February 2019

Sclerodermais a multisystem autoimmune disease in which there is increased fibroblast activity resulting in abnormal growth of connective tissue. Systemic sclerosis is classified into two main types: Diffuse cutaneous and limited cutaneous scleroderma. Commonest presentations of limited scleroderma were Calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia and only facial skin manifestation is very rare presentation. We are presenting a case report of rare involvement of facial skin only as an initial manifestation of limited scleroderma.

A case of 55 year old male patient suffering from diabetes mellitus since 15 years, showing neuropathic symptoms in lower extremities since 2 years. The classical symptoms like parasthesia, numbness in both lower limbs along with burning and tingling sensation were present in the patient. These symptoms were aggravated since three months for which patients came to visit the OPD of RLAMCH, Chandkhuri, Durg. The patient was examined as per the routine procedure and shifted to the IPD for further specific treatment and management. In the IPD Madhumehari churn and Gomutra was given orally twice a day. This treatment regimen was continued for three months. The patients was first admitted for 10 days and consumed the medicine in medical supervision then the rest of the period had taken the medicine at home with every week follow up to the hospital. The serum blood glucose level was compared before and after the treatment, the result of which was significant in maintaining the blood glucose level within the optimum limit throughout the treatment period without any further worsening of the condition. The neuropathic symptoms were substantially decreased with the hopeful outcome.

Aim: Comparative evaluation of effect of two demineralising agents on the apical microleakage in root end cavities filled with MTA Plus. Materials and Method: Forty five single rooted teeth were selected and biomechanical preparation was done upto F2 Protaper. Root canals were obturated with AH Plus sealer and Guttapercha. Access cavities were sealed with GIC. Apical root-resection was then performed by removing 3mm of the apex at 90° to the long axis of the root with a straight fissure bur. Root-end cavities were prepared using diamond fissure bur upto 3mm. The teeth were randomly allotted into three groups of 15 each. Group A: root-end cavities demineralized with citric acid 10% (1 min). Group B: root-end cavities demineralized with 17% EDTA (1 min). Group C: root-end cavities with no demineralizing agent (Control Group). All the groups were retro filled with MTA Plus. The samples were then stored in 100% humidity for 24-hours and coated with nail varnish except the resected root end. After drying, they were immersed in methylene blue dye for 24-hours. The teeth were sectioned and examined under stereomicroscope. Results: Control group with no demineralizing agent showed least mean microleakage (0.166±0.040mm) and group demineralised with 17% EDTA showed highest mean microleakage (0.210±0.16mm) Conclusion : Removal of smear layer increases dentin permeability, facilitating bacterial penetration, hence it can be concluded that application of demineralising agents during apical surgery cannot be recommended.

At present when endodontic surgery is considered, the gold standard as retrograde filling material which comes to mind is the Biodentin. However there are certain other materials available in the market but due its improved physical properties in the clinical application, this material is considered as the first option. This case report represents a endodontic surgery of a mandibular anterior teeth in which Biodentin was used as a root end filling material which resulted in complete healing of the case at 1 year with absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of regeneration of the periapical tissues.

The purpose of this study was to assess the challenges and strategies of teaching speaking skills in large classes. To this end, Mettu preparatory school which is found in Ilu Abba Bora Zone, Oromia region is selected. The respondents of the study were four English language teachers and one hundred twenty students from grade eleven. Descriptive survey-which is known as cross-sectional research design was used to describe the current situation of the study, and purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a number of study units from a defined population. The instruments used to collect data were interview and questionnaires. Then the collected data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. The findings of the study showed that the teachers lacked different classroom management strategies in teaching speaking skills, and most of them could not effectively play their managerial roles during teaching speaking skills in large classes. The findings also showed that the teachers rarely used different strategies and techniques in order to develop students’ speaking skills. The study further revealed that the teachers have considered large classroom as a problematic in teaching speaking skills rather than their teaching methodology. The study also portrayed that students in large classes hardly interact with each other to improve their speaking skills. Furthermore, the study indicated that the teachers frequently used whole class organization at the expense of pair and/or group organizations. Finally, recommendations were forwarded based on the major findings of the study so as to improve the students' speaking skills and use different large class strategies. Hence, it was recommended that English language teachers have to use appropriate strategies to manage large class. Therefore, they must develop the approach that works best for the students based on their learning styles, the characteristics of their students, and the goals and objectives of the lessons.

Background: Quality assessment can inform us about the nutritional values of food, but also about its origin (i.e. cultivation techniques) and organoleptic properties. Analysis of foods is continuously requesting the development of more robust, efficient, sensitive, and cost‐effective analytical methodologies to guarantee the safety, quality and traceability of foods in compliance with legislation and consumers demands. Biogenic amines are a class of molecular marker, used to recognize and to identify food origin, vegetables maturity, cultivation techniques and storage time. Since sustainability is an actual aim of the scientific research, even “green” analytical determinations in food are going to be developed. Green chemistry introduced several points like less waste, low energetic costs, raw materials made by renewable sources. Objectives: The aim of the present work is to compare two different HPLC method for determinate biogenic amines in food matrix. Life Cycle Assessment methodology was applied to evaluate the environmental effects/impacts of the two differents scenario. Moreover, the application of the Life Cycle Cost analysis allowed to evaluate costs in the second scenario. Methods: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) allow to identify and quantify biogenic amines in food matrices. Two different HPLC methods were compared by Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost methodologies. These methodologies permit to quantify the environmental negative output, pointing out opportunities to reduce input and output of the system and to choose the most cost-effective option. The environmental variables were calculated by using Simapro 8 software (ReCIPe 2016 method). Results: The new analysis methodology allows to use just 20.6% of resources. The optimized methodology saves more than 50% with a payback period of 10 analysis. Conclusions: The implementation of new methods of analysis improves the efficiency and sensitivity, pointing out sustainability topic in food quality assessment field.

Background: Success of endodontic treatment depends on complete debridement and disinfection of root canal space. Objective: The evaluation of the efficiency of the Chlorhexidine and ozone gas in the elimination of Candida Albicans in the root canals. Hypothesis: Is Chlorexidine treatment more effective than ozone gas treatment? Materials and methods: In this study we inoculated 20 teeth with C. albicans. All teeth were washed with 10 cc of sterile saline solution. The root canals were incubated with Brain-Heart infusion broth at 37°C for 24 hour. 20 single-rooted human teeth were prepared using Mtwo instrument. In the first group (n=10) as an irrigating agent we used 10 cc of 2% CHX solution and in the second group (n=10) as an irrigating agent we used ozone gas. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Data were analyzed by one-sample t-tests. The significance level (α) was set at 0.05, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, whereas P-value and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to compare independent samples. Results: Chlorhexidine treatment reduced significantly the amount of C.albicans (P=0.002) compared with the group treated with ozone gas (P=0.005). By reducing the number of treatments in time period, the difference between the effects of two irrigants is increased, dominating the chlorhexidine treatment. Conclusion: The efficiency of the treatment with chlorhexidine is maximal and the colony forming units falls significantly and we recommend using this treatment in comparison to the ozone gas treatment.

In the article some information about market relations‟ coming into being in Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan is given, and also the dynamics of bilateral collaboration of the two countries in trade- economic sphere is traced back. The information about the reasons impeding the development of these relations is given, the significance of bilateral interest of the countries to each other is revealed, which, as a result, led to mutually beneficial and fruitful collaboration between the two fraternal countries: Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. The trade and economic relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the Republic of Azerbaijan were established in 1995, as a result of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the states. The intensification of relations began in 1996, when the TRACECA project arose, which contributed to the creation of the Transcaucasia corridor (via Turkmenistan to Baku and from there to Poti). In general, trade and economic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Uzbekistan are at a high enough level, cause mutual aspiration and interest of states to expand trade and economic relations in all possible spheres and directions.

This study aims to analyze the opportunity offered by the socio-cultural environment in the act of fraud. It is based on a field survey of 51 individuals selected using the reasoned sampling method. The data collected were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The theory behind this study is Cohen and Felson's theory of opportunity. The tested hypothesis is verified because in terms of results, it appears that the socio-cultural environment favors the illicit sale of the cashew nut. The Ivorian rulers would therefore benefit from increasing the awareness on the interest of the sale of this product in Côte d'Ivoire and the respect of the texts which govern its marketing.

One of the major outfits in teenage girl’s wardrobes includes skirts. It is very much physical and functional in nature. In today’s global Era, designing new garments has widened the scope of garment industry and also gives opportunity to designers to play with various designing elements in creating innovative garments. When we go through the society it is noticed that there is an increasing acceptability of denim amongst all strata of Indian society. The denim market is constantly re-defining and re-inventing itself with new designs, embellishments and cuts. So a study focus on “Innovative Skirt Designing by Fusion of Denim” was undertaken to give something new to the society. 100% of the respondents like the skirts developed by different fabrics of denim and it will be accepted by the mass of the people.

Entity Resolution and unstructured Web has recently attracted significant attentions and usage of Block Chain is increasing to try to solve different problems as traceability. Entity Resolution can be defined as the process of identifying, matching, verifying accuracy and try to get to the same metadata definition of the Entity from several sources including the unstructured web and structured databases. A new issue have been identified for Entity Resolution: What is information today could be wrong in an instant later, so we talk now of the value of the Entity Resolution in function of the time. In this paper, we address the issue of data and metadata timely integration from unstructured, structured and multi-sources. We propose a new semantic approach of data integration and Entity Resolution that aims to build a unified and trusted traceable repository (UTTR), called SMESE Traceable Trusted Smart Harvesting Algorithm from Unstructured and Structured Web (SMESE-TTSHA). SMESE-TTSHA is based on Traceable Smart Harvesting Strategies (TSHS) addresses the problem of performing Traceable Entity Resolution (MLM-TTSHA) using trusted, ranked sources and taking care of the value of the information at an instant t. We experimentally evaluate our SMESE-TTSHA approach on large real datasets and compare the performance results with those of existing approaches. Our experimental results show our proposed models perform well on the Traceable Entity Resolution compared to the existing approaches, while also satisfying constraint of the algorithm.

The target of this work was the detection of fault in engine through its sound using spectral analysis. The sound signals of three selected engine parts were examined using spectral analysis to detect the fault in Toyota 3B engine. These sound signals are sound from normal Toyota 3B engine, sound from faulty advanced engine and sound from faulty retarded engine in Toyota 3B engine. These all sounds have a unique spectral representation and have a unique sound which different from the normal engine sound. Sound capturing processes was occurred by combining laptop, mini-jack, microphone, microphone stand and engine and these sound signals were recorded in isolated room to avoid interference from surrounding sounds. Two signal visualization techniques were used in this work and these sound signal visualization techniques are time wave form and line spectrum. The plot of line spectrum was obtained after time domain is converted to frequency domain with help of FFT. This conversion is performed with aid of MATLAB soft ware. This thesis results indicates that each sound signal has its own time waveform, line frequency spectrum and power spectrum. It can be concluded that every sound signal has a unique frequency. This work initiates others to detect the fault in engine using spectral analysis.

Background: Nearly half of the world’s population are at risk of being infected with malaria parasite. In Ghana, 3.5 million people get infected with the disease every year and about 20,000 children die from it annually. Haematological changes associated with malaria have been reported but may vary due to age, gender, and demographic factors. Objective: This study seeks to analyse the effect of malaria on some common haematological parameters of children (1-14 years) and adults (>14 years) patients attending St. Patrick’s Hospital, Offinso, Ghana. Methodology: A total of 2076 full blood count together with malaria test data, comprising of 1200 females and 876 males, were obtained from the laboratory department with 539 (25.96%) testing positive for malaria. Results: Majority (68.65%) of the malaria positive cases were recorded in children ≤14 years. In the 15-44 years category, females recorded significantly high cases of malaria than their male counterpart. There was a significant (p<0.0001) difference between the median haemoglobin levels of children with and without malaria. Within the adult population there was no difference between the median haemoglobin levels of malaria positive and negative adults (p > 0.05). Significant differences between all studied haematological parameters of malaria infected children and adults were identified. Out of the 370 children with malaria, 14.59% had severe anaemia compared to1.78% from their adult counterpart. The risk of developing severe anaemia was also 8.22 times as high as the risk of severe anaemia in malaria adult.Although 49.46% of children and 38.46% of adult with malaria suffer from thrombocytopenia, the risk of thrombocytopenia among children with malaria was 1.29 times as high as the risk in malaria adult. Median WBC count in children was significantly (p<0.05) higher than adult. The study also showed that 87.84%, 56.21% and 22.24% of severe anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia respectively that occurred in children with malaria can be attributed to their age. Conclusion: Children are 2.8 (OR) times more likely to suffer from malaria infection than adults whilst equal cases of malaria occur in females and males. Policy makers and stakeholders should as a matter of urgency develops malaria intervention programs targeting children, whilst health workers should closely monitor the haemoglobin levels, platelet count and WBC of malaria children, since they suffer the worse haematological abnormalities.

The synthesis of five 1,3-enynes was performed and its activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was determined.

The integrative review was the choice for the elaboration of this study, since it understands that this method allows the synthesis of completed researches and obtains conclusions from a studied phenomenon. This study aimed to identify nursing interventions described in the literature that contribute to the humanization of care to neonates in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The criteria used to select the sample were: articles published in Portuguese, listed in the following databases: Latin American Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS, International Literature in Sciences of the Saide - Medline, Scientific Electronic Library Online - SCIELO and Google academic. The period of publication of the articles was not delimited during the search. The descriptors used were: Critical Care Nursing, Humanization of Care and Neonatology. For the sample, 6 articles were selected because they met the eligibility criteria. The results demonstrate that nursing actions related tohumanization in NICU should be based on the construction of individual care, integrality and in the respect for life.

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the very potential types of ornamental fish in East Java and has a high economic value. Aeromonas salmonicida is a bacterium that includes Quarantine Fish Disease and has spread on the island of Java. Various antibiotics are available on the market for treatment of these bacterial infections, however, only commonly used certain antibiotics. Continuous use of an antibiotic can spur bacterial resistance. This study was conducted to test the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of A. salmonicida infection. Ciprofloxacin was chosen because it has the highest inhibitory value of A. salmonicida growth of 10 ppm with 11 ppm MBC value. At these doses up to 10 times the value of MIC, ciprofloxacin did not show a toxicity reaction in Koi fish. The researche design used Complate Randomize Design with different ciprofloxacin doses, namely treatment A (11 ppm), B (16.5 ppm), C (22 ppm), D (27.5 ppm) and E (33 ppm) repeated 3 times. The results of data analysis with ANOVA showed significant differences between treatments (p <0.05) Analysis continued with least Significant Difference and showed that the treatment of 11 ppm was significantly different from the treatment of 22 ppm, 27.5 ppm and 33 ppm. The treatment of 16.5 ppm was significantly different from the treatment of 22 ppm, 27.5 ppm and 33 ppm, while the treatment of 22 ppm, 27.5 ppm and 33 ppm was not significantly different, the dose of ciprofloxacin was effective and efficient or best for the treatment of A. salmonicida in Koi fish is 22 ppm.

Introduction: Anemia is a major public health problem all over the world especially in developing countries. Anemia prevalence in young children continues to remain over 60% in most parts of India and Asia despite a policy being in place and a program that has been initiated for a long time. Objectives: • To estimate the prevalence of Nutritional Anemia in Under 5 children of block Hazratbal,district Srinagar. • To estimate the risk factors of Nutritional Anemia in Under 5 children of block Hazrabal, District Srinagar. Results: Out of the children surveyed 158(77.5%) were having Moderate Anemia, followed by 38 (18.6%) were having Mild Anemia at the time of study. Conclusion: This study has accentuated evidence of an extremely high prevalence of childhood anemia in block hazratbal of district Srinagar especially in certain sub-groups of the population.

An experiment was laidout during summer season of 2006-07 and rainy season of 2006-07 at Regional Research Station, Mainpuri, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The experimental soil was sandy loam with poor fertility status. The seventy five genotypes of groundnut were tested. The main objective was to findout the suitable genotypes for cultivation during summer season. The secondary objective was to work out the magnitude of yield reduction between summer season and rainy season cultivated groundnut. Among the tested genotypes in summer season Co1 registered significantly highest pod yield of groundnut by 35.41 q/ha followed by ICGS 37 (25.00 q/ha), ICGS 5 (25.00 q/ha), ICGS 76 (25.00 q/ha), ICGS 11 (25.00 q/ha), GG7 (25.00 q/ha), S206 (25.00 q/ha) and Tirupati 3 (25.00 q/ha). The cultivars TG 26, M 157, NRCG 3498, PR 1 and R 9251 also produced the pod yield by 22.91 q/ha, 20.83 q/ha, 20.83 q/ha, 20.83 q/ha and 20.83 q/ha, respectively, during summer season. During rainy season the aforementioned genotypes also give better yield. All the genotypes reduced the pod yield during summer season as compared to rainy season. The magnitude of yield reduction was recorded from 1.60 per cent to 36.64 per cent.

Objectives: The present study is designed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of the bark of Bischofia javanica (BJ) Blume (Euphorbiaceae). The study was conducted by using invivo alloxan induced diabetic model in wistar albino rats. The parameters that were used for the assessment of antidiabetic activity are liver glycogen and blood glucose levels. Materials and Methods: (Preparation of the Plant Extract): The leaves of the BJ were collected from Wayanadu, Kerala, India during October 2010 and was authenticated by Mr. Krishnan, Lecturer in Botany, Kannur University, Kerala. The collected barks were air dried. After that the barks were powdered in an electric grinder. The powdered plant bark was soaked in ethanol and kept aside for 7 days with occasional stirring. After 7 days, the ethanolic layer was filtered. The solvent from the total extract was distilled off and the concentrate was evaporated on a water bath to a syrupy consistency and then evaporated to dryness10. The yield obtained was approximately 9.5% (95g). The dried extract was then stored in a desiccator for further use. Expperimental Animals: Healthy adult Wistar albino rats, weighing about 180-220g between 2 and 3 months of age obtained from SCOP, Valachil, Mangalore were used for the study. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee for animal experimentation SCOP (Ref: SCP/CPCSEA/ P09/F150/2009-10), Valachil, Mangalore. Results and Conclusions: The study performed preliminary phytochemical analysis for testing different chemical constituents preent in ethanolic extract of the bark of BJ Blume and thereby the observations showed the presence of triterpinoids, saponins, and tannins. Furthermore, the results of the research indicate that the ethanolic extract of the bark reduces the blood glucose level in diabetic rats. Further studies are needed to isolate and characterize the active principles and to find out the mechanism responsible for its antidiabetic activity.

The village government Landungsari create a public service website that www.pemdeslandungsari. com, The website contains content that support the implementation of online public services in the village Landungsari among family card-making services, ID cards, licenses Disorders and Birth Certificate. In this case, This study describes the challenges of implementation of Electronic Government in the Village Government Landungsari Malang. This study uses qualitative research methods of data collection techniques: interview, observation and documentation. This study revealed that the application of E Government in Malang Regency Village Government Landungsari not go well due to the weak leadership of village government, the lack of budgetary support for the implementation of e-government, low capacity of the village government, and the lack of infrastructure support. The issue is the implementation of e-government challenges effectively and efficiently.

The study was conducted on 2 groups including patients group and control subjects group at the outpatient clinic of Ibn Sina teaching hospital in Mosul during the period between 1/11/2010 and 1/5/2011. The first group consists of 53 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the second group consists of 53 apparently healthy subjects matched for age and gender who denied respiratory symptoms were kept as control group. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is an increase in the risk of osteoporosis in patients with COPD compared to that in healthy age-matched control subjects, and the correlation of osteoporosis to various degrees of disease severity. All the study groups were subjected to assessment of medical and drug history, measurement of weight and height to derive body mass index, pulmonary function testing, biochemical tests, and dual-energy X- ray absorptiometry The data obtained from the study revealed that patients with COPD have a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis as compared to that in healthy age-matched control subjects, 22(41.5%) versus 11(20.7%), respectively. The risk of osteoporosis was significantly different after stratification for Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-stage. Most patients with osteoporosis did not receive pharmacological treatment. Age, body mass index, menopausal duration and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted were significant independent correlates for osteoporosis.

Background: Mean Overall Index for Rheumatoid Arthritis (MOI-RA) is a new, continuous and feasible index to assess the impact on activity of daily living (which is the patient’s prime concern) so it could be useful in regular clinical practice for monitoring Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients. Objective: Assessment of disease activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis using Mean Overall Index for Rheumatoid Arthritis (MOI-RA). Material and method: The present study was a cross sectional study done on hundred RA patients as per American college of rheumatology criteria (ACR criteria) who presented in Rheumatology clinic at PGIMS, Rohtak (Haryana). Patients were assessed for disease activity using Disease activity score-28 (DAS28), Clinical disease activity index (CDAI), MOI-RA at baseline and at three months. Results: The mean age was 40.04 ±11.47 yrs with 84 females and 16 males. At baseline the mean DAS28, CDAI and MOI-RA score was 5.91±1.309, 30.56±17.82 and 43.54±18.81 respectively, while at three months was 2.74±0.84, 3.79±4.18, and 8.11±5.67, respectively. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient of MOI-RA with DAS28 and CDAI at baseline was 0.962 and 0.961 respectively and at three months was 0.929 and 0.939 respectively (all p-value <0.001). Reliability index (assessed by Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.751, 0.445 and 0.360 for MOI-RA, DAS28 AND CDAI respectively. Conclusion: MOI –RA was found to be significantly correlated with DAS28 and CDAI. The components of MOIRA include all important measures of disease activity, so it could be useful in regular clinical practice for monitoring RA patients.

Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureux, because of its varied clinical presentation and distressing nature, can be especially challenging to the dental practitioner. It is characterized by a sharp shooting pain that is most often unilateral and ipsilateral to the trigger point. The pain episodes are short in duration and abruptly arise and subside. This case series is an attempt to highlight the various clinical presentations of trigeminal neuralgia along with the brief overview highlighting the various differential diagnosis of the condition.

A religious name is a type of given name bestowed for a religious purpose, and which is generally used in religious contexts. Different types of religious names may be in use among clergy of a religion, as well in some cases among the laity. Now consider the language picture of the world in general human cognition in the unity of the world model, and with the same conceptual view of the world is a philosophical and philological concept. The study "Language world" and "Conceptual picture of the world" in the trinity "Language-thought-world" is one of the urgent problems of modern linguistics. Language world - a specific method for the language of reflection and representation of reality in language forms and structures in its relation with the person who is the central figure of the language.

Seasonal variation on the effects of heavy metals (chromium and zinc) on the corrosion potential of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Desulfovibrio vulgaris on three metal coupons (stainless steel, mild steel and carbon steel) in Ndoni River was carried out for a period of one year between April 2017 to March 2018.The River is a fresh water ecosystem where sulphur reducing bacteria can be found. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans had its highest growth rate in the dry season at 28MPN/100ml and highest growth rate in rainy season at 22MPN/100ml while Desulfovibrio vulgaris had its highest growth rate in the same dry season at 26MPN/100ml and highest growth rate in the same rainy season at 19MPN/100ml.The heavy metals (chromium and zinc) were present at a level tolerated by the organisms in the dry season at (1.08mg/l and 1.46mg/l) respectively while the levels of chromium and zinc at the beginning of rainy season were at 0.87mg/l and 1.10mg/l respectively. The corrosion rates of the three metal coupons stainless steel, mild steel and carbon steel were also highest in the dry seasons namely 0.127g, 2.271g, and 4.291g respectively. The TTEST value for chromium(stainless steel, mild steel and carbon steel) are 0.000598, 3.65947E-05 and 4.53205E-06 respectively while that of zinc(stainless steel, mild steel, and carbon steel) are 2.63664E-05, 0.004315319 and 7.74988E-05 respectively. The Correlation value between stainless steel and mild steel was 0.102427567.The Correlation value between mild steel and carbon steel was 0.146927782 while the Correlation value between stainless steel and carbon steel was 0.990278275.

Objectives: Previously, we retrieved sixteen studied concerning celiac disease (CD) among at-risk individuals in Saudi Arabia (SA) involving five studies concerning CD among short stature (SS) individuals. We present a characterization and meta-analysis for these five studies. Methods: Data from the relevant studies were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Inc) and the Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) program. This study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SA from March to July 2018. Results: All studies involved seroscreening, while endoscopies were used in three studies. The prevalence of seropositive-CD was 16.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]=11.7–21.7)with high heterogeneity (I2=83.576), while the prevalence of biopsy-proven CD was 6.7% (95% CI=4.6–9.5) with lower heterogeneity (I2=50.944). Anti-transglutaminase (Anti-tTG) antibodies were used in two studies (with anti-gliadin [AGA] in one and anti-endomysial [EMA] and AGA in the other). EMA alone was used in two studies, and one study was without details. Four studies occurred in the Riyadh region, and one study was in the Western region. Females with CD were 1.5 times more prevalent than males. Study subjects’ ages were 1.37–21 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of biopsy-proven CD (6.7%) was within the global range of 2.9% to 8.3% while the seroprevalence (16.1%) was high. No significant difference between the reported (by the studies) serologically-proven rates and biopsy-proven rates was noted (p = 0.205).

Hydrolysis is one of the method used to produce levulinic acid. Before hydrolysis, the samples need to be pretreated to enhance the production of levulinic acid during hydrolysis reaction. Two different pretreatments, acid pretreatment and ultrasonic-assisted acid pretreatment were done followed by acid hydrolysis on oil palm mesocarp fibre (OPMF). For acid pretreatment, the parameter involved was temperatures (60 ⁰C, 80 ⁰C and 100 ⁰C) while the effect of sonication powers (40%, 60% and 80%) was investigated for ultrasonic-assisted acid pretreatment. Acid hydrolysis reaction was performed at the temperature of 140 ⁰C for 3 hours. The samples from hydrolysis were then prepared for thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and analysis by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). TGA analysis revealed that the pretreated sample which produced the highest amount of levulinic acid based on HPLC result gave the lowest activation energy based on TGA result. This sample produced 11.45% levulinic acid and the activation energy for decomposition of this sample was only 15.16 kJ/mol. This indicates that the lowest energy was needed for decomposition of this treated sample due to the efficiency of acid pretreatment with its excellent condition towards fiber.

This paper presents the experimental study on static behavior of Railway Prestressed concrete (PSC) sleepers Using Next Generation Nano Based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete. The next generation nano based carbon fiber reinforced concrete is prepared using advance concrete materials such as GGBS, Silica Fumes, Carbon fibers, Polypropylene fibers and Carbon Nanotubes, (CNTs) integrated with High Performance Concrete having its compressive strength of 60 N/mm2. Five different PSC test specimens were casted viz. S1(M60), S2(M60+CNT), S3(M60+CNT+PF), S4(M60+CNT+CF) and S5 (M60+CNT+PF+CF). Carbon Nanotubes were first dispersed in deionized water and surfactant using an ultrasonic mixer as per state-of-the-art techniques, then the CNTs, Carbon fibers, Polypropylene fibers were combined with concrete. The PSC sleepers are casted at Sri Maruthi Builders and manufacturers of PSC railway sleepers, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, Karnataka and static tests were carried out at Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Load deflection curve was established. Ductility index, energy absorption and toughness index characteristics are determined and also the crack pattern, first crack load and ultimate load were studied. It is experimentally observed that sleeper specimen S5, first crack load and the ultimate load has been significantly enhanced as compared to other PSC railway sleeper test specimens.

Employee engagement can be defined as the extent to which employees are motivated to contribute for the achievement of organizational goals. CSR is an inexorable factor that can act as a technique to promote Employee engagement and to influence the attitude and behavior of employee’s. The objective of the study is to identify the influence of CSR on employee engagement, attitude and behavior. The study was conducted at V-Guard Industries Limited at Vennala, Kerala. The tool used for data collection was questionnaire and data was collected from 60 respondents and analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Science. The study seeks to assess the extent of influence of CSR activities of the employer company on the employee’s motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and eventually employee engagement. From the study it has been concluded that CSR activities are acting as an important drive for stimulating employee engagement and in influencing attitude and behavior of employees in an organization.

Aim: The purpose of this research was to test whether nurse manager’s servant leadership behaviors correlated to the job satisfaction and turnover intention of staff nurses. Background: Distinguished nursing excellence is accomplished by leaders that inspire others to adopt behaviors that encourage service and performance. Method: A 58 Likert-type servant leadership questionnaire assessing managers’ behaviors, relative to job satisfaction and turnover intention, was completed by 283 nurses working at a Magnet certified, Level II trauma center. In order to predict the influence of management behavior on job satisfaction and turnover intention, multiple linear regression analysis was utilized. Results: The conclusion reflected that servant leadership behaviors resonate with staff nurses resulting in an increase in job satisfaction and reduction in turnover intention beyond that of transformational leadership. The research demonstrated a strong, positive correlation linking servant leadership behaviors and job satisfaction. Conclusion: Servant leadership behaviors engage nursing staff resulting in higher job satisfaction and decreasing turnover intention. Implications for Nursing Management: Given the importance of human capital in nursing, nurse managers have an opportunity to create an environment where nurses can make meaningful contributions to an organization by reducing one of the causes of the nursing shortage.

This study aims to evaluate Filipino-value bound management functions among the middle-level managers of States University and Colleges at Region 8 assessing their strengths and weaknesses to enhance Filipino way of management. Filipino values are rarely studied because of the insufficiency of tools that can accommodate it. A descriptive-developmental method of research was used to assess three-hundred sixty-six (366) respondents from selected State Universities and Colleges. A two-part survey questionnaire was used as the main instrument to gather the needed data. The results were analyzed and interpreted through statistical tools such as Mean, Percentage, and ANOVA. The role of a parent (family cohesiveness); implementing curriculum initiatives (no cultural differences); orienting and modeling to students and stakeholders (walking the talk); not tolerating kumpadre system; managing school resources (avoid stealing); and promoting pakikisama (comradeship) to community network were revealed among all others that based on Filipino value-bound management functions. These suggest that the results of the study could serve as basis for the development of a Resource Material for Filipino middle-level managers.

Introduction: The inflammation process is considered as a central factor with in the aspects that atherosclerosis. Several factors can affect the vascular inflammatory disease, such as dietary and metabolic patterns. Objective: to verify if there is an association between subclinical inflammation and dietary and metabolic factors in women with overweight. Methods: 66 women with overweight (BMI = 29±4,3kg/m2), sedentary with the age of 24±4.1 years. Lipid profile, insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were dosed after fasting. The nutrition survey was made through the 24-hour recall. Subclinical inflammation defined by levels of CRP>3,0mg/L. It was utilized t-tests for independent samples, Spearman’ rho, multivariate logistic regression, as significance level p<0,05. Results: Women with vascular inflammation present higher values of blood glucose levels85±8,1vs 83±7,9mg/dL (p=0,02) and BMI of32±5,6 vs 28±3,2kg/m2 (p=0,02), reduced intakeofpolyunsaturatedfats6±5,2 vs 10±8,1% (p=0,03) andfibers13±5,0 vs 20±13,8g/day (p˂0,01). After the analysis of logistic regression, remained as independent decisive factors: the BMI (OR=1,2, IC95% 1,1-1,5) and the total intake of polyunsaturated fat (OR=0,8 IC95% 0,7-0,8). Conclusion: In women with overweight, the total polyunsaturated fats in take is a protective factor, while increasing BMI is an independent predictor factor for the development of the subclinical inflammatory condition.

Background: Presbycusis is age-related bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, with course acceleration highly influenced by comorbidities including arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Two major diagnostic approaches used include pure tone audiometry (PTA) and audiometry brain-stem response (ABR).Comparative studies regarding change in PTA and ABR threshold without age limit and co-morbidities’ consideration have been published. However, literature has no reports regarding aforementioned concerns. Objective: In this prospective study, we aimed to ascertain and correlated the relationship between PTA and ABR thresholds in patients with presbycusis in co-morbid with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, either alone or combined. Methods: In this study, 56 patients comprised of 35 females and 21 males, with mean age 64.71± 9.3(50-83) met study criteria. Depending on associated co-morbidities, the cohort was divided into 4groups, thus: group I (presbycusis alone, n=21), group II (presbycusis and DM, n=12), group III (presbycusis and AH, n=14) group IV (presbycusis and DM/AH, n=9) respectively. PTA and ABR thresholds were obtained and analysed. The statistical data analysis was performed using ANOVA-ONEWAY (SPSS-IBM), and p-value (≤0.05) was considered significant. Results: In this study, ABR and PTA threshold difference between ears was not statistically significant. The comparison between the mean threshold difference of ABR and PTA in group I and II was significant at each frequency, while group III exhibited a significant difference at high frequency only. However, group IV showed no significant difference between ABR and PTA thresholds. We also found that the mean difference in decibel was different in each group. In group I the mean difference decibel was < 20dB at high frequency and >20dB at 0.5 and 1 kHz. Group II showed a mean difference < 20dB at all frequency range. In group III we found mean difference between the two tests <20dB at 4, 8 and 2-4 kHz and >20dB at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz. Finally in group 4 the mean threshold difference was >20dB at each frequency. Conclusion: There was a positive relationship between the ABR and PTA threshold, which appear to be insignificant in presbycusis patients with both AH and DM; this finding may be related to synergic effects of the two chronic illnesses on the cochlea.

Background: Increased prevalence of anemia has been observed in adolescent, who are susceptible more often to nutritional anemia. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 276 newly admitted MBBS students of Prime Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh. For this serum haemoglobin level, total count of RBC and RBC indices of each student were recorded from records preserved in Pathology Department of Prime Medical College. Results: Among 276 male and female students, 33.70% (93) were anemic. Again, 16.66% (22) among the male and 48.61% (71) among the female students were anemic. Mild anemia was observed in 16.66% (22) male and in 31.94% (46) female students and 17.36% (25) female had moderate anemia. The differences among the anemic students were statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The observed prevalence of anemia is more among the female students and most of the students are mildly anemic.

Dental handpiece is one of the indispensible instruments in dental office required for the efficient accomplishment of a multitude of dental procedures like cavity preparation, tooth preparation for esthetic and prosthodontic procedures, polishing and prophylaxis, implant site preparation and placement. Adherence of dentist to the maintenance and sterilization protocols of handpieces has become inevitable not only to ensure their efficient functioning and longevity but also to prevent cross-infection and cross contamination amongst dentists and patients. This paper discusses principles of handpiece maintenance and methods available for effective sterilization in general dental practice.

Background: The presents situation in Iraq is dominated by violence, looting, kidnapping, torture, or murder. This had created an extremely threatening and traumatizing atmosphere for the whole population and especially children. Objectives: To determine the PTSD among primary school children in Baghdad. Method and Sampling: Across sectional multi stages sample survey of 600 respondent aged 6-15 years had been contacted in Baghdad during Jan and Feb.2006, sixteen schools were involved with 37-38 children represent each school. Tool: Arabic version of MINI (international neuro psychiatric interview PTSD module 1 was applied. Results: During the last 2 years 47% of the respondents had experienced major traumatic event. The prevalence of PTSD among school children was 14%. The male\female ratio was 1\3 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The traumatizing events were very common and had precipitated PTSD in 14% of children the prevalence was less tan expected which may suggest that Iraqis had adapted some sort of psychological immunization through the last 3 successive stressful and traumatizing decades. The study warrants exceptional efforts to re-stabilize the situation in order to avoid wide spread of morbidity and disability among children.

Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammation, demyelinization and axonal injury. The current therapeutic strategies include: disease-modifying, immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents (Mitoxantrone). Immunomodulatory drugs are Interferon β, Glatiramer acetate, Leflunomide, Teriflunomide, Fingolimod, Laquinimod (with dual properties of immunomodulation and neuroprotection). For the treatment of relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, new trend is the application of a specific therapeutic strategy with monoclonal antibodies: Alemtuzumab, Daclizumab, Natalizumab and Rituximab. Objective: The purpose of the study is the summarizing of the data for pharmacological activity and analytical methods for determination of a drug for treatment of multiple sclerosis – Fampridine. Methods: The method of literature survey of data for pharmacological action of Fampridine and analytical methods has been applied. Results: For pharmacological activity, literature survey has been shown, that 4-aminopyridine (Ampyra, Dalfampridine, Fampridine, Pymadine), as a selective voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker in the neuronal membrane, prolongs the depolarization phase of the action potential, improves axon potential propagation, increase neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. Fampridine has been used clinically for multiple sclerosis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. The combination Nivalin P: Galantamine hydrobromide/Pymadine is promising for Alzheimer's disease, due to the synergistic effect of cholinergic potentiation components: Galantamine hydrobromide as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and Pymadine as a stimulant of presynaptic release and synthesis of acetylcholine. For the analysis of related substances in 4-aminopyridine substance have been developed gradient HPLC method with UV-detection and capillary electrophoresis. For determination of 4-aminopyridine in capsules, serum and urine have been presented HPLC methods with UV-detection. For analysis of 4-aminopyridine in plasma capillary electrophoresis, spectrofluorimetry, gas chromatography with electron capture detector and HPLC with UV-detection have been described. Conclusion: The main pharmacological application of Fampridine is for treatment of multiple sclerosis and the combination Nivalin P: Galantamine hydrobromide/Pymadine is promising for Alzheimer's disease. As the most often applied methods for analysis of 4-aminopyridine in dosage forms and biological samples have been presented HPLC methods with UV-detection, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.

Turbulence Laser medicine (TLM) is a non-invasive photodynamic therapy, which is characterized by a turbulent acceleration of the photobiomodulation in the human body, thus achieving excellent healing effect for short periods of time. The author is presented a new approach for Laser Dental Education based on Biological Medicine principles. The new educational program involves knowledge about laser biostimulation, photoinfrared photobiomodulation, Laser Eliminating Therapy as Allergy and Environmental Medicine, Immunological Allergies, Autonomic nervous System Hypersensitivity Allergy and alternative methods of Combined Laser Treatment. This new approach of teaching show how to build Model of Individual Optimum Laser Stimulation and require education on four level: First level – laser biostimulation and biomodulation, Second level – Healing effect of Infrared Laser beam, clinical application. Next third level involves skills on Laser acupuncture and Combined Laser Biosynergetics. The higher level of laser education gives information about Turbulence Laser Medicine clinical application. All levels of Laser training require workshops with different types of Dental laser machines. This new approach of education has been approbated in Department of Prosthodontics, Laser Educational center for post graduated education at Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia. Results after the laser education show a great effectiveness.

Since independence of Nigeria in 1960, the country has been experiencing a high degree of mismanagement of resources particularly in the area of public procurement. There have been existing open abuses to rules and standards in the award and execution of public contracts in Nigeria. Sustainable procurement means appreciating and managing social, ethical, safety, environmental and economic value associated with the supply chain and materials selection. Improving procurement performance helps to establish “purchasing social responsibility. This study attempts to assess sustainable procurement in building construction in Minna, Niger State. This was achieved through assessing the challenges inherent in the procurement system of Niger State and ascertaining the level of sustainable procurement practices existing in the public sector. Survey design method was adopted for the study which include the use of questionnaire and interview. Data for the study were sourced from two sources; which are primary and secondary sources. Findings from the study indicates that there are potential barriers to sustainable construction in Niger State which includes; lack of government commitment, economic conditions, lack of government support/no incentives, and fear of higher investment costs and that sustainability is not integrated into the construction procurement process in Niger State. Based on the findings, recommendations were made such as: incentives and support from the government and regulatory agencies should be made available to firms that are compliant to sustainability goals, so as to encourage the practice of sustainability.

Anterior teeth are quite vulnerable to traumatic injuries and are very common among all age groups resulting in plethora of problems from simple crown infarctions to avulsion of teeth. A crown root fracture of the anterior teeth mainly affects children and adolescents; one of the main reasons is due to increased outdoor sports and recreational activities. Salvaging the fractured teeth through reattachment should always be the priority of the treating clinicians if the fracture segment is available without compromising the periodontium. Reattachment of fractured tooth fragments can immediately restore form, function and esthetics, provides a positive psychological response, and is a relatively simple procedure due to advancements in adhesive and restorative dentistry. The prognosis of such cases depends on the degree of fracture, pulpal involvement, level of eruption, apex formation. Since the anterior crown fracture has direct psychological impact on the patient, so reattachment should be ideally done as it brings out the best esthetics in immediate vicinity after trauma and can give a perfect smile to the patients.

Background: Hysteroscopy is gold standard procedure for uterine cavity evaluation (1). There are many randomized controlled trials on technical feasibility and patient compliance demonstrating that the procedure is well tolerated and effective in treatment of intrauterine pathology. Objective: To review the role of hysteroscopy in evaluation of infertility. Method: The study group includes 100 infertile women presenting to OPD during the period January 2017 -July 2018. This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Gynecology in AIIMS Patna. Patients aged 21-42 years with infertility were included in this study. Results: Among 100 infertile women, abnormal hysteroscopic finding were seen in 52% of cases. The most common abnormality was intrauterine adhesion (46.4%). Cervico-isthmic abnormalities were present in 7.1%. Observed abnormalities were septate uterus 12.5%, submucous myoma 7.1 %, endometrial polyp was seen in 23.4 %. Uterine cavity was normal in 88% cases, deformed cavity in 12 % of cases. Conclusion: Intrauterine adhesion were the most frequent abnormal finding in patient evaluated for infertility. Hysteroscopy is valuable diagnostic and therapeutic modality in management of infertility. Subject Area: obstetrics and Gynaecology.

Breast cancer is the second commonest cancer worldwide in 2008 (1.4 million new cases: 11% of all global cancers and 360,000 deaths) and the commonest potentially fatal cancer of women (Stuckey 2011). Breast cancer incidence has been increasing worldwide for decades, and there is currently a greater than 4-fold variation in age-standardized incidence rates between countries with the lowest (East and Southern Africa) and highest (Western Europe, North America and Australia/New Zealand) incidence (Stuckey 2011). Less than 10% of breast cancers can be attributed to an inherited genetic mutation (Stuckey 2011). Breast cancer is more commonly associated with environmental, reproductive, and lifestyle factors, some of which are potentially modifiable. There are several ways to treat breast cancer, depending on its type and stage. Some treatments are local, meaning they treat the tumor without affecting the rest of the body (Maughan, Lutterbie, and Ham 2010). Types of local therapy used for breast cancer include Surgery and Radiation therapy. Systemic treatments: Drugs used to treat breast cancer are considered systemic therapies because they can reach cancer cells almost anywhere in the body. Breast cancer, is one of the most common cancers in the world and although its incidence is more in some developed countries, death is higher in countries with low level of development. Therefore, better plans for screening and early detection programs in these countries are suggested. Both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been identified that increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer, both in the United States and worldwide, is increasing. However, with the advent of regular screening, more women are being diagnosed with early-stage disease.

We present the case of a 63 year old woman from Bangladesh, who presented with history suggestive of gastric outlet obstruction for 1 year and melena for 2 weeks. She was previously treated at her hometown for pancreatic pseudocyst. At presentation she was cachexic, anaemic and icteric. She was diagnosed to have a gastric antral polyp causing gastro-duodenal intussusception. This caused gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), obstructive jaundice and pancreatic duct dilatation. In spite of her frail and nutritionally depleted state she needed emergency laparotomy to prevent complications of cholangitis and severe melena. She had relief of symptoms post operatively. The challenges in perioperative management of this rare scenario in a frail, 63 year old woman are described.

An increasing number of patients have become aware of the detrimental effects of periodontal disease and tooth-loss and they seek periodontal care. The cornerstone of management of chronic periodontitis is the non-surgical periodontal treatment. The primary goal of periodontal therapy is to preserve the natural dentition by achieving and maintaining a healthy functional periodontium. Many adjunctive treatment modalities have been introduced lately to enhance the therapeutic outcome of periodontal treatment. It appears that there is no periodontal therapy where nonsurgical periodontal therapy is no longer effective. Some of these modalities have been found to offer statistical significant benefit in clinical outcomes than the scaling and root planning alone.

The distribution of Indian Peafowls in the Meghamalai forest area was studied in all the available habitats. The habitats includes southern dry deciduous scrub forest (SDSF), southern dry mixed deciduous forest (SDMDF), southern moist mixed deciduous forest (SMMDF), southern sub-tropical hill forest (SSTHF) and Miscellaneous and plantation forests (MISC+PL). The overall encounter rate of Indian peafowl in the study area was 1.86/km walked. The highest encounter rate was estimated in the SDSF habitat (ER=3.5/km walked). The minimum encounter rate was recorded in the SSTHF (ER=0.35/km walked). The other habitats such SDMDF (3.07), SMMDF (1.72) and Misc Plantation (0.71) were showed the moderate number of encounter rate of Indian peafowl Meghamalai forest areas. The present study revealed the distribution of Indian Peafowls in different habitats and the wide range of altitudinal gradients (altitude 330 to 950 msl) in the Meghamalai forest areas. This study also revealed that the populations of Indian Peafowls were found higher number in particular habitat when compared to others and it showed the fondness in the open areas of forests in the study area.

The bacteria constitute a group of highly diverse microorganisms that play important roles in the environment, having a versatility in the production from multiple molecules, among them the enzymes that have wide use in biotechnology. Hydrolytic enzymes are widely used in different processes in industries as pharmaceuticals, textiles, food and biofuels, such as proteases, pectinases, lipases, asparaginases, cellulases, among others. The microorganisms isolated from impacted environments appear as potential sources for new molecules of employment in the industry due to the metabolic versatility and stability in extreme environmental conditions. This study investigated the hydrolytic enzyme production capacity and biotechnological potential of 25 isolates belonging to seven bacterial genera (Bacillus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Exiguobacterium, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Proteus) collected from polluted urban stream in Recife/Pernambuco, Brazil. The production of L-asparaginase, protease, lipase, cellulase, amylaseand xylanasewas verified in 72%, 44%, 32%, 24%, 20% and 12% of bacteria, respectively. Bacteria have demonstrated a high hydrolases production capacity and can be applied at crucial stages in the bioprocess of biofuels, pharmaceuticals and food, associated with the intrinsic characteristics that can be used in recombinant DNA technology.

The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing. Advancement in utilization of wastes in concrete as a mixture reduces pollutants in environment and maximizes usage of natural resources( Shreekantet al., 2016). During the production of cement CO2 is produced from clinkerizationwhich causes global warming (Andrew, 2018). By reducing clinker consumption environment can be protected(https://www.wbcsdcement.org). An attempt was made to partially replace the clinker with waste material Quarry dust with an aim not to lose the strength far from original concrete mix. From the observations of test results, clinker can be replaced with 15% of quarry dust in concrete. The physical and mechanical properties of materials used in concrete were investigated. For each replacement cubes were casted for measuring 7days and 28days compressive strength. The results have been discussed. Here mine’s screen reject is used for partial replacement of clinker in cement manufacturing for studying the strength property of concrete. The aim of the experiment is to find the maximum content of mine’s screen reject partial replacement of clinker without compromising with the quality and strength of concrete.

The potential of three biopesticides (Biofor-PF-2,Biozine-PTBandBiogreen-5)of Assam Agricultural University to provide protection against root penetration of infective juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita race 2 on King chilli was assessed in pots in net house condition. All the biopesticides were found to reduce the nematode penetration to various levels. Soil application with Biogreen-5 was the most effective of all the tested products in preventing juvenile penetration by up to 69.7 per cent, 6 days after inoculation with nematode compared to that in untreated check.

Arcobacter and Campylobacter genres are pathogenic microorganisms associated with gastrointestinal diseases and their main transmission route is through food and water. Both genres have been strongly associated to poultry, these animals have been signed as reservoirs and contamination sources. Due to this characteristic, industries associated to poultry production had to establish control measures for these bacteria, being hygiene and disinfection one of the most important ones at processing plant level. The use of chemical agents for the control of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms is one of the most used strategies in food industry, nevertheless, the inadequate use of these substances and the transmission of resistance genes between strains has motivated an increase in the appearance of resistant microorganisms. This has led to the search of new chemical agents that accomplish with the characteristics requested by food industry, including to be non-toxic for consumers, food compatible and active at concentrations similar to routinely used. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of eight different sodium carboxylates against different Arcobacter and Campylobacter strains. Growth of these bacteria was determined at different concentrations of the salts. For Arcobacter, the inhibitory effect of the corresponding sodium salts was as follows: butanoate >gallate – 4-bromobenzoate - decanoate>benzoate>octanoate>caffeate> ascorbate; whereas for Campylobacter was: gallate – 4-bromobenzoate >decanoate – octanoate – butanoate – benzoate >caffeate> ascorbate. Sodium gallate and sodium 4-bromobenzoate were the two salts that presented inhibitory effect at lower concentrations for both bacteria (MIC = 31 µg/mL), butanoate presented a MIC ever lower but only against Arcobacter strains (< 8µg/mL).

This paper puts forward a linear erosion control measure in an area degraded by gully by means of implanting barriers of bamboo fiber. The pin method was applied in order to analyze the efficiency of this methodology. An estimate of soil loss was calculated from the variation in the soil levels in the experimental plots to consider this variation, the area of the experimental plots, and the soil density. After 17 months of monitoring the experimental plots, the efficiency of the barriers in controlling accelerated loss due to a greater concentration of sediment accumulation in the barriers’ upstream pins and a greater soil loss in the pin farthest from the barriers could be observed. In the experimental plot with barriers, a soil loss rate of 4.4 Mg / year was observed, and a 10.25 Mg / year rate was estimated for the experimental plot with no barrier. An efficiency rate of 66% in controlling erosion in the experimental plot with barriers was calculated from these estimates. The adoption of these low cost barriers, there being abundant material in the study region, is recommended as a control method due to the ease of handling the plant fiber and its fixation in ravines with slopes of nearly 15º.

In this paper we discuss about Near product cordial labeling graphs on Book graphs. If the labeling in the graph satisfies the condition of Near product cordial then it is called Near product cordial graphs. In this paper we have proved that the above mentioned graphs are Near product cordial graphs Except B+K1.It is not Near product cordial for both even and odd rectangular pages but for Triangular Book and Pentagonal Book it is not Near product cordial when t is odd.

The experiment was conducted in an extensive breeding of dairy cows in Ghineh-Mount Lebanon in order to identify the effect of zinc methionine supplementation on milk production affected by subclinical mastitis. The animals were divided into 2 groups; the first group was non supplemented (control ZM-, n=7), while the second was supplemented with 4 g the first month (June) before doubling the dose to 8 g of Zn-methionine/head/day the next month (July) (experimental ZM+, n=7). Milk samples were collected once a week from 40 teats selected based on CMT score during the two months June and July. The methods employed in this study included California mastitis test, bacteriological culture and milk composition analysis for milk fat, protein and lactose content. Milk yield and milk composition decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing of total aerobic bacterial count TABC. Zinc methionine ZM supplementation for subclinical mastitis cows resulted in significant decrease in total aerobic bacterial count comparing to time effect (from 1.16 ± 0.20, day1 to 0.70 ± 0.13 x105cfu/ml, day 57; P < 0.001). The obtained results showed a significant increase in milk production in the supplemented group ZM+(16,00 ± 0.80, day1 to 18.86 ± 0.71 l/day, day 57; P < 0.001). Milk lactose and protein content were also significantly increased especially after one month of treatment in ZM+ group (from 4.10 ± 0.06 day 1, to 4.40 ± 0.04 % day 57 for lactose content and 2.70 ± 0.08 day 1, to 3.20 ± 0.05 % day 57 for protein content; p<0.001). Whereas, no significant difference was noted in milk fat content between groups (P> 0.05). This study showed the positive effect of supplementation of zinc methionine on TABC, milk yield and milk composition. This shows the importance of chelated minerals supplementation in the ration, in order to prevent the progression of subclinical mastitis to clinical cases that cause economical loses in dairy cows and affects the composition of the milk and consequently will be refused by the industries.

One of the observed common reinforced concrete (RC) structural failures during recent earthquakes is column shear failure. When the stiffness and associated strength are abruptly reduced in a structure along the height, earthquake-induced deformations tends to concentrate at the flexible and/or weak storey. The concentration of damage in a storey leads to large deformation in vertical members. The excessive deformation in vertical members often leads to the failure of these members and the collapse of the storey. Soft/weak first stories are especially common in multi-story residential buildings in urban areas, where the first storey often is used for open space, commercial facilities or garages. Structural walls that separate residential units in levels above may be discontinued in the first storey to meet the change in use. The first-story columns during strong earthquake shaking must resist a large base shear, inevitably leading to large storey drift concentrated in that storey. Experimental and analytical experiment was planned and conducted to study the influence of brick masonry infill against the lateral loading. In this study, one third scaled frame, with centrally brick infill in the frame along loading direction has been taken for experimental investigation. Totally two frames with two columns, along loading direction and one beam with and without infill were constructed in the frame. Until the cracks developed in infill and beam column joints, the contribution of lateral loading is being carried out, the change in lateral stiffness, strength, ductility and of the framed structure due to the presence of in fills and bare frame against lateral loading is investigated using experimental and analytically.

The adsorption potentials of Senna occidentalis Seeds (SoS) Activated Carbon (AC) on the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions has been studied by employing equilibrium adsorption technique, adsorption isotherm and kinetics models. The equilibrium adsorption parameters varied were initial dye concentration, carbon dosage, contact time, pH and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were chosen as the isotherm models while pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intra-particle diffusion were chosen as the kinetics models. The correlation coefficient (R2) found at 0.9962 and dimensionless separation factor (RL) at 0.0099 has confirmed that the best fitted model that described the adsorption process of CR dye is the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Similarly, kinetics of the adsorption processes have been studied and found to be pseudo second-order kinetics. Based on this research findings, Senna occidentalis Seeds Activated Carbon can be said to have potentials for dye removal from effluents of industries, such as; textile, leather, paper, rubber, cosmetics etc.

Employee performance quality in carrying out his duties with transformational leadership. Employee performance. The transformational leader becomes central figure of the achievement. Leaders are expected to be able provide motivation, direction, role models and even influence for all citizens jointly achieve achievements. In running the wheels of the organization, charismatic leaders are needed and have a central role and strategy bringing the organization to achieve its goals. The methodology used is descriptive survey and a type of conclusive research whose main purpose to describe something that is usually in the form market characteristics or functions, and characterized by the formulation of specific hypothesis. Considered as the activity of providing a structured questionnaire to a large number of respondents.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been proved to increase the risk of bladder cancer among diabetics, yet studies in Nigeria are scarce. Objectives to Aim: To determine the prevalence of urothelial cell cancer and assessment of Diabetic patients who attend clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu southeastern Nigeria. Materials and methods: Ethical clearance and informed consents were appropriately obtained. Fasting Blood Sugar of the participants (165 diabetics and 140 non diabetics) were determined, then terminal urine samples were collected in a sterile universal container by the participants. Self administered questionnaires were issued. Urine samples were centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10 minutes. The sediments were used to make smear on well labeled charged slides and stained using May-Grunwald Geimsa staining technique for cytology. Urinalysis and urine microscopy were also carried out on the urine sediments. Results: Hyperglycaemia was noticed in 81.05% of the diabetics. Prevalence of abnormal urothelial cell among the diabetics was 3.03%. Conclusion: There was low prevalence of urothelial cell cancerand poor control of blood sugar level among diabetics in this locality. There was low post diagnosis survival rate.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been proved to increase the risk of bladder cancer among diabetics, yet studies in Nigeria are scarce. Objectives to Aim: To determine the prevalence of urothelial cell cancer and assessment of Diabetic patients who attend clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu southeastern Nigeria. Materials and methods: Ethical clearance and informed consents were appropriately obtained. Fasting Blood Sugar of the participants (165 diabetics and 140 non diabetics) were determined, then terminal urine samples were collected in a sterile universal container by the participants. Self administered questionnaires were issued. Urine samples were centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10 minutes. The sediments were used to make smear on well labeled charged slides and stained using May-Grunwald Geimsa staining technique for cytology. Urinalysis and urine microscopy were also carried out on the urine sediments. Results: Hyperglycaemia was noticed in 81.05% of the diabetics. Prevalence of abnormal urothelial cell among the diabetics was 3.03%. Conclusion: There was low prevalence of urothelial cell cancerand poor control of blood sugar level among diabetics in this locality. There was low post diagnosis survival rate.

Aims: To evaluate efficacy and safety of drugs in patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their impact on quality of life. Materials and Methods: Newly diagnosed patients of RA were included in the study [Group A=Methotrexate (7.5 to 25 mg) orally + Hydroxychloroquine (200 mg) orally& Group B =Methotrexate (7.5 to 25 mg) orally + Hydroxychloroquine (200 mg) orally + Prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day and then tapered to maintenance dose 7.5 mg/day) orally] and followed up for a period of 6 months after enrolment. Efficacy of drugs was assessed using Disability Assessment Score 28 (DAS 28) and Quality of life was measured with Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ).The data was recorded in Microsoft Excel Worksheet version 2007 and statistical evaluation was done using ANNOVA test and unpaired t-test and P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Result: Total 82 patients were included and divided in group [A (n=47) and B (n=35)]. In group A & B, there was significant reduction (P<0.001) in DAS28 at 2nd follow up as compared to baseline. In group B, DAS28 was significantly reduced at 1st follow up (P<0.05). Mean difference between group A & B was non-significant. In group A, total MHAQ was significantly change (P<0.001) at 2nd follow up as compared to baseline. In group B, the groups. Conclusion: MHAQ score was significantly reduced (P<0.001) at 1st follow up and at 2nd follow upas compared to baseline. Significant reduction (P<0.001) in MHAQ observed in both the group at 2nd follow up as compared to 1st follow up. In group B, there was strong correlation (r value=0.7) between DAS28 & MHAQ. Adverse drug reaction observed were mild in severity in both DMARDs decrease the severity of symptoms in RA patients over a period of time but symptomatic improvement is seen earlier in combination of DMARDs (methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine) plus prednisolone therapy.

Violence and insecurity in Acapulco, Mexico have perpetrated a devastating and terrifying image on tourist flows. The panorama of organized crime has not only affected the region's dynamic economy and competitiveness, but also deteriorated the perception of tourists. The objective of the research is to identify the reactionary measures taken by issuing destinations, and how they have contributed in generating the perception of insecurity. The methodology applied for this report is documentary exploratory through a series of stages in obtaining accurate data on the research topic, such as a variety of secondary sources from relevant institutions and nongovernmental organizations. The issue of insecurity – whether perceived or real not only affects tourism, but also the economic and social development of a city since its main source of income comes from the issuing destinations that arbitrarily establish travel warnings. Therefore, the paper also explores how the domestic government should respond to external perceptions, such as developing effective public safety strategies to restore the confidence of international visitors.

The Services sector is one of the most important sectors of the economy of every nation. In Nigeria, IT contributes more than half of the GDP and has substantial share in the country’s exports and employment. The objective of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of crude oil revenue on the service sector growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2017. Time series data were sourced from secondary sources on Service Sector Growth (SEV), Labour (LAB), Capital (CAP) and Crude Oil Revenue (COR). The data sets were analysed based on the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach for co-integration that estimates the long-run and short-run relationship between variables. The result of the analysis reveals that labour and capital impacts negatively on service sector growth while crude oil revenue impacts positively on service sector growth in Nigeria within the period. The paper therefore recommends that government should increase her budgetary allocation to the services in addition to introducing fiscal and monetary policy measures that will impact positively on the sector and ensure fiscal discipline regarding spending of crude oil revenue in terms of putting infrastructural facilities in place so as to boost the services sector growth which will in turn enhance economic growth and development.

The electrical resistivity sounding (VES) and magnetic profile methods are the most popular and the cheapest geophysical techniques. But the electrical resistivity sounding methods are more efficient for shallow deposit (sedimentary stratified layers) and not for the shallow and deeper volcanic rock horizon to delineate the bed rock due to erratic data and its electrical equivalence limitation. Here in this paper, It is attempted to show how magnetic profile could help the electrical resistivity sounding investigation. Electrical Resistivity Sounding and Total Magnetic Field Methods to determine the over burden deposit thickness and characterize bed rock physical property for ground water potential assessment. This approach can help to handle the bed rock geophysical property. To conduct investigation work on Gerado catchment: One magnetic profile crossing the catchment SE to NW direction which has 1820m profile length with 50m spacing and three electrical resistivity soundings with AB[m] = 1500m by using Schlumberger configuration had been carried out at the selected three stations on the magnetic profile. All VES data analysis, interpretation, 1D and 2D geo-electrical cross-section models of subsurface had been processed, determined and generated by using IPI2win and IX1D for electrical resistivity, Potent for magnetic modeling to fix top depth and to get a good picture of the bed rock under subsurface.

Goods and Services Tax or GST known as the biggest game changer for the Indian economy. Almost 160 countries have implemented GST so far. However, the thought of GST in India was rooted way back by Vajpayee government in 2000. The Finance Minister in his budget speech of Budget 2015 has announced time and again that the tax will be introduced on 1 April, 2016, however it came into existence in the year 2017 on 1st July.. VAT or Value Added Tax was first introduced in France somewhere in 1954. The concept of VAT is applying a tax only on the value added by each person at each stage; by allowing the person input credit of taxes paid up to his stage of procurement. Thus the tax is expected to increase the gross domestic product of the economy, reduce the concept of ‘tax on tax’ and reduce prices. Overall it is known to be beneficial to everyone, the business, consumer and the Government. In India, there are so many indirect taxes applied on goods and services by both central and state government. GST is intended to include all these taxes into one tax with seamless ITC and charged on both goods and services. Thus service tax, special additional duty, excise duty, VAT to name a few will get repealed and will be added into GST. For this, GST will have 4 parts – Central GST (CGST) Bill, Integrated GST (IGST) Bill, Union Territory GST (UTGST) Bill, the GST (Compensation to States) Bill. state taxes like VAT will be subsumed into SGST and the central taxes like excise duty into CGST. This Research Paper is focoused on 2 years journey of GST in India and its future.

The issue of person organization fit has been considered as one of the paramount research areas in organizational behavior. Various research undertaken in the area have indicated that the extent to which the abilities and values of individuals fits with the demands of the job environment greatly affects employees commitment and their intention to continue working in a given setting. The current study was initiated in view of assessing the interplay between P-O fit and turnover intension of academic professionals in academic institution, by taking evidence from Hawassa University. The study was cross sectional in nature and made use of survey instruments developed by prominent researchers in the area. The result of the study indicated that, although no to a large extent, there exists misfit between the desire and values of academic professionals and the demand and values of the academic institution. Further the results of the study indicated that P-O fit is an important predictor of academic professional’s turnover intension . The outcome of the research is expected to be a valuable input in the process of designing and implementing employee oriented human resource strategies by academic professionals in the country.

Background: Alcoholism causes harm to the well-being and health of the person and also he family. Spouses are mostly affected because of the intimate nature of the relationship. Studies on the impact on spouses have been very less in psychiatric literature. Objective: 1. To evaluate the frequency and nature of psychiatric morbidity in wives of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. 2. To study the relationship between psychiatric disorders of wives with the severity of alcohol dependence. Methods: Cross sectional observational study was done by enrolling a total of 100 patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence and their wives screening (112 patients, 12 refused consent, 100 were enrolled). Patients were recruited by consecutive sampling method. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) – To assess psychiatric morbidity among wives and Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) – To assess the severity of Alcohol addiction among husbands. Results: Psychiatric co-morbidities were seen in 56% cases. Most common associated psychiatric morbidity was depression (37%) followed by anxiety (15%), phobia (3%) and psychotic disorder (1%). A significant association was seen between presence of psychiatric co-morbidity and severity of alcoholism (p<0.05) with prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among low, medium and severe alcoholism cases was 27.3%, 60.4% and 83.8% respectively. Conclusions: The high rates of social and psychological distress among women whose partners have alcohol problems, need to be addressed either as part of alcohol treatment programs or independently. These issues need to be addressed not only to improve outcomes for the dependent individuals, but also as potentially reversible risk factors that could significantly impact women's own health outcomes.

Ketamine in two different doses (1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg IV) after diazepam 0.2 mg/kg IV was administrated to 100 females for minor obstetric and gynecologic procedures after premedication with either atropine 0.01 mg/kg i.m. or with atropine 0.01 mg/kg and promethazine 0.5 mg/kg i.m., anaesthesia was satisfactory and mild but clinically insignificant respiratory depression was observed in all the four groups. Addition of promethazine to the premedication significantly reduced the postoperative nausea & vomiting as well the emergence delirium (P < 0.05).

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common cause of surgical abdomen requiring emergency surgery, with a life time incidence of about 6% to 8%. One of the most important steps in appendectomy procedure is closure of appendix stump. In laparoscopic appendectomy extra corporeal or intra corporeal knotting are used for stump ligation. Harmonic scalpel is an energy device that can be used to deal with appendicular stump. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized comparative study was conducted in Post Graduate Department of Surgery, Government Medical College Jammu. All patients with clinical evidence of acute appendicitis, recurrent appendicitis and patients dated for interval appendectomy were included in this study and laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in all. Patients with clinically apparent perforation, appendicular lump and co morbid condition contraindicating surgery under general anaesthesia were excluded from this study group. 84 patients were taken up for the study but data of four patients were excluded from study as they needed conversion to open surgery. Rest of the 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A included 40 patients in whom appendicular stump was dealt with extracorporeal knotting and group B included 40 patients in whom appendicular stump was dealt with harmonic scalpel. Results: Mean age of patients in extracorporeal knotting group was 27.6 years (7-62 years) and in harmonic scalpel group it was 26.9 years (8-64 years) with M:F ratio in extracorporeal knotting group (Group A) being 1.5:1 and in Group B (Harmonic scalpel) it was 1.7:1. Mean Operative time in Group B was 35.44 minutes and it was 50.8 minutes in Group A. The difference in operating time was statistically significant (p < 0.00001).Mean appendicular stump closure time in harmonic scalpel group was 44.6 seconds and in extracorporeal knotting group was 295.6 seconds and difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Post operative ileus was present in 5% (n=2) patients in knotting group and in harmonic group it was present in 7.5% (n=3) patient. Statistically difference in two groups was not significant (p=1.000). Mean pain score as observed was 4.12 in Group A and 3.8 in Group B. In majority of the patients in both groups; only 02 doses of analgesics were required. Port site infection was observed in 2.5% (n=1) patient in harmonic group and 7.5% (n=3) in knotting group (P=0.609). The mean duration of post operative hospital stay was 3.12 days (2-5 days) in knotting group and 2.76 days (2-4 days) in harmonic group. The mean interval to return to daily routine was 7.4 days in knotting group and 7.64 days in harmonic group. There is no statistically significant difference between two groups (p=0.513). Conclusion: The technique of laparoscopic appendectomy by harmonic scalpel is very simple and safe that is changing surgeons’ performances to refined, quicker and efficient procedures. In view of the results available from the present study it is concluded that harmonic scalpel appendicular stump closure is safe, time saving, easily accessible and simple when compared with extracorporeal knotting closure of appendicular stump. In situations where facilities of harmonic scalpel are available patients of appendicitis must be extended the benefit of ligating appendicular stump with harmonic scalpel.

Recently, internet and social networks in Toamasina’s people life change deeply their view and their conception of mental illness that as at a long time ago, considered within our customs and traditions as pain inflected by ancestors. Our objectives are to be able to fight against the prejudices of psychiatry in Toamasina, to be able to break the barrier between several ideologists, to go further towards a psychiatry centered on more modern and adapted care. We carried out a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study of the two years (2017-2018) in the only department of psychiatry in Toamasina by using hospital data. Through an anonymous questionnaire filled by our consultants, we have been able to trace their pre - arrival careers in psychiatry. Clinically, the major psychiatric disorders recorded in Tamatave psychiatric hospital are dominated by delusional disorders, depressive mood disorders, conversive syndromes and psychiatric troubles related to alcohol and cannabis. However, in 2018, compared with in 2017, we recorded a significant increase of 5.06% in anxiety disorders, 2.02% in depressive troubles and 1.14% in cannabis use. In fact, Toamasina’s people had to deal with destabilizing events in 2018, among others, the cyclone AVA, quite powerful and destructive in January and the presidential election with political clashes at the end of the year. The interview with our patients highlights clearly this search for insurance and protection through traditional practitioners (18%) in 2018, by religion (45%), or by psychiatric care (78%). However, most of our patients choose the association Psychiatry-Religion (88%) in 2018. In a conservative country as ours, oral tradition still holds a prominent place (35%). As Malagasy have a low literacy rate, they are easily influenced by free affirmations by oral tradition. From our point of view, Malagasy people have already had their own psychotherapies long time before the introducing of Western psychiatric approach in our Island. In fact, by referring to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. So, psychiatrist should have the power to identify with these therapeutics systems and even challenge them for an excellent therapy. We should enhance our efforts on the extension, the medialization of scientific knowledges, because many Malagasy audiences are still and really in ignorance.

Background: Head and neck cancer is a major problem that occurs in Asia. Increasing incidence and lack of improvement in prognosis of oral cancer and pre cancer in Indian population necessitates in depth probing of various etiological and contributory factors for its early diagnosis and prognosis. Various studies have focused supporting an association between Candida species and oral neoplasia. Objective – This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and correlation of Candida organisms in leukoplakia, oral cancer and healthy control group. Method: A comparative study was carried out in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, which include total 63 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 21 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed oral cancer patients and 21 leukoplakia patients and 21 subjects with no clinical lesion were included in the study. The biopsy specimen processed for routine histopathologic examination and PAS staining. Whole saliva sample collected by spitting method was incubated in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar by lawn plating technique. and colonies were counted for Candida species. Results: In present study we found positive correlation of Candida species in oral cancer and leukoplakia patients. The distribution of mean candida colonies in oral cancer group was significantly higher compared to the leukoplakia and control groups (p-value <0.001 for both). The distribution of prevalence of presence of candida colonies differ significantly between oral cancer group and normal group as well as between leukoplakia and normal group (p-value<0.05 for both). Conclusion: Present study indicates positive role of candida in oral carcinogenesis.

Central odontogenic fibroma is a mesenchymal odontogenic tumor comprising less than 5% of all the odontogenic tumors. This tumor tends to occur in a wide age range with no gender predilection. Several attempts have been carried out by various authors to simplify and classify this benign tumor. The rarity and lack of specific clinic and histologic criteria have rendered the diagnosis of this tumor challenging. Also, the clinical and radiographic features mimics several other odontogenic and non-odontogenic entities. However, a biopsy is mandatory to diagnose this type of odontogenic tumors. We describe a case of central odontogenic fibroma occurring in the posterior mandible of a 13 year old male patient.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide disease, and the prevalence is increasing particularly in developing countries. Individuals with undiagnosed Type II diabetes are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Lip prints and fingerprints being genetically determined may serve as one of such biomarkers. The analysis of lip prints and fingerprints are simple and noninvasive when compared with biochemical tests for Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Aim: To study correlation of lip and finger print patterns in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and method: The study sample included 100 subjects in 20 to 60 years of age group which were divided into two group (50 normal individuals and 50 uncontrolled Type II diabetes mellitus patients). They were selected from Outpatient Department of General hospital and Oral Medicine and Radiology from Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur. Their lip and finger prints were recorded and then classified using the classification of patterns of the lines on the lips proposed by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi and the patterns of fingers were analyzed according to Henry’s system. Result: It was found that when seen individually each digit showed the highest percentage of loop pattern almost equally in both cases and controls. In diabetic patients whorls are seen as the most common prevalent pattern in both right and left hands. Reticular type of lip print pattern was significantly higher in diabetics (50.0%) than controls (10%). Conclusion: This study indicates that people with Type IV pattern of lip print may have a greater predilection for developing Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Also whorl type of fingerprint pattern was more common in diabetic than non-diabetics individuals; hence, suggesting that lip print and finger print patterns can be used as an early diagnostic marker for Type II diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The retromolar canal normally arises from the mandibular canal behind the third molar, and travels antero-superiorly to the retromolar foramen (RMF), which is located within or around the retromolar triangle. RMF permits the passage of vascular-nerve bundles that contribute to nutrition and innervation of the pulp and periodontium of mandibular molar teeth. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of retromolar canal along with diameter and course using CBCT as it offers advantages in terms of better visualization of the structural images of the anatomical variation with high contrast. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in 100 individuals within the age group of 18 to 50 yrs with erupted or impacted mandibular third molar was included in the study for the presence of RMC using CBCT. Axial, sagittal, and cross-sectional images were reconstructed for all hemi-mandibles. The retromolar canals were classified into 9 categories. Results: The present study comprised of CBCT images of 100 subjects in which 43% were males while 57% were females, ranging from 18-50 years with a mean of 23.5±7.6. Of 100 CBCT images, retromolar canal was found in 18 subjects (18%) whereas a total of 25 RMCs (11 left, 14 right) were detected. Both male (50%) and female (50%) have equal prevalence of RMC and the age group 21-30 years (38.9%) tended to have more RMC than the other age group. Conclusion: Age, gender and location had no significant association with the course and diameter of RMC. The knowledge of this anatomical variation is important for surgeons to prevent damage to the nerves arising from retromolar canal.

Background & Objective: Prematurity and low birth weights are the important risk factors for Neonatal and Infant mortality. It is not possible to weight significant proportions of newborns in rural areas of many developing countries, mostly due to unavailability of weighing scales. These low birth weight newborns, even if they survive, they used to suffer from long term disability such as malnutrition or gross developmental delay. Many studies earlier have attempted to identify surrogate makers of LBW to find out solution of this problem, but still there is no consensus of cutoff value for these surrogate markers, which can correlate uniformly with LBW. The reproducibility and reliability of these surrogate markers vary in different races and locations. The aim of this study was to identify the reliable surrogate markers for LBW. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out in a tertiary level hospital located in central India. The aim of the study was to identify a surrogate marker/s which can be reliably used for identification of low birth weight newborn. Results: All the anthropometric measurements correlate significantly with birth weight. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the best predictors in the descending order for low birth weight were Chest C., Calf C., Head C., length & MUAC with a variance of 77.4%, 3.0%, 1.4%, 1.0%, 0.7% respectively. Sensitivity for head and chest circumference was 92.42 and 92.20 respectively, whereas sensitivity for MUAC was 95.26, the highest among all parameters. This study suggests that mid upper arm circumference below <11 cm may be an optimum anthropometric surrogate to identify LBW newborns. Conclusion: Head and chest circumferences were the best specific anthropometric surrogates of LBW. MUAC was the best sensitive and easier and convenient surrogate marker, but it can overestimate LBW infants. Combining MUAC with either HC or CC will be most appropriate for identifying LBW infants in resource limited areas. Further studies are needed in the field to cross-validate our results.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer and the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in women in the United States. According to 2018 cancer statistics, the estimated number of newly diagnosed cases is 63,230, with a probability of 1 in every 35 women (2.8%) developing it during her lifetime. To date, there is limited knowledge of endometrial cancer in Kashmir India. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze the demographic spectrum of endometrial cancers in Kashmir valley. Material and Method: This was a retrospective study, So all patients were included who had Histopathologically confirmed endometrial neoplasm registered at Regional Cancer centre of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar Kashmir between 2008 and 2015. All the patient characteristics including age, presentation, type of cancer, stage of cancer, parity, treatment received in each case was studied in detail. Results: The present study included 80 patients of endometrial cancer. Mean age of presentation in our study was 55±0.63 years. Majority of endometrial cancers where of adenocarcinoma histology (81%) followed by sarcoma (10%) and papillary serous type (9%). The major clinical presentation was vaginal bleeding (85 %) followed by pelvic pain (28 %) and ascites (8 %). So far as evaluation is concerned, most of the cases (90%) where diagnosed by D&C and Pelvic USG. Majority of patients presented at stage I (60%) followed by stage III (18%). Conclusion: In conclusion, early detection will reduce the number of death of endometrial cancer patients. A significant number of endometrial cancer patients in Kashmir present with early stage of disease and probably due to clinical presentation in our centre that major clinical presentation was vaginal bleeding followed by pelvic pain. Endometrial cancers are observed at an middle age group that is more than 40 years of age . People should be educated for an early consultation for symptoms and high risk individuals should be encouraged for screening. The health programmes about endometrial cancer should be carried out in open places to give more information about endometrial cancer to the public.

As depression is a state of pathological sadness which causes disability especially in adolescents, our objective is to determine the factors involved in depression among high school students in Antananarivo in aim to improve their care. This descriptive study was conducted in four high schools in Antananarivo, for the second and first grade classes of the school year 2017- 2018. Depression was evaluated by the Major Depression Inventory for Children. Data was analyzed by using the software Epi info 7, with a significance threshold p at 0.05. Thus three hundred and three (N = 303) youngsters were included in the study, with 124 boys and 179 girls (sex ratio = 0.69). More than half of the depressed population (59.57%) was an adolescent girl. Among the depressed teens, 53.62 % were from a middle-income family. Sixty-four percent of non-depressed adolescents were enrolled in public high schools. Moreover, teenagers with a good relationship with their parents were not depressed. Furthermore, depression was mostly found in adolescents with a medium-quality relationship with their teachers. Last, depressed students had average school performance in 79.86% of cases. All in all, depression in high school students deserves our attention in our therapeutic interventions. These young people are not priority because they don’t disturb well-being of the class. Thus, qualified staff in each educational establishment would be beneficial and should be adopted.

Pulp vitality is very important for tooth viability, as it provides nutrition and act as alarm to detect pathogenic stimuli. Regenerative endodontic procedures aim at regeneration of pulp and dentin of the affected teeth. The aim of this review is to add a new prospect in regenerative endodontic therapy by using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). PRP and PRF have an intimate assembly of cytokines, glycan chains and structural glycoproteins which are enmeshed in polymerized fibrin network, and have the potential to accelerate soft and hard tissue healing. Thus this review is intended to add light on the various prospects of PRP and PRF and clinical insights to regenerative endodontics.

Introduction: Orthopedic surgery has a particularly hazardous work environment in which surgeons are at increased risk for exposure to infections, radiations, smoke, chemicals, excessive noise, musculoskeletal injuries, as well as emotional and psychological disturbances. Here we are only going to focus on the exposure to radiation while operating and what precautions to be taken. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge levels of orthopedic surgeons about exposure dose and possible risks of fluoroscopy. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire form with a total of 10 questions was taken to orthopedic surgeons working in GMC Jammu. The participants were requested to answer the given questions. The questionnaire evaluated participant’s knowledge about the exposure dose and possible risks of fluoroscopy and the preventive measures they take. Effects on patients were not assessed in this study. Results: A lead apron was the most commonly used protection from the harmful effects of radiation (100%) but without thyroid gland shield and glasses. Fluoroscopy shots were performed with the help of operating room personnel (86%). No Surgeon used any personal radiation monitoring device. Almost every surgeon was found to be anxious that as an orthopedic surgeon we receive very high doses of radiations and about the possible deleterious side effects. Conclusion: According to the survey results, the need for fluoroscopy was very high in orthopedic surgery but it doesn’t exceed all other interventionalists. However, orthopedic surgeons have inadequate knowledge about the exposure dose and possible level of risks of fluoroscopy. Therefore, we believe that training on this topic should be provided to all orthopedic surgeons. Myths related to radiation exposure in orthopedics surgery must be addressed.

Aim: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with three different types of fibre-reinforced composite post systems using two different types of luting cements. Settings and Design: This was an in vitro study. Materials and Method: Ninety extracted intact human maxillary central incisor teeth were selected for the study. All the teeth were decoronated 2 mm above the cemento-enamel junction, root canal treatment was performed, post space was prepared and the samples were divided into 3 groups (n= 30); Group 1: prefabricated glass fibre post (Reforpost), Group 2: customized polyethylene woven fibre post (Ribbond) and Group 3: customized Everstick post (GC). Two types of luting cements, dual cure resin cement Paracore (COLTENE) and self-etch/self-adhesive resin cement Maxcem Elite (KERR) were used for post cementation. The core was standardized to 4mm. Prepared samples were subjected to compressive load of 5mm/min at 135o anguation using an universal testing machine. The load at which fracture occurred was analysed statistically by one way ANOVA and post-hoc tukey test. Result: The findings showed statistically significant difference between failure loads. Group 3 showed highest mean fracture resistance value (54.77±1.65 Kgf), followed by group 1 (Reforpost) with mean value (42.47±2.24 Kgf) and group 2 (Ribbond) with mean value (24.12±1.91 Kgf ). Conclusion: Teeth restored with Everstick post showed highest mean fracture resistance value regardless of luting agent.

Introduction: Poisoning is one of the most common medical emergency presenting to the hospitals in developing countries. Kashmir has high incidence of poisoning cases. According to WHO, three million acute poisoning cases with 2, 20,000 deaths occur annually. Of these, 90% of fatal poisoning occurs in developing countries particularly among agricultural workers1. It was estimated that almost 50,000 people die every year from toxic exposure in India2. The poisoning cases have increased due to the frequent use of pesticides in agriculture and exposure to hazardous chemical compounds as a result of industrialization. Aim and Objectives: This prospective observational study was conducted with an Aim to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of acute poisoning in Kashmir region, Material and methods: The study was conducted from 1/6/17 to 30/12/17 among patients of acute poisoning brought to emergency department of GMC Srinagar included 330 cases of adults, with acute poisoning due to drugs and chemicals. Cases of Snake bite, insect bite, food poisoning and allergic reaction to drugs were not included in the study. Data regarding age, sex, marital status, occupation, locality, type of poison, route of exposure, and associated co-morbid conditions were collected from the hospital records and documented in the pre-structured proforma. Data were documented and statistically analysed. Results and Observation: 330 cases of acute poisoning presented to emergency department over period of six months. Female outnumber male with78.18 % (258 number of cases) while only 72 male patients. Most common poisoning presenting was organo-phosphate poisoning with total number of 58.78% (n 194)followed by rodenticides 10.54% (n 35) > benzodiazepines 7.87% (n26) > alcohol intake 4.84% (n16) > corrosive poisoning 4.57% (n15) > petrochemical compound 2.42% (n8) > Ayurveda compound 1.81%(n6) > carbon monoxide 1.51% (n5) > paracetamol 0.90% (n3), levothyroxine 0.9% ( n3) and unknown or miscellaneous 5.4% (n18). On retrospective analysis of data demographic profile of poisoning patients in Kashmir region was as under with highest number of cases were from Pulwama 16.9% (n56) followed by Shopian 15.15% (n 50), Kulgam 13.9%( n 46), Anantnag 12.7% (n 42), Bandipora 10% (n33), Srinagar 8.4% (n 27), Baramulla 8.48% (n27), Ganderbal 5.8% (n17), Kupwara 4.8% (n16 )and Budgam 4.2% (n14). Conclusion; The most common acute poisoning (60%) presenting was organo-phosphate compounds from districts of south Kashmir due to ready availability of these compounds among apple orchid farmers and lack of education and awareness among farmers about handling of these compounds. Thus, there should be proper education and laws regarding handling and use of these compounds.

Hemiplegic shoulder is one of the most common forms of presentation in individuals suffering from stroke. They present with severe pain as well limited range of movements in the affected shoulder. This case report demonstrates the use of high-resolution ultrasound guidance to facilitate blockade of the suprascapular nerve which supplies sensation to the shoulder joint. Upon targeted administration of a small dose of medication (local anaesthetic mixed with a corticosteroid) in real time under ultrasound guidance, the patient reported significant reduction in pain as well as improvement in his shoulder movements and function immediate post-procedure and on follow-up at 12-weeks.

Introduction: Double J (DJ) stent removal requires local anesthesia and is done using rigid cystoscope. Patients experience significant pain during and after the procedure. We assessed the efficacy of preemptive oral diclofenac in analgesia for patients undergoing DJ stent removal by rigid cystoscopy compared to placebo. Methods: Only male patients undergoing DJ stent removal under local anesthesia between March 2017 and July 2018 were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive 50 mg oral diclofenac (Group A) or placebo (Group B) 1 hour before procedure by randomization. Intraurethral 2% lignocaine gel (25 ml) was used in both groups. Pain during rigid cystoscopy, pain at the first void, and at 1 day after cystoscopy was assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) (0–100). Adverse reactions to diclofenac and episodes of acute urinary retention, if any, were assessed. Results: Totally 121 males (Group A [n = 62]; Group B [n = 59]) underwent stent removal. The median (Interquartile range) VAS during the procedure in Group A was 30 (30) and Group B was 60 (30) (P< 0.001), at first void was 30 (30) and 70 (30) (P< 0.001) and at 24 h postoperatively was 20 (20) and 40 (20) (P< 0.001). The incidence ofside effects was comparable in the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions: A single oral dose of diclofenac 1 h before DJ stent removal using rigid cystoscope under intra-urethral lignocaine anesthesia decreases pain significantly during and upto one day after the procedure,with minimal side effects.

Diabetes and anxiodepressive syndrom are both two mjor problem of public health who have influence for each other. Depression and anxiety are the first psychiatric problems of diabetics’ patients that are often misdiagnosed and non-treated. The aims of this study are to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to extract the associated risk factors, in order to improve the intake of the diabetic patients. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted within the endocrinology service in the University Hospital of Josph Raseta Befelatanana. Fifty diabetic patients were reported in the study, and the average age was about 27,35 years old with a female gender predominance. Depression was about 37% of the cases, and anxiety about 40%. Height percent of the study population has already made a suicide attempt in their medical history. The economic level, the comorbidity with arterial hypertension and alcool addiction were both factors that can influence in the incidence of depression and anxiety. So, the treatment of a diabetic patient should be subject to a multidisciplinary medical care.

Endoscopic DCR is preferred for its scarless, minimally invasive technique. Many modifications including placement of silicon stents has been done over the years to reduce the recurrence. Endonasal endoscopic and External DCR approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages. Endoscopic DCR is one of the several techniques to unblock the nasolacrimal duct. Methods: our study included 40 patients with epiphora having obstruction in the nasolacrimal duct. All the patients underwent Endoscopic DCR with silicon stent placement. Patients were followed postoperatively for a period of 6months -2 years. Results: Results of my study were compared with endoscopic DCR without stent and classical external DCR. We found that DCR with stent had less chances of recurrence and synechia formation. Results at 2 year follow up have been good with more than 90 percent symptoms relieved completely. Conclusion: Endoscopic DCR is a safe, cast effective alternative for external DCR in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We found that endoscopic DCR with stent had several advantages over more conventional external approach.