal writhing and increased the pain reaction time period when compared to control groups confirmed the potent activity of WE. Conclusion: This research indicates that electrohomeopathic medicine WE are relatively safe and effective in reducing pains in different animal models. Thus WE possess significant analgesic properties.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women in many less developed countries as well as among Indian women[1].Cervical cancer is the third common cancer in the world in female and fourth leading cancer for death in women. This study was done to evaluate age incidence,age and clinical presentation and clinical presentation and cytological patterns. Methods and materials: This is a Prospective study was conducted by department of pathology, in a rural teaching hospital, Chidambaram. Cervical smears of 476 female patients of reproductive age women attending gynaecology outpatient clinics was enrolled in this study. Smears were from squamo-columnar junction and transferred to department of pathology in coplin jar with 95% ethyl alcohol. Result: Out of 476 cases, , a high incidence of 212 cases (44.5%) was observed in (31-40 years) followed by 149 cases(31.3%) in age group of (41-50 years ), Leucorrhea was the most common clinical presentation among 20-30 years with 56% of incidence. Menorrhagia was the second most common symptom with 141 cases(29.6%) Intermenstrual bleeding was most commonly seen in 31-40 years). In inflammation, Leucorrhea (33.6%) is the most common clinical presentation followed by menorrhagia (31.6%) and Amenorrhea. Mass desending per vaginum (0.56%) being the least. In patients reported with ASCUS ,post menopausal bleeding(55%) was the commonest complaint. A high incidence of inflammation was observed in 31-40 years (46.5%) followed by women in 41-50 years (28.5%). Conclusion: This study emphasise more number of individuals to be included in screening. Early diagnosis of pre malignant lesions by Pap smear study result in timely therapeutic intervention leading to decrease in number of cases progressing to frank malignancy. Programme to increase the awareness among the women regarding the benefits of Pap screening will go long way in reducing the cancer burdern in the community.

Dung beetle feeds on the faecal matter they use the faecal matter for the various purposes like feeding, reproduction, breeding. This divine creature have great social as well as economic importance for us such as nutrient cycling, soil aeration and reduction of carbon dioxide and methane emissions, control of parasites and secondary seed dispersal. They are also important in food webs not only as decomposers but also as prey for birds, bats and other insectivorous animals. But today even after being nature’s friend thereis lack of awareness and information in people about these beetles. Their population is declining day by day by the human activities such as use of harsh pesticides, insecticides, antibiotics used on crops and cattle for maintaining their population and yield. Even today no proper conservation measures are in force for the conservation of this divine creature and we are losing the natural cleanup crew. Strategies and policies for the conservation should come into implementation in order to conserve this super divine but yet so neglected creature.

An unmet need for family planning refers to women capable of reproducing who are not using contraception, but wish to postpone their next birth for 2 or more years or to stop childbearing all together. In Africa, especially in resource limited setting, pregnancies are unplanned and spacing between pregnancies is poor, which is associated with an increased risk of infant mortality, childhood malnutrition, and complications during pregnancy. The objective of this write up is to expose the determinants of family planning and adaptable measures to increase family planning uptake. Providing decision makers in developing countries, including in Africa, with the best available evidence on the factors that determine the quality of care in family planning services, from the perspective of clients and health care providers, is important to inform the design and implementation of the most effective, efficient and acceptable measures. Policy implementation is the magic that translates policies into results. That includes following through on commitments with adequate resources, trained providers, operational policies, and guidance that are responsive to local needs and are based on best practices. Learning from FP2020, the Ouagadougou Partnership, and the Challenge Initiative, and other networks and platforms, progress in family planning is achievable if governments, civil society organizations, bilateral and multilateral organizations, private sectors, religious leaders, and other implementing partners come together around a common goal with a clear definition of targets and responsibilities. Improving use of family planning services is key to improving maternal health, and provision of quality of care in family planning services is critical to support higher levels of family planning uptake both by attracting new family planning service users and by maintaining existing users.

Background: Sports physiotherapy is a specialized area of physiotherapy that deals with the injuries related to sports people. Those are different from everyday injuries. The sports physiotherapists works closely with the coach and the player or athlete in terms for the performance enhancement by the unique combination of the knowledge that includes, anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, exercise therapy, kinesiology. The study aimed to determine the association between the knowledge about factors such having a sports physiotherapist in team, equipment used by the physiotherapist and having benefited personally from physiotherapy. Objective: To find out the awareness about sports physiotherapy knowledge among university professional players. Methodology: 100 professional non-contact sports players were selected and a self-administered English questionnaire was distributed. Results: 86.17% of the players have good knowledge about the physiotherapy regarding the prevention, rehabilitation, types of injuries and equipment used by the physiotherapist Conclusion: The university level professional players have good knowledge about basic physiotherapy.

In India, urbanization is progressing at a rapid pace. The urban population was 11.4% at the 1901 census. This percentage gradually increased to 31.16% according to the 2011 census. The main side effect of urbanization is the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land use. This article aims to identify changes taking place on agricultural land and transform them into a different type of land cover (LULC). To achieve this goal, land-use change mapping is done using Remote Sensing and GIS. The study used satellite imagery along with field studies and statistical data to detect a change in agricultural land into a different LULC type at Gadag Taluk in the Gadag District. This study is conducted over a 13-year period from 2001 to 2014. This paper presents in detail the expansion and shrinkage of agricultural land and open areas at the Taluk level. Resourcesat -LISS III and IV data as well as Sentinel-2 were used in this study. LISS and MSI images from the study period, i.e. from 2001 to 2014, are collected and then pre-processed. The classification of images is done manually. Training samples are collected using ground truth information (GCPs). The identification of land use changes is done on the basis of polygons. This would determine which LULC class is mainly responsible for agricultural land shrinkage. These space-time and statistical studies will help build the basis of a model of sustainable development

Sustainable development finds its full meaning in the sense that it promotes the use of renewable resources, available in sufficient quantity to meet the diverse needs of a society in the present and in the future. This concept includes social, economic and environmental factors which must all be taken into account because they are decisive in the absolute availability of the resource. The cob is the part of the maize which bears its seeds and which, after shelling, is thrown away as vegetable waste. Corn is a food grain of the Gramineae family, whose tight kernels on a long cob are rich in sugar and gluten. This plant grown in Africa and around the world whose use of its different parts is varied. Corn was probably domesticated in southern or central Mexico. In recent years and in the context of the need to use renewable resources, the use of locally available raw materials has literally exploded, particularly in the field of construction. At the origin of the research, we find first of all the desire to valorize the corn cob. It is dried and then reduced to a powder whose particle size is determined before use.It is also a question of appreciating the mechanical and thermal properties of the Compressed Earth Block (BTC) with the reinforcement of vegetable fiber by valuing the cob of corn which is a biodegradable natural product as reinforcement in the manufacture of the ecological BTC which meets the standards. international. The composite material obtained was characterized mechanically and thermally. The mechanical properties comply with the values of the standards in force. Similarly, the results show that thermal conductivity and diffusivity decrease with the introduction of corn cob flour while effusivity increases. This particleboard could be used for thermal isolation

Pumpkins and squash are the edible fruits of four of the five cultivated species of the genus Cucurbita. Although the terms ‘pumpkin’ and ‘squash’ are often used interchangeably, the former is derived from the Latin word pepo and implies a large, round fruit, whereas the latter is derived from the native North American word asq, plural asquash, for a fruit eaten raw or immature. References to pumpkins date back many centuries. The name pumpkin originated from the Greek word for "large melon" which is "pepon." "Pepon" was nasalized by the French into "pompon." The English changed "pompon" to "Pumpion." Shakespeare referred to the "pumpion" in his Merry Wives of Windsor. American colonists changed "pumpion" into "pumpkin." The "pumpkin" is referred to in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Peter, Peter, Pumpkin Eater and Cinderella. Pumpkin and squash (Cucurbita L. spp.), collectively, are a major vegetable crop and are grown in almost all regions, from cool temperate to tropical. Generally, the edible Cucurbita fruit that are round or nearly round are referred to as pumpkins and those that are nonround are referred to as squash. Although Cucurbita plants and fruit are grown for various reasons, most often they are grown for human consumption of their entire young fruit or mature fruit flesh. The genus Cucurbita incorporating pumpkin, squashes or vegetable marrows is the most economically valuable genus of this family with 27 species, five of which (C. moschata, C. pepo, C. maxima, C. mixta, C. ficifolia) are cultivated all over the tropical and sub-tropical world. The edible portion of the fruit, botanically called ‘pepo’, is a pericarp with a very little portion of the mesocarp. Both mature and immature stages of the fruits are used as vegetable. The flesh is delicious when stewed, boiled or baked. The average nutritive value of pumpkin (2.68) is higher than brinjal (2.41), tomato (2.09) and cucumber (1.69) mainly because of high stored carbohydrate (mainly glucose) and carotenoids (74% β - carotene) along with a moderate quantity of ascorbic, nicotinic, pantothenic and folic acids and different minerals. Fully matured fruits, apart from utilization as a cooked vegetable can be used in preparing sweets, candy or fermented into beverages. Delicate sweet items like “halwa”, other sweets and jams are prepared from the meshed flesh of fully matured fruit. Pulp is also mixed with tomato in the preparation of sauce and ketchup. In this review article origin, distribution, taxonomy, botanical description, genetics, genetic diversity, and breeding of pumpkins (Cucurbita spp.) are discussed.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and resistance patterns of Candida albicans strains isolated from vaginal swabs at the National Public Health Laboratory in Brazzaville. Material and methods: 298 vaginal swabs were collected at the National Public Health Laboratory from January to June 2020. Isolation was performed on Sabouraud's medium, followed by species identification based on phenotypic and biochemical tests. Susceptibility to antifungal agents was assessed by standard solid and liquid diffusion techniques according to CLSI/NCCLS 2009-2020. Results: Mycological examination of the 298 samples revealed 99 positive results, of which 37 were identified as Candida albicans, a prevalence of 37.37%. Of the 37 strains of C. albicans tested, 19 were resistant, i.e. 51.35%, according to the antifungal activities of the strains. The species had a comparatively high level of resistance to azoles, including miconazole (47.94%) and fluconazole (27.09%). Four main resistance patterns were identified from the data analysis: 14 strains showed AT pattern (azoleresistance), 3 strainsshowed AP pattern (imidazole-polyeneresistance), 1 strain showed PAT pattern (polyene-azoleresistance) and 1 strain showed PF pattern (polyene-5flurocytosine). Conclusion: This study found that among the species of the genus Candida, Candida albicans has the highest prevalence. Through the study of antimycoticactivities, we were able to follow the evolution of the resistance of the species to azoledrugs, which constitutes a serious threat to public health.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) It is a chronic disease that spreads from person to person through the air and is brought on by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis medication Adherence is a key factor associated with the effectiveness of all pharmacological therapies but is particularly critical for medications prescribed for chronic conditions in this study we aim to assess the barriers of tuberculosis medication adherence. Methods: Observational cross-sectional cross- sectional community based, carried out in Jazan Region in Saudi Arabia in period between June 2021 till October 2021 included (228) all new diagnosed tuberculosis patients in 2021 was conducted to assess the tuberculosis medication adherence level and its barriers using standardized general medication adherence scale. Results: 228 tuberculosis patients were enrolled more than 50% of participants aged between 19 t0 34 years and the least age group was less than 19 years, male was found to be more than female 70.2%, majority of the participants was married 58%, regards to education near to 60% of participant was low il educated from intermediate level and below, (11%) of TB patients were had other medical condition hypertension 8.8%diabetes 5.6%, dyslipidemia 1.3% (comorbidity) among registered TB patients 2021, all of patients obtained the medicine from government we found there is a high medication adherence among 86% of participants educational levels, marital status and monthly income (Pvalue .006,.003 and .001) logistics regression showed that is, association with education level and adherence (Pvalue0.002 ), and also the results shows that secondary education is 3.717 times more likely to adherence than non-adherence. The marital status is positively significant associated with adherence, the p-value for married is 0.006. Also there is positive significant association between monthly income and adherence. the p-value for monthly income with adherence is 0.034 which indicate that there is association with monthly income and adherence, study recommend more effort to be spent not married for low level education and income.

This study intends to discover the opinion of the physicians about the expected effects of public hospital privatization on the provided services to the patient at the Maternity and Children Hospital in Makkah city. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach through using a questionnaire to gather statistical data. This study used a cross-sectional design. We evaluated the relation between the physicians' knowledge about privatization with their answers to the questions in the research domains (the domains are: Physician Perception, Services Improvement, Increase Productivity, and Statement about privatization). The sample size is 217 physicians answering the questionnaire. The number of physicians who agreed to privatization was those who know what privatization means (p=<0.001). Physicians who understand what privatization means were shown to agree with the statement; that privatization will benefit the Saudi healthcare system (p=0.037) and the importance of developing a summary of physicians’ views regarding privatization by the Saudi MOH (p= 0.004). A significant value was shown in the improvement scale respectively (p=0.013, 0.07, 0.026). Privatization would shorten patients' waiting time and improve access to healthcare services, and reduce the waste of resources, consumable items, and drugs. In the general statements scale, the p=0.001 and 0.016 showed significant values; the privatization would give hospitals more flexibility in administration operations and eliminate routine and bureaucracy. We recommend that a longitudinal study be conducted to see the changes that privatization brings to the Saudi health system. In addition, establish and update a database of healthcare workers' opinions.

The néré fruit is known in the north of Côte d'Ivoire for its seeds, which are used to prepare soumbara, and for its pulp, which is also consumed. Unfortunately, the nutritional value of the floury pulp is not known by the population and it is not processed by local industries. The flour is largely discarded by the "washing" system, which only preserves the seed. This study contributes to the valorisation of néré fruits. After hulling the néré fruit, the pulp is dried in the sun, crushed and sieved to produce three types of flour, depending on the source. Flours from Niofoin, Waragniéré and Kanoroba are coded FN, FW and FK respectively. The study of these flours by AOAC method and HPLC revealed, depending on the source, the presence of numerous vitamins such as vitamin C (178.94 to 198.53mg/100g), vitamin B1 (154 to 407µg/100g), vitamin B2 (59.7 to 91.6µg/100g), vitamin B3 (89 to 140µg/100g) vitamin B5 (53.67µg/100g on average), vitamin B6 (25µg/100g on average), vitamin B9 (3555 to 4718µg/100g), vitamin A (820µg/100g on average), vitamin E (8700µg/100g on average) and vitamin K1 (66.67µg/100g on average). The three (3) flours FN, FW, FK of néré contain vitamins that are beneficial to the health of local populations and can be used by the food industry.

The study was taken up in three selected blocks of Tirupattur District of Tamil Nadu to assess the entrepreneurial performance of women entrepreneurs. A sample size of 300 women entrepreneurs managing various agro-based enterprises viz., vermicompost, dairy, poultry and handicraft making were selected as respondents for the study. The respondents were interviewed personally by a well structured and pre-tested interview schedule. The collected data were analysed and tabulated using appropriate statistical tools. The entrepreneurial performance Index was worked out by adding the scores of entrepreneurial behaviour, marketing ability and perceived profitability of the respondents. Around sixty per cent of women entrepreneurs possessed medium level (56.67 per cent) of entrepreneurial performance followed by low (32.33 per cent) and high (11.00 per cent) levels. The overall entrepreneurial behaviour of the respondents was found to be medium (60.67 per cent) among majority of the respondents. Majority of the respondents had medium level of entrepreneurial dimensions viz., decision making ability (60.30 per cent), achievement motivation (48.00 per cent), economic motivation (50.00 per cent). Innovativeness (66.00 per cent), risk orientation (69.00 per cent) and competition orientation (67.00 per cent). They possessed high level of entrepreneurial dimensions like self-confidence (53.70 per cent), management orientation (72.30 per cent), leadership ability (61.00 per cent) and knowledge about the enterprise (60.00 per cent). Around forty per cent of them had low (39.00 per cent) decision making ability. Majority of them had medium to high level achievement motivation (94.30 per cent). The women entrepreneurs possessed low to medium level marketing ability (80.00 per cent). Around forty per cent of them perceived their enterprises as some what profitable followed by others who perceived as profitable (26.00 per cent) and least profitable (24.30 per cent).

Description du sujet: L’oignon est une plante à usages multiples. Ses feuilles sont consommées couramment au Niger. C’est une plante à fort potentiel économique. Sa production notamment sa conservation contribue à l’amélioration du revenu des acteurs de sa chaîne de valeur. Objectifs: Le but de cette étude est d’analyser les facteurs qui favorisent l’adoption des structures de stockage. Cette étude a pour dessein d’identifier les techniques de conservation et les facteurs d’adoption de technique innovante. Méthode: Cette étude qui a concerné un échantillon de 100 producteurs afin d’identifier les techniques de conservation et les facteurs d’adoption de technique innovante. Le modèle de régression LOGIT a été utilisé comme outil d’analyse. Résultats: L’étude a révélé que la superficie et la quantité conservée ont une influence significative sur la probabilité d’utilisation « Rudu » à deux portes au seuil de 1%. Le revenu agricole, l’accès à la nouvelle technique et le niveau d’instruction, ont une influence significative au seuil de 5% et la variable production au seuil de 10%. Les moyens de conservation d’oignon restent toujours traditionnels dans le village, dont le petit « Rudu » avec 33,33% des producteurs, le moyen « Rudu » avec 44,05% et enfin grand « Rudu » avec 22,62% des producteurs. Il permet de stocker jusqu’à 2250 kg selon le type de « Rudu » pour une durée de cinq (05) mois. Le taux de perte est autour de 28%. Le coût de la construction moyen d'un Rudu est autour 35000 FCF. La technique innovante de conservation de « Rudu » à deux portes offre le meilleur avantage en terme de conservation avec un très faible taux de pourriture sur une durée de cinq à six mois. Conclusions: L’essor de la commercialisation de l’oignon nécessite une amélioration des techniques de conservation pour améliorer le revenu des producteurs. Ainsi, La technique innovante de conservation de « Rudu » à deux portes constitue le moyen de conservation le plus efficace dans le zone avec un très faible taux de pourriture sur une durée de cinq à six mois.

Objective: To investigate immunomodulatory activity of hydro-alcoholic extract leaves of Cestrum nocturnum in wistar rat. Method: Cestrum nocturnum leaves extract in hydroalcoholic solution were prepared by Soxhlation method for 8 hrs at 55-600C and stored at 220C in a sealed airtight container. Hydro-alcoholic leave sextract of Cestrum nocturnum was screened for immunomodulatory activity and given to the wistar rat at a concentration of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of body weight in different groups of 6 mice each orally once a day for 14 days. Levamisole is also given to another group to support the result at a dose of 50mg/kg of body weight orally once a day for 14 days. DTH, HA, TLC, DLC are calculated for the rats.

Plants are recognized today as natural medicinal sources and some are used as ergogenic aids because of their antioxidant properties. Rourea coccinea is one of the most widely used plants in African traditional medicine. Studies have demonstrated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of supplementation of R. coccinea ethanolic extract on anti-fatigue and ergogenic functions following intense endurance exercise. Male Wistar rats divided into three groups (n = 10) were given distilled water, ethanolic extract of R. coccinea (Rc) at 400 mg/kg (Rc-400) and 800 mg/kg (Rc-800) per day orally for 16 days. The effects on physical performance and anti-fatigue of the extract were evaluated after physical tests by measuring the time of swimming until exhaustion, and the level of biomarkers associated with fatigue such as blood glucose, blood lipids, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). The results showed that the 400 and 800 mg/kg extract significantly increased swimming time compared to the control group. Rats in the extract treated groups showed a decrease in the level of AST, ALT and CK after physical activity compared to the control group. Blood glucose was significantly increased with the treated groups. In lipid profile, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL levels were not significantly altered in Rc treated groups; however, Rc extract decreased the LDL level significantly. Overall, these results suggest that the ethanolic extract of R. coccinea possesses anti-fatigue effects and increases physical performance in rats. Therefore, supplementation of R. coccinea may be beneficial for improving physical performance and combating muscle fatigue.

Background: Chitin and chitosan from the exoskeleton of horseshoe crab was reported to have a comparable quality to commercial chitosan. It would become a good alternative for the existing chitosan in the market. Nonetheless, inefficient isolation processes could lead to a waste to this invaluable raw material and incur additional cost. Chitosan isolated from the raw chitin could be affected by the frequency of deacetylation process. At the same time, horseshoe crabs, as known as a living fossil, must be exploited sustainably. Objective: Thus, it is important to determine if a single deacetylation process can satisfy the quality and amount of extracted chitosan from the exoskeleton. Methods: In this experiment, exoskeletons of horseshoe crab were obtained from two different area (Balok in the South China Sea coast and Muar in the Straits of Malacca) and processed through several steps of grinding, deproteinization and demineralization before went through a single and double process of deacetylation using 50% NaOH. FT-IR spectra were analysed to ensure the completion of deacetylation process. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The p value was obtained from the independent-samples T-Test analysis with p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Percentage of chitin and chitosan isolated does not have a significant difference (p>0.05) between Balok and Muar. Nonetheless, the degree of deacetylation is significantly different (p<0.05) between the study sites despite the insignificant difference between single and double deacetylation processes. Conclusion: The results suggest that a double process of deacetylation would be efficient to produce chitosan from chitin extracted from the horseshoe crab exoskeleton. The yield was significantly higher when using samples from Balok than Muar which could be related to some other factors that should be further investigated.

Context: Schools exert maximum influence on lives of children and youth; and can play a key role in supporting students health and by extension, the health of their families and communities. A teacher with sufficient knowledge on dental health can be a cornerstone in encouraging and motivating children. So, it is imperative to have teachers with good knowledge ,attitude and practices of oral health. Aims: To assess the Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral health among government school teachers of Panchkula. Settings and Design: A Multistage probability sampling was used. Methods and Material: The primary sampling unit comprised of Panchkula district. The teachers were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Results: Around 91.4% female and 92% male teachers knew the fact that oral health does have a role on general health. When attitudes of teachers on oral health was assessed, it was observed that 90.7% female and all (100%) male teachers accepted the fact that maintenance of oral health is an individual responsibility. Around 86.4% female and 76% male teachers brushed their teeth twice daily and 13.6% female and 24% male teachers brushed once daily. Conclusions: Even though most of the teachers show satisfactory knowledge in some aspects of preventive oral health, they still lag behind in knowledge in some crucial parts of oral health. The results of this study did not show favorable performance from the teachers.

Nowadays, that our times are characterized by technological achievements at all levels – economic, social, cultural – it becomes evident that the educational systems of all countries are also affected. They are adapted and modernized according to these developments and for this reason the introduction of technology education occupies an important place in the syllabi starting from primary education. In this effort, in order for the use of technology and more specifically digital educational games to be effective in improving both school performance and students' skills, it is important to investigate and record the knowledge and opinions of teachers regarding the value of digital games and their effectiveness in the field of education. In the context of the literature review carried out, it was found that the value and effectiveness of digital educational games have not been researched in depth, for this reason this research focuses on their investigation and recording. The research was carried out on the island of Rhodes using an electronic questionnaire as the methodological tool, which was designed specifically for the needs of this work and was completed by 140 teachers, who are serving the current school year in primary schools on the island of Rhodes. From the analysis of the results, it was established that the teachers of the sample use digital educational games quite often during the learning process, recognizing their pedagogical value and their benefits to the student community.

India is an importer of edible oil due to their less net domestic availability. Around 56-60% of the edible oils consumed in the country are met through imports. The three oils that the country imports are palm oil, which forms 36 per cent of India’s edible oil consumption, followed by soybean and sunflower oil, which constitute 22 per cent and 12 per cent of the demand (according to 2019-20 data from Solvent Extractors’ Association of India (SEA), agency monitoring edible oils), respectively. Vegetable oils and fats have a big contribution in our diet. They are important from nutritional and economical point of views. Because of their greater demand in national and international market adulteration in high price oil with low price oil is a major issue. The intake of adulterated oils and trans-fats in the human diet has had negative health repercussions, including cardiovascular disease, causing millions of deaths annually.

Anthropogenic activities increases the pollution level in the lower part of the Hooghly river. Several reports and research papers indicate towards the bioaccumulation of heavy metals. The present research aims to assess the concentration of the key pollutants released from adjacent drains into the Hooghly River and their presence in river water. To reach the goal, wastewater samples collected from some selected drains and river water collected from the adjacent bathing station to these drains. Collected samples are acid digested and took the results Most of the drains wastewaterwere found contaminated with different contaminants like Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, but the river water found under control. According to the status of Relative Accumulation Indices (RAI), calculating by the ratio concentration of metals in river water to drains water, Fe

This study intends to discover Curcuma zedoaria Rosc., also known as white turmeric is a promising member of the family Zingiberaceae. The plant is a source of several substances of medicinal and pharmacological significance. It has wide applications in the treatment of various diseases like diarrhoea, stomach ache, ulcer, cancer, etc. However, no attempt has been made to investigate the genetic variability and genetic control of the agronomic morphometric characters of the species. The present study showed that all the 15 morphometric characters studied displayed continuous frequency distribution, indicating polygenic control of the characters. Among the growth characters, number of tillers, number of leaves per tiller, leaf length and leaf area showed the accumulation of higher number of recessive alleles in the gene pool of the germplasm studied and plant height and leaf breadth showed the accumulation of higher number of dominant factors. All the yield characters studied such as yield per plant, number of primary fingers, number of secondary fingers, length of primary finger, circumference of primary finger, length of secondary finger, circumference of secondary finger, length of mother rhizome and the circumference of mother rhizome showed skewness towards the proximal side of the distribution with the accumulation of higher number of recessive factors. All the characters studied, however, displayed a relatively wide distribution of factor combinations, indicating that the plant species under study has a broad genetic base. The skewed nature of the distribution pattern of the morphometric characters towards the proximal side of the curve indicates the need of selection of genotypes with higher number of dominant alleles for the improvement of agronomic characters.